《太上飞行九晨玉经》

The Most High Lord of the Great Dao (a revered Daoist deity) said to the True Lord of the North Pole: “In former times I once journeyed through the northern heavens: I drove my chariot to the Vast Cold, trod upon the Floral Canopy, parted the Nine Origins with my hands, sped among the Cloud Palaces, and further wandered the mysterious northern realms, roaming freely in the Lodge of Northern Shade and gazing in appreciation at the Gate of Cavernous Fine Hair. I looked up to the Jade Pivot (Xuanji, the celestial hub indicated by the handle of the Northern Dipper) to summon the fortunes of destiny, hasten the cycles of kalpic fate, and impel the operation of the Heavenly Dao (the Way); I sighed at the decline of the myriad things, then looked down upon the enduring existence of Heaven and Earth. From this I came to know the marvels of the Nine Stars and also comprehended the supremely numinous nature of the Dipper’s Bowl (Doukui, the first four stars of the Northern Dipper).

The Nine Stars are the root of the numinous Qi (vital energy) of the Nine Heavens, the ridgepole of the radiance of sun and moon, and the original source of the myriad things. Heaven has Nine Qi, and the Nine Stars are where their numinous nature resides; Earth has Nine Provinces, and the Nine Stars are their divine rulers; humans have Nine Apertures, and the Nine Stars are the palaces of life; Yin-Yang has Nine Palaces, and the Nine Stars are their gates; the Five Sacred Peaks and Four Seas likewise take the Nine Stars as the places where divine power is deeply hidden. Five and nine interlace in arrangement, maintaining infinite order, governing the stellar lodges of Heaven, operating the sun, moon, and stars, harmonizing the Five Phases (Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, Water) and Four Seasons, enabling Heaven and Earth to endure, giving the myriad things a place of return, and providing the immortals with something to rely upon.

If Heaven lacked the Nine Stars, it could not be clear, bright, and lofty; if Earth lacked the Nine Stars, it could not possess numinous nature; if humans lacked the Nine Stars, the Nine Apertures could not be open and luminous. The Supreme Thearch relies on the Nine Stars to reach the true realm; the immortals rely on the Nine Stars to cultivate the fruition of the Dao; the Five Phases operate according to them, and the myriad things receive their Qi and come to life. When Heaven and Earth are clear, bright, and at peace, the Nine Stars shine forth in glory; when Heaven and Earth are in turmoil and blockage, the Nine Stars are veiled and dim. The Jade Pivot summons the timing of kalpic fate’s arrival; the Heavenly Pass operates the Qi of the Five Phases, pushing the great pivot-wheel of the Heavenly Dao in the void, urging the Nine Heavens to meet at the appointed time.

Thus the light of Shen (spirit) circulates and illuminates, discerning all things in the world, and it may deviate from its constant positions, presaging disaster or auspiciousness. The great cyclical alternations of Heaven and Earth and the passage through kalpic numbers are all the result of the Nine Stars reaching the end of their cycles. Yin and Yang contend and erode one another, the two Qi become blocked and surge, Heaven and Earth overturn, the Nine Seas merge into one, gold and jade melt away, and not even the finest things are spared; all this is brought about by the turning of the Nine Stars and the urging of the Jade Pivot.

One who understands the operations of Heaven and Earth and the mysterious principles, if he obtains the essentials, can practice hidden steps in the void, conceal the body and become invisible, transform the sun, moon, and stars, and cause the myriad things to take form in response to thought. The method of the Black Spots of Hidden Submersion has twenty-five names in all; its principles are profound and subtle, and it is kept secret, not transmitted downward. Above there are the Flower Lords of the Nine Dawns, in the middle the Ladies of the Nine Sovereigns; the hun soul, Jing (essence), po soul, and ling are all the awesome Shen of the Nine Dippers, emitting radiance that illuminates the Seven Luminaries (sun, moon, and five planets), with light flowing through the gates of the Nine Heavens, rendering even the dark void thoroughly bright with nothing left hidden.

The yang radiance of the Nine Stars transforms into the Flowing-Gold Fire Bells, the yin radiance into the Spreading Seven Origins; both are the numinous registers of the Highest, the awesome dharma-statutes of the Primordial Beginning. The secret of the Dragon-Flying Silk Measure, the hidden oral formulas, are concealed within the writings and the rites. According to the ritual one arranges the floral silks and worships Heaven to summon the true numina; then mysterious light shines upon the covenant altar, the Nine Dawns descend into the numinous chamber, the Ladies arrive joyfully at the sleeping mat, and the Mysterious Dipper records the practitioner’s name in the secret registers. One who understands this Dao and practices visualization and cultivation can thereby avoid the great kalpa and pass through the flood disaster in the year of Jia-Shen. After fourteen years of practice (two sevens of years), one can soar like a wild goose spreading its wings, burst through the Purple Empyrean and ascend to the Dawn Heavens. This is the superior Great Dao of Yuqing (Jade Purity), far beyond comparison with the middling immortal path of Shangqing (Highest Clarity).

Yuqing is the highest true realm within Shangqing; Shangqing in turn is higher than Taiqing (Great Clarity), and Taiqing higher than the flying immortals. One who cultivates the Dao of Yuqing, when traveling, is attended by the divine hosts of all the heavens accompanying the chariot, with three thousand jade youths and jade maidens, raising banners of twenty-one colors, riding a purple-cloud flying carriage with twelve jade wheels; in front phoenix songs lead the way, behind mysterious hooks follow, six masters open the path, flying dragons guard the carriage; the rank is equivalent to a high immortal, the name listed in the registers of Yuqing. One who cultivates the Dao of Shangqing, when traveling, is guarded by the divine hosts of the Five Stars, with one thousand five hundred jade youths and jade maidens, raising purple-plume banners, riding a flying-cloud cinnabar palanquin; in front phoenixes and simurghs blow, behind heavenly music is played, mysterious dragons open the path, the Five Emperors follow the carriage; the rank is equivalent to a left or right minister of Shangqing. One who cultivates the Dao of Taiqing, when traveling, is guarded by the Five Emperors, with eight hundred jade youths and jade maidens, raising five-colored banners, riding a dragon palanquin through flying mists; in front nine phoenixes cry long, behind eight simurghs play, white chi-dragons open the path, the Great Bolt follows the carriage. Thus one sees that within the true Dao there are higher and lower, and the mysterious realms likewise have ranks.

The Dao of Yuqing is profound, distant, and lofty, far beyond comparison with ordinary Perfected Ones and flying immortals. The superior method of the Nine Stars, the Dao of Mysterious Illumination, is what I received in former days from the Primordial Beginning. Through seven hundred million kalpas, Heaven and Earth have several times flourished and declined, the myriad things have continually perished, yet this method of the Dao has always remained. Even now I still cultivate it above the Cloud Scenery, unable to forget its seasons, because I love the loftiness of this Dao and also treasure the affection of meeting with the Ladies.

How much more so for those of later ages who first study the arts of flying ascent: if they do not know the methods of hidden travel in the void, how can they open the gates of the layered empyrean and observe the beginning and end of Heaven and Earth? Without this Dao, they will be cut off from the Nine Dawns and unable to associate with the Ladies. Even if they have mysterious titles and are listed in the registers of the Heavenly Thearch, able to ride clouds and dragons and roam the Five Sacred Peaks, it is merely to be spared from death; as for wishing to tread upon the Dipper’s Bowl, circle the Floral Dawns, and fly up to Yuqing, there is as yet no hope.

You are about to assist in overseeing kalpic fate, to take charge of the statutes of the Ten Heavens, to examine the mysterious name-registers, and to determine the ranks of the immortals; therefore you ought to receive this method in order to command the myriad numina. Now I transmit it to you; you must keep it secret and cultivate it.”

The Nine Dawn Perfected One (Jiuchen Zhenren) said that in cultivating the method of “flying steps,” one must bathe, observe a purification fast, and massage the body the day before. On the day itself, a star chart is arranged in the center of the courtyard according to the direction indicated by the handle of the Northern Dipper. Facing north, one then kneels at length, burns incense beneath the Mysterious Darkness Star (Xuanningxing, one of the nine stars), knocks the teeth thirty-six times, closes the eyes, and visualizes: the Year Star beside the left rib, the Great White Star beside the right rib, the Sparkling Confusion Star on the crown of the head, the Chronogram Star below the navel, and the Guardian Star at the heart.

Next one visualizes the nine stars covering the clothing and body. First the left hand is raised, the arm bent and placed atop the head to form the shape of the Northern Dipper. The Yang Brightness Star is visualized in the left palm, the Yin Essence Star on the left elbow, the Perfected One Star on the left breast, and the Mysterious Darkness Star at the heart. Because the Mysterious Darkness Star stands directly opposite the heart, incense is burned beneath it and a silent announcement is made within the heart so that the mind corresponds with the celestial images. Then the Cinnabar Prime Star is visualized on the right shoulder, the North Culmen Star on the right knee, the Heaven Pass Star on the instep of the right foot, the Assistant Star below the navel, and the Sustainer Star on the head.

When this is completed, the following incantation is recited in a low voice:

“Clad in the robe of the celestial Dipper, wearing a golden kerchief on the head, treading upon the Kui Star and the Gang Star, entering the Dipper Gate, paying court to the Perfected Ones and bowing to the Floriate Dawn. The twenty-eight lunar mansions encircle and cover my body, enabling me to ride emptiness and tread the void, flying aloft and departing.”

After the recitation, Qi (vital energy) is swallowed nine times, and the ritual concludes.

The right hand is then raised, the arm bent into the shape of the Northern Dipper and placed on the head. The Yang Brightness Star is visualized in the right palm, the Yin Essence Star on the right elbow, the Perfected One Star on the right breast, the Mysterious Darkness Star at the heart, the Cinnabar Prime Star on the left shoulder, the North Culmen Star on the left knee, the Heaven Pass Star on the instep of the left foot, the Sustainer Star beside the left moon, and the Assistant Star beside the right eye. Upon completion, the incantation is recited softly.

I ride the Gang Qi (vital energy) of Heaven, tread across the Nine Origins, ascend the Kui of the Dipper, and perform the steps of the flying immortals, thereby obtaining the Heart of Heaven and causing the myriad Shen (spirits) to obey my commands. I can conceal my traces and hide my form, transforming in countless ways. Should anyone dare to offend or test me, I imprison them within the Dipper Gate, sweep away all inauspiciousness, and make the orthodox Dao (the Way) manifest. On the left the fire bell appears, on the right the numinous banner gleams, their awesome radiance illuminating ten thousand li. I utter a long whistle, summoning the spirits to appear immediately before me. This is the incantation bestowed by the Jade Emperor, and none fails to take effect. When the recitation is complete, swallow the breath sixteen times.

Next, ride the Dipper and proceed, circling outside the Dipper stars while treading the hun and po positions of the Dipper lodges. Begin from the Tianshu star, facing the Yangming star; then ascend Tianxuan and Tianji, circling in sequence until reaching the Yinyuan star. After going back and forth three times in this manner, chant the “Chapter of Flying through Emptiness of the Three Caverns (Dongzhen/Dongxuan/Dongshen)” upon the Yinyuan star, then ascend the Yangming star. Subsequently visualize the form of the Lady, as described below.

The first star is Tianshu, which is the hun-spirit of the Yangming star. Tianshu is majestic yet unostentatious, luminous yet without shining forth; it lies deeply hidden in the Great Void, nine hundred twenty li in circumference, and faces the northwest gate of the Yangming star. This star is called the “Mysterious Upper True Imperial Lady of the Kui Essence of the Primordial Dipper Palace.” Her surname is Mingtong, her taboo name Yingxuan, and her true name Shangjing. She wears her hair in a flying-cloud Huatui chignon, with the remaining tresses hanging loosely to her waist. She is clad in a three-colored robe of purple, yellow, and azure, bound with a sash of nine bells. From her mouth she constantly exhales a cyan luminous Qi that she infuses into the Yangming star, causing its light to blaze brilliantly.

When cultivating the Dao of flying steps, first visualize this Lady’s surname, name, and appearance, then recite the incantation. In this way the hun-spirit becomes clear and upright, the bright star responds with delight, heavenly light shines through completely, and hun together with the shadow soar upward to the Morning Realm. Stand with both feet together upon the Tianshu star, facing the Yangming star; place the left hand over the heart and point the right hand toward the Yangming star. Knock the teeth nine times, swallow saliva nine times, hold the breath for three respirations, and then softly recite the incantation:

The Nine Stars of the Heavenly Consorts (the nine goddess-stars of the heavens) condense primordial Qi (vital energy) and coalesce into their true forms. The Seven Luminaries (the sun, moon, and the five planets of Metal, Wood, Water, Fire, and Earth) encircle and interweave, collectively called Jade Dawn (Yuchen). They receive from above the Huagai constellation, tread below upon the Dipper’s bowl (Doukui), ride the Tianji star, and fly across jade-like celestial terraces. Hun (ethereal soul), Jing (essence), Po (corporeal soul), Ling (numinous spirit), and the physical form unite to become immortal, protecting the primordial Qi so that it shares the longevity of the sun and moon, endures as long as heaven and earth, and transforms according to the cycles of time. The ladies rise together, soaring to the Nine Heavens, their forms naturally appearing. After the ritual concludes, hold the breath for three respirations; then the left foot steps onto the Tianxuan star, the right foot is brought even with the left, and breathing is resumed.

The second star, Tianxuan, is the Hun-Shen (soul-spirit) of the Yinjing star. The vision of the Tianxuan star is reflected from afar, luminous yet not dazzling, deeply concealed within the Great Void, spanning a circumference of five hundred and fifty li and facing the western gate of the Yinjing star. This star is called the Lady of the Upper Mysterious Sovereign of Empty Essence in the Palace of the Mysterious Dipper, surnamed Xuanjing, taboo name Yuboguang, true name Jingui. She wears her hair in a Flying Clouds Floriate Falling chignon, with remaining locks hanging to the waist; she is dressed in a flying brocade gauze skirt and a phoenix-embroidered brocade robe, fastened with a numinous-flying purple sash. From her mouth she constantly emits black radiant Qi, infusing it into the Yinjing star so that it manifests the brilliance of the stars.

When practicing the Dao (the Way) of Flying Steps, one should visualize this lady’s surname, taboo name, and appearance, standing with both feet upon the Tianxuan star and facing the Yinjing star: the left hand presses the heart, the right hand points toward the Yinjing star; knock the teeth nine times, swallow saliva nine times, hold the breath for nine respirations, then softly recite:

“O Spirit of the Mysterious Sovereign of the North, open upward the nine-layered Pure Realms; Jade Floras lie hidden and shine forth, the warp and weft of the stars interweave in the Purple Court. Today as I tread in flight, the myriad paths all become thoroughly illuminated; may the Hun and Po be clear, upright, and correctly aligned, securely attached to my bodily form, not allowing them to scatter, and together with me ascend the northern constellations. Absorb upward the mysterious Jing (essence), drink of the Jade Spring, undergo the transformations of the Nine Subtle, and protect the innate spiritual nature of life.”

Having recited this, hold the breath for three respirations; then the left foot steps onto the Tianji star, the right foot is brought even with the left, and breathing is resumed.

The third day is the Tianji star (one of the seven stars of the Big Dipper), corresponding to Yuquan, able to transform the nine wei and protect life together with the heavenly spirits. After reciting, hold the Qi (vital energy) three times, then step the left foot onto the Tianji star, bring the right foot up even with it, and circulate the Qi.

The Tianji star is the dwelling of the po Jing (essence) of the Zhenren star. Its radiance is vigorous yet unrevealed, luminous without glare, concealed within the Great Void, spanning seven hundred seventy li, and located at the southeastern gateway of the Zhenren star. The Shen (spirit) title of the Tianji star is “Lady Lingfei Yuanhuang of the Upper Jing Palace,” surnamed Changming, taboo name Huayun, true name Liuyan. She wears a Chenying precious crown, is clothed in flying-cloud bright-light brocade, and is girt with a Yaoshan flying-morning sash; from her mouth she constantly emits yellow Jing Qi that she infuses into the Zhenren star to augment its light.

When cultivating the Dao (the Way) of flying steps, visualize this lady’s surname, taboo name, and form while standing with both feet on the Tianji star and facing the Zhenren star. Place the right hand over the heart and point the left hand toward the Zhenren star, knock the teeth nine times, swallow the saliva nine times, hold the Qi twelve times, and softly recite the incantation:

Lingfei Yuanhuang, Zhenren among the nine stars, dwelling in the superior position, directing the circuit of Tianji, governing all heavens and inspecting every quarter below. The radiance of Xuanji turns to purple smoke. This day is auspicious, the Yellow Path unfolds, the moistening Qi spreads through the nine directions and bathes my body. I shall tread the Pace of Yu and fly, ascending into Di Chen, sharing longevity with the Emperor and enjoying the kalpa years forever.

After reciting, hold the Qi three times, then step the left foot onto the Tianquan star, bring the right foot even with the left, and circulate the Qi.

The fourth star, Tianquan, is formed from the po-jing of the Xuanming Star. The light of the Tianquan Star is faint and hazy; though subtle, it shines in mutual reflection with the Xuanming Star. Its faint radiance conceals itself and appears within the Great Void, stretching eight hundred li around and facing directly the eastern gate of the Xuanming Star.

The divine title of this star is “Divine Consort of Upper Numinosity of the Gangji Palace, Lady Hua Huang.” Her surname is Kaisheng, her taboo name is Yunming, and her true name is Yingguan. She wears a seven-tiered crown and a crimson gauze robe woven with phoenix patterns. She constantly emits red Jing-Qi from her mouth, pouring it into the Xuanming Star and making it shine brightly.

When practicing the Dao of flying steps, one should visualize Lady Hua Huang’s surname, names, and appearance, standing with both feet on the Tianquan Star and facing the Xuanming Star. Press the right hand to the heart and point the left hand toward the Xuanming Star. Knock the teeth nine times, swallow the saliva three times, hold the breath for three counts, and then softly recite the following prayer:

“Divine Consort of Upper Numinosity, honored as Hua Huang, you settle and guard the northern palace of the Floral Canopy. Jade maidens attend on your left, numinous youths guard on your right. You guide the lights of the Seven Jing and the Nine Hui, summoning true spirits for me, helping me tread the Heavenly Gang, so that my hun and po may together ascend into the Emperor’s Hall.”

When the prayer is finished, hold the breath for three counts, then step out with the left foot onto the Yuheng Star; next bring the right foot forward to stand even with the left, and regulate the breath evenly.

The fifth star, Yuheng, is the dwelling of the hun-spirit of the Danyuan star. Vast in size, it glows with a dim and dusky light; though the star body leaps and soars it remains unbright, hidden deep within the Great Void, measuring seven hundred and twenty li in circumference and facing directly toward the northeast gate of the Danyuan star.

The spirit-deity of this star is titled the Central Sovereign Lady of the Golden Canopy in the Northern Upper Jimin Official, surnamed Yuanfang, with taboo name Shenwu and true name Bo. She wears a Purple Dawn Flying Flower Crown and a nine-colored Guoyao divine-tiger jade-patterned robe. From her mouth she continually emits white luminous Qi (vital energy) that pours upon the Danyuan star, causing it to shine forth.

When cultivating the Dao of Flying Steps, visualize this lady’s surname, taboo name, and appearance. Plant both feet upon the Yuheng star, facing the Danyuan star. The right hand caresses the heart while the left points toward the Danyuan star. Knock the teeth three times, swallow the saliva three times, then hold the breath for three respirations and recite softly:

“Central Consort of Imperial Radiance, dwelling in the Upper Origin. The Nine Dipper stars release their brilliance, Jing-Qi (essence vital energy) illuminates the eight directions, flowing vapors densely rise and surge, dispersing numinous Qi to shine upon the Vermilion Lodge. Cause my hun and po souls to become spiritually luminous, united with Heaven and Earth, so that form and souls ascend together; riding emptiness and commanding the void, encircled by jade light, driving the cinnabar chariot and the purple chariot, flying northward to receive the secret heavenly scriptures.”

After reciting, hold the breath for three respirations. Then step out with the left foot onto the Kaiyang star, bring the right foot even with the left, and regulate the breath evenly.

The sixth star is Kaiyang, the po-spirit of the North Star. Kaiyang shines brightly yet serenely, its radiance prominent but not dazzling, discerning the obscure and subtle; it resides in the Great Void, extending seven hundred and seventy li in circumference. Positioned directly below the North Star, it opens the gate of the Northern Cavern.

The divine title of this star is “Lady Yuanhuang of Morning Splendor Peacefully Ascending in the Purple Pole Palace.” Her surname is Wangyuan, her name Genhua, and her true name Minghui. She wears a Jade Dawn Crown of Advancing Worthies, is clothed in a soaring-green feathered robe, has flowing-gold fire bells tied at her waist, and constantly emits green Jing (essence) Qi (vital energy) from her mouth, infusing it into the North Star so that the North Star displays bright radiance.

When cultivating the Dao (the Way) of Flying Steps, one should visualize this lady’s surname, personal name, and form: she wears the Jade Dawn Crown of Advancing Worthies, is clothed in a soaring-green feathered robe, has flowing-gold fire bells at her waist, and emits green Jing Qi from her mouth, infusing it into the North Star to make it luminous. During the visualization, stand with both feet upon Kaiyang, facing the North Star; press the left hand to the heart, point the right hand toward the North Star; knock the teeth three times, swallow the saliva five times, and hold the breath for five respirations. Then recite the following incantation in a low voice:

“The Lord God of the Nine Heavens is the progenitor of Yellow Flower. He rotates the Xuanji and commands the eight directions. Cause me to practice Flying Steps, treading upon the Heavenly Record and the Heavenly Net; coming and going in interlaced paths, moving vertically and horizontally according to the sequence of three and five. Cause me to penetrate the obscure and subtle realms of the eight directions, clad in a black-and-yellow feathered robe, riding a dragon-drawn jade chariot, flying through the Great Void, enjoying everlasting longevity equal to that of Heaven and Earth.”

Upon finishing the incantation, hold the breath for five respirations. Then step onto Yaoguang with the left foot, bring the right foot forward to stand together, and resume breathing.

The seventh Yaoguang star is the soul of the Tianguan star, known as Taiming. The radiance of Yaoguang revolves in the cavernous void, circling the Tianguan star in its course and dimly illuminating the Great Void over a span of nine hundred li. Above it corresponds to the southern gate of the Tianguan star; below it corresponds to the North Star. This star is also called the Jade Flower Numinous Empress of the Transporting Heavenly Palace. Her surname is Duyuan, her taboo name Zhonghui, and her true name Qiguang. She wears her hair in a flying-flower drooping-cloud chignon, the remaining tresses falling to her waist; she is dressed in a seven-colored night-luminous cloud-brocade skirt, draped with a nine-colored brocade cape, and holds the jade register of the awesome spirits of the Nine Heavens. From her mouth she emits red Jing (essence) Qi (vital energy), infusing it into the Tianguan star so that the star displays a magnificent glow.

When practicing the Way of Flying Steps (a visualization technique of pacing according to stellar positions), visualize the lady’s surname, name, and form. Place both feet upon the Yaoguang star, face the Tianguan star, press the heart with the left hand, and point toward the Tianguan star with the right. Knock the teeth nine times, swallow saliva nine times, hold the Qi for three breaths, then softly recite: “Heaven and Earth revolve, the seven lights shine with great brightness, circulating the nine Qi that correspond above to Yuqing. Within is a lady titled Flower Spirit. Mysterious light illuminates beyond the nine directions; not a trace of brightness fails to arise. This day is auspicious; pacing the Purple Court, may my hun and po souls settle and adhere to the body, transforming in the cavernous void, entering and exiting the nether gloom. Heaven and Earth move as one, enduring ten thousand kalpas without collapse. Protect me in becoming an immortal, ascending to the Upper Origin, sharing Jing with the Nine Dawn.”

After reciting, hold the Qi for seven breaths. Then step onto the Dongming star with the left foot, bring the right foot forward to join it, and resume breathing.

The Eighth Dongming Star is the hun-po jing-qi of the Fu Star, named Yangming. The radiance of the Dongming Star reflects back upon all the heavens, conveying brightness to the stellar lodges above and spreading it through the Great Void (Taixu), with a circling range of nine hundred and ninety li. In the heavens it corresponds to the southwestern gate of the Fu Star, located at the Liang position above the Heavenly Pass (Tianguan), and constitutes the radiance on the southern face of the North Pole (Beiji).

The divine title of this star is the Lady of Empty True Palace, Great Bright Constant Sovereign (Kongzhen Gong Taiming Changhuang Furen). Her surname is You Sheng, her taboo name Wu Yun, and her true name Kong Bian. She arranges her hair in a flying-cloud Huatui chignon, with the remaining long hair cascading to her waist, and wears a flying gauze patterned robe whose luster resembles precious jade. From her mouth she constantly emits the essence of cyan Qi, infusing it into the Fu Star so that the Fu Star remains perpetually bright.

When cultivating the Way of Flying Steps (Feibu zhi dao), one should visualize this lady’s surname, taboo name, and form while treading the feet upon the Dongming Star and facing the Fu Star. The right hand rests upon the heart, the left hand points toward the Shu Star. Knock the teeth nine times, swallow the saliva nine times, hold the breath for three respirations, then softly recite:

“Three and Five fly forth, Heaven and Earth open wide. The Nine Origins revolve the net, joining the knot at the Upper Capital. Heavenly Perfected scatter their numina, the myriad Daos overflow in prosperity. The Lady’s winding illumination, this day is auspicious and fine. Flying steps upon the Dipper’s hun, circling the jade net. Head crowned with the Floral Canopy, feet treading Constant Yang. Sporting with the Three Pure Ones at the Jade Pivot, transforming throughout the ten thousand directions. Preserving immortality in naturalness, enjoying boundless longevity.”

After recitation, hold the breath for twelve respirations, then tread with the left foot upon the Hidden Origin Star (Yinyuanxing), advance the right foot forward to close the stance, and resume breathing.

The ninth Hidden Origin Star (Yinyuan Xing, one of the nine stars of the Northern Dipper) is the luminous empty spiritual Qi (vital energy) manifested by the soul of the Bi Star. The Hidden Origin Star lies concealed beneath the Huagai constellation, drawing in its breath, its radiance hidden within the void; the surrounding star domain spans nine hundred and ninety li. Above, it corresponds to the southeast gate of the Bi Star.

This star is called the Supreme Empress of Empty Mystery Transforming Spirit of the Primordial Treasure Palace. Her surname is Mingtong, her name Wanxian, and her true name Changyang. She wears a flying-cloud seven-layered jade crown, clad in green-patterned brocade robes, with a nine-radiance night candle at her waist. From her mouth she exhales the Jing (essence) of black Qi, infusing it into the Bi Star so that the light of the hidden cavern shines forth brightly.

When cultivating the Dao of Flying Steps, one should visualize this lady’s surname, name, and form, bring both feet together, and stand at the position of the Hidden Origin Star facing the Bi Star: the left hand presses the heart, the right hand points toward the Bi Star. Knock the teeth twelve times, swallow a mouthful of saliva, hold the breath briefly, then softly recite the incantation:

“Ascend the Heavenly Outline, fly across the Feather Gate; enter and exit the Three Realms, conceal the bodily form; transform the appearance, divide the body into myriad forms; stabilize the heart-Shen (spirit), harmonize the Qi, refine the immortal soul; the entire body flies upward, wearing a brocade skirt; flowing bells interweave and hang down, adorned with tiger patterns; shout and rebuke the Five Emperors, ride the auspicious clouds; rise to the Northern Chronogram, pay homage to the Sovereign Lord.”

After reciting, hold the breath for a moment, then bring both feet together and stand upon the Tianshu Star. Then, using only one foot, walk back and forth in three circuits without further visualization or recitation. Once this ritual of pacing the Dipper soul is complete, cease visualization and recitation.

When first mounting the star position, walk it only once. After the three round-trip circuits are finished, return to the Tianshu Star, face the Yangming Star, and chant the three sections of the Wandering and Roaming Nine Dawn Feather Chapter. After reciting, ascend the Yangming Star within the stellar outline and continue the flying steps upward. The verses of the Feather Chapter are as follows:

The cloud-net hangs down from the edge of heaven, the Nine Dippers (the Northern Dipper and related constellations) suspended in the verdant Jade Void realm. Purple cloud canopies overlap upon the lofty heavenly ridges, while mysterious Jing (essence) and Qi (vital energy) illuminate the eight directions. Above are the Nine Dawn Guests (immortal perfected dwelling in the Nine Dawn heavenly realm), reciting secret scriptures. They fly with soaring steps through the northern Heavenly River, dwelling long between heaven and earth.

Harnessing the chariot reins, they mount the Mysterious Feather Terrace and fly to the place of the Nine Origins. There it is empty, numinous and profound, the cloud-net rising through space. Below are the Gatherers of the True (those seeking the path of cultivating perfection), who look up and behold the Jade Dawn Palace (the palatial residence of the Jade Dawn immortal perfected). They rise three times above the Yang Brightness and return nine times into the Cavern Wilderness, striding high to ascend the realm of the Imperial Venerable, chanting at length the words of the Dragon's Flight.

The Jade Empyrean reflects upon the north, with emerald hues faintly visible among branches like precious jade. The Nine Spirits Terrace appears from emptiness, its numinous light shining to the farthest places. The Heavenly Pass (celestial checkpoints of the heavenly realms) operates amid layers of profound darkness, having undergone many kalpa cycles (periods of cosmic transformation of heaven and earth). Mounting my chariot of feathered travel, I fly with soaring steps across the Weaver Girl River (the Heavenly River). Upholding the spiritual nature, I soar aloft to the realm of the Imperial Venerable, chanting at length the words of the Dragon's Flight.

The Jade Empyrean reflects upon the north, with emerald hues faintly visible among branches like precious jade. The Nine Spirits Terrace appears from emptiness, its numinous light shining to the farthest places. The Heavenly Pass operates amid layers of profound darkness, having undergone many kalpa cycles. Mounting my chariot of feathered travel, I fly with soaring steps across the Weaver Girl River. Upholding the spiritual nature, causing body and mind to constantly transform, forever forgetting the myriad affairs between heaven and earth.

These three chapters originate from the Jade Clarity Upper Palace (a high-level heavenly palatial residence in Daoism). The Nine Yang Jade Youths and Nine Floriate Jade Maidens, these immortal perfected, regularly recite them above the Flowery Dawn, causing the physical form and hun-Shen (spirit) to coordinate and flow unobstructed with each other, and opening the numinous authenticity in the profound passes and apertures.

To practice the Dao (the Way) of “Flying Steps of the Seven Origins and Walking the Nine Stars,” one must master this song-chapter. Without it, one must not presumptuously ascend the Heavenly Outline (the regulating framework of the celestial stars) nor tread upon the Mysterious Dipper (the stars of the Northern Dipper region). If one rashly violates this, the Nine Stars will seize the practitioner’s hun and po souls and imprison them beneath the Dipper Outline, causing the person to go mad and lose all composure, to become enraged and act wildly, and within three years they will lose their life. This is not because the Great Dao is unwilling to let people attain immortality, but because people have failed to understand the profound source of the Great Dao. This being so, how can one rashly cultivate without first studying it carefully?

The Nine Stars are the root of the Nine Heavens and also the luminous, pure Jing (essence) of Yuqing (Jade Clarity, a high celestial realm spoken of in Daoism). The Nine Hun souls are the numinous brightness of the Nine Stars. People of the world know only the marvel of treading the Seven Stars, yet they do not know that the hun and po of the Nine Stars possess a nature of supreme numinosity. It is not that the Seven Stars are unwilling to convey a person up onto the star-dipper; rather, the person’s hun-Shen (spirit) fears the numinous po of the Dipper stars and dares not follow the person in soaring aloft.

Those who wish to cultivate the Dao of Flying Steps should understand the hun and po of the Dipper stars, as well as the inner names of the Nine Sovereign Ladies (the nine stellar goddess consorts)—the secret oral formula “Kongchang.” If one practices according to the charts, how could one fail to fly up to the Northern Origin (the northern celestial realm) and pay homage to Huachen (the immortal true ones of heaven)? Yet this Dao is lofty, profound, and mysterious; it is a secret method treasured in Yuqing and not lightly transmitted, so even among middle-rank immortals few have obtained it. Those who understand this method will find the Nine Stars manifesting brightness within the body, the Nine Sovereign Ladies descending before the seat, the Dipper hun souls moved to rejoice, and the assembled Shen together supporting and protecting the practitioner as they ascend into the Inner Palace of the Nine Origins.

Yangming Star is the Grand Marshal of Heaven, in charge of governmental affairs, discerning faults, and commanding all the true immortals of the Nine Heavens.

The Yangming Star is the Grand Marshal of the celestial realm, in charge of administrative affairs and the investigation of faults. Above, it commands the Superior Perfected of the Nine Heavens; in the middle, it supervises the Flying Immortals of the Five Marchmounts; below, it governs the Perfected Ones among later students cultivating the Dao (the Way). The merits and faults of all spirits between heaven and earth, whether slight or grave, great or small, fall entirely under its authority.

This star is nine hundred and twenty li across and is formed entirely of glazed glass and crystal. Jade trees bearing cyan fruits grow within it, and golden-winged crows perch among their branches. Azure Essence Jade Zhi also arises spontaneously on the trees; a single mouthful extends one’s lifespan by ninety thousand years. The star has nine gates and four rays of light whose radiance illuminates nine trillion li.

A Jade Tower of the Azure Citadel stands upon the star, the dwelling of the Lord of the Nine Dawns. He is titled “Lord of the Nine Dawns of the Jade Tower of the Azure Citadel in the Palace of the Most High.” His surname is Shangyun, his taboo name Fayingrong, and his courtesy name Dongdongyang Yaotianchui. He wears a jade crown of the Nine Dawns, a robe of azure feathers, and holds the Mysterious Chart of the Dipper while seated inside the jade tower.

If a practitioner possesses a jade register that records this lord’s mysterious name, they should know the inner taboo name of the Lord of the Nine Dawns. Those who know the inner taboo name can induce the Jade Dawn to shine downward and the Bright Star to descend. Cultivating this Dao enables one to fly through the Great Void and ascend within the nine gates.

When practicing the Way of Flying Steps, first visualize the Yangming Star. Place the right hand over the heart, point the left hand toward the northeast of the sky, hold the breath for nine respirations, knock the teeth nine times, and swallow saliva three times. Then close the eyes and visualize the surname, taboo name, and form of the Lord of the Nine Dawns so that he manifests upon the Yangming Star. Softly recite the prayer, saying:

The Flying Heaven Nine Dawns (spirits who ascend into the celestial realms and preside over the Nine Dawns) dwell on high in the Mysterious Dipper. Their awesome might shakes the eight directions; they administer decrees and inspect faults. Today, as the flying-step method is performed, the ten thousand ways will all be opened through, the Nine Perfected will appear together, and Heaven and Earth will revolve. The plots of ghosts and spirits will be eradicated, those who rebel will be crushed; all who violate the Three Bonds (the principles that sustain the order of Heaven and Earth) will be punished, and the vital fortune of those who go against the Dao (the Way) will decline. Divine spirits will come to protect, enabling one to enjoy lofty blessings in accordance with Heaven’s will.

The bones transform and the physical form flies upward. Hands grasp the Seven Bonds, feet tread the Nine Doors, rising like clouds that spread rain, and one ascends to Taiwei (the name of a heavenly palace). After the ritual is finished, one circles the Yangming Star nine times to the left, then stands facing the Ghost Gate (the direction leading to the netherworld), holding the breath for three respirations. Next, the left foot is placed upon the Yinjing Star, the right foot advances and lands on the Yinjing Star, after which breathing is resumed.

The Yinjing Star is the high minister of Heaven, in charge of salaries and official positions: above it oversees the celestial constellations, below it governs the myriad spirits and those who study immortality. The fates and ranks of both cultivators of the Dao and ordinary people all come under its jurisdiction. The star measures five hundred and fifty li in circumference and is composed entirely of colored glaze and crystal. Inside there are jade trees bearing black fruit, the nesting place of golden-winged birds; mysterious zhi mushrooms and jade nectar also arise spontaneously, and eating a single mouthful can increase one’s lifespan by fifty thousand years.

Upon the star there are five gates, each emitting four rays of light that illuminate nine hundred million li. There stands a five-colored jade tower on the star. The Perfected One Who Climbs the Dipper is called the “Lord of the Northern Upper Dawn of the Five-Colored Jade Tower in the Palace of the Central Prime.” His surname is Yuying, his taboo personal name is Xuanshangpin, and his courtesy name is Changyang Wenji Mingguang. He wears a mysterious-essence jade crown, a flying robe of mysterious feathers, holds a five-colored feathered staff, and sits inside the jade tower. All those who have a mysterious name (whose names are registered in the celestial registers) …

Those who cultivate the Vermilion Terrace must first know the inner name (the secret hidden name) of the Lord of Upper Dawn (Shangchen Jun). Once this is known, the Qi (vital energy) of the north can be made to shine downward, bringing the mysterious descent of Yinjing (the star-qi associated with the moon and yin energy). Practicing this method of the Dao enables one to fly through the great void and enter within the Five Gates.

When cultivating the art of flying steps, first stand upon the Yinjing star, pointing the left hand toward one’s natal direction and pressing the right hand upon the heart. Hold the breath for five respirations, click the teeth five times, and swallow the saliva five times. Then close the eyes and visualize the name and form of the Northern Lord of Upper Dawn, remaining standing on the Yinjing star, and recite softly:

“Mysterious dawn star, spirit of the north, the five Qi rise and become essence. The form conceals itself within the Six Records, the heart stores the Luminous Star. Sun and moon shine upon each other, the Three Luminaries order the bodily form. Today is an auspicious day; we pace the stellar net of the Purple Court, open the Heavenly Gate, receive the blessings of the Vermilion Spirit, enjoy endless longevity, and obtain honored rank and glory. All wishes mutually protect one another, and wherever one goes is fortunate and successful. Riding the Floral Canopy we soar, roaming Jade Purity, presenting ourselves at the court of the Northern Dawn Lord, as nine true immortals arrive together by carriage.”

After reciting, turn left five circles while remaining on the Yinjing star, then stand facing one’s natal direction and hold the breath three times. Next step onto the Bi star with the left foot, bring the right foot together beside it, and resume breathing. One must not tread upon the Zhenren star, but only upon the Bi star.

The Zhenren Star is the Sikong Star of the heavens, charged with administering the affairs of immortals and spirits. Above, it commands the exalted Zhenren of the Nine Heavens; in the middle, it oversees the numinous immortals of the Five Sacred Peaks; below, it governs those who cultivate the Dao. Thus all true immortals fall under its jurisdiction.

This star stretches for seven hundred and seventy li and is formed of colored glaze and crystal. Jade trees bearing yellow fruits grow within it and serve as the nesting place of the Golden-Winged Birds. Huangjing and jade mushrooms also arise spontaneously there; even a single bite can extend one’s lifespan by thirty million years. Twelve gates stand upon the star, each emitting four rays of light that illuminate a distance of nine hundred million li.

A Yellow Terrace Jade Tower rises on the star, inhabited by a Zhenren titled “Lord Huachen, Presiding Immortal of the Yellow Terrace Jade Tower in the Palace of True Origin.” His surname is Gui, his taboo personal name Miaoyinguang, and his courtesy name Tongdu Yuandu Ningzhi. He wears a Flying Dawn Precious Crown, is clad in a green-feather flying robe, holds the green register from the Dipper, and sits within the jade tower. Practitioners of the Dao whose immortal names have been registered in the Mysterious Names of Fangzhu should know Lord Huachen’s inner taboo name. Once that inner name is known, Lord Huachen will send down his radiance from the heavens and the Zhenren will descend in quiet mystery. Cultivating this method enables one to fly through the Great Void and ascend into the Twelve Registers.

When practicing the method of flying steps, one must not tread upon the Zhenren Star but should bring both feet together and stand upon the Bi Star; this is the pacing method known as “Reposing under the Floral Canopy.”

The True Lord of the Northern Elder said: “If you wish to rise into the air, do not offend the Zhenren (Perfected Ones); if you wish to fly, do not violate the Heavenly Outline (Tiangang); if you wish to become an immortal, you should pay homage to Huachen. When practicing the Dao, avoid the Zhenren star, stand upon the Bi star, pay homage to the Zhenren, face Huachen, and pray to fly into the void.

The Bi star is also called ‘Kong’ (Emptiness), and the Fu star is also called ‘Chang’ (Constancy). ‘Chang’ means constancy and manifestation; ‘Kong’ means concealment. These secret names must not be transmitted casually to others. They can be transmitted under the Huachen star, using a sheep and a crow as the offering to Heaven, after tearing a piece of plain silk and making a vow. After receiving these secret names, visualize them in the heart and practice accordingly; if rashly leaked, seven generations of ancestors will suffer the knife-wind punishment.

When performing the practice, stand on the Bi star, right hand on the heart, left hand pointing northwest, hold the breath nine times, knock the teeth nine times, swallow saliva nine times. Close the eyes, visualize the surname, secret name, and appearance of Huachen Jun, the Lord who presides over immortals, and contemplate yourself standing on the Zhenren star. Then softly recite the incantation:

‘The Grand Tenuity communicates with the Perfected, Bi and Fu with Huachen. Exhale and shine forth the Nine Jing (essences), condense Qi (vital energy) into purple mist. Flying rosy clouds flow and reflect, radiance lights up the Ten Heavens. Above, regulate the Primordial Balance; below, embrace the divine immortals. Today I take flying steps, requesting to pay homage to the Zhenren: first, seek to travel in emptiness; second, beg to hide the body; third, wish to ascend to the Northern Flank; fourth, wish to put on the dragon robe, drape the brocade cape and green skirt, ride the Eight Luminaries, float and wander the Nine Mysteries, so as to enter the heavenly lodges and ride with the Heavenly Emperor.’

After reciting, circle left around the Bi star seven times, face the Zhenren, hold the breath three times; then with the left foot step toward Xuanming (the dark northern realm), the right foot follows and closes together, then resume breathing.”

Xuanming Star is the guerrilla star of the heavens, charged with suppressing rebellions. Above it commands the ghosts and spirits of the Nine Heavens, in the middle it directs the Three Officials of the Northern Emperor (the three divine officials under the Heavenly Emperor of the North), and below it oversees the myriad people. All who rebel, prove disloyal, or raise violent disorder fall under its authority.

The star measures eight hundred li around, its body like glazed glass and crystal. Jade trees bearing red fruit grow upon it and serve as the nesting place of golden-winged birds; cinnabar mushrooms and flowing gems also arise there of themselves. A single mouthful bestows a lifespan of eighty million years.

Three gates stand on the star, each sending forth four rays of light that illuminate nine hundred million li. A vermilion terrace and jade tower rise there, home to a Perfected One who emerged from the Dipper constellation and is titled the Mysterious Superior Flying Canopy Dawn Lord of the Vermilion Terrace Jade Tower in Niuyou Palace. His surname is Mingshu, his given name Dingxuanjue, and his style Faming Dubo Tianzhu. He wears the Three Flowers Precious Dawn crown, is clad in vermilion brocade flying robes, holds the Staff of Commanding Spirits, and sits within the jade tower.

Anyone whose mysterious name appears on the jade register (that is, who is entered in the roster of mysterious immortals) must know the inner secret name of the Flying Canopy Dawn Lord. Those who know this name can call down the Flying Canopy, and the Qi (vital energy) of Xuanming will descend as well. Cultivating this method of the Dao enables one to fly through the vast emptiness and enter the three gates.

To practice the Dao of flying steps, first visualize yourself standing upon Xuanming Star with the right hand pressed to the heart and the left hand pointing to the sky. Hold the breath for nine respirations, knock the teeth three times, swallow the saliva three times, then close the eyes and contemplate the surname, given name, and form of the Flying Canopy Dawn Lord. While holding the visualization of standing on the star, softly recite: The heavenly perfected one walks the Dao, treading the scenes and concealing the form. The left hand points to heaven; hold the breath for nine respirations, knock the teeth three times, swallow the fluid three times, close the eyes and contemplate the surname, secret name, and image of the Flying Canopy Dawn Lord, remaining standing on Xuanming Star, then softly utter the incantation:

The true spirits of Heaven practice the Dao (the Way), treading upon light and shadow to conceal their forms. The starlight of the Seven Primes appears, and the gods of the Nine Dawns gather as one. They hold the Heavenly Balance and tread the flying stars, with auxiliary spirits in fiery armor on the left and vermilion soldiers guarding on the right. Their majesty shakes the ten directions of the heavens, and radiance streams throughout the Highest Clarity. First they slay those who plot against the Orthodox Dao, then they suppress demons and evil spirits; all who dare offend the Orthodox Dao are cut down by the blade. Under the command of the Three Gangs, every spirit obeys. The spirits transform as they come and go, freely roaming the Flowery Court; treading emptiness they fly straight to the abode of the Imperial Spirit.

After the ritual concludes, turn left three times, face Heaven and hold the breath for three respirations; then step the left foot onto the Danyuan Star, bring the right foot forward to close together, and afterwards circulate the breath.

The Danyuan Star is the Dipper Lord of the celestial realm, overseeing the registers of life: above it governs the genealogical registers of the Nine Heavens, in the middle the name-lists of ghosts and spirits, and below the life registers of those who cultivate the Dao and of all living beings, commanding every affair of Heaven and Earth. The Danyuan Star measures seven hundred and twenty li around and is covered everywhere with lapis lazuli and crystal. Within the star grow red trees that bear white fruit, the nesting place of golden-winged birds. Naturally arising there is an ointment refined from golden essence; a single mouthful grants a lifespan of seventy thousand years.

The Danyuan Star has seven gates, each emitting four rays of light that illuminate nine hundred million li. Upon the star stands a plain terrace and golden tower inhabited by the True Person Who Treads the Records, titled “True Person Who Treads the Records of the Plain Terrace and Golden Tower in the Palace of the Gang Spirits, Golden Chief Lord of the Seven Dawns.” His surname is Shangkai, his taboo name Mingtongguang, and his courtesy name Zhuhuan Yuanbian Wudao. He wears a flying-heaven crown of the Seven Treasures, a flying skirt of white brocade, holds the azure-prime registers, and sits within the golden tower.

If a cultivator of the Dao possesses a mysterious name at Kun Terrace (enrolled in the immortal registers of Daoism), they ought to know the inner taboo names of the Lord of the Seven Dawns. Those who know the inner names will receive the descending radiance of the gods of the Seven Dawns, and the mysterious Qi (vital energy) of the Danyuan Star will likewise descend. Cultivating this Dao enables one to fly through the Great Void and ascend into the seven gates of the Danyuan Star.

In cultivating the Dao of flying steps, first visualize yourself standing upon the Danyuan Star: the right hand resting on the heart, the left hand pointing toward the Heavenly Pass. Hold the breath for seven respirations, knock the teeth three times, swallow saliva three times, then close the eyes and visualize the surname, taboo name, and form of the Lord of the Seven Dawns. Afterwards, softly recite the invocation, saying:

Treading forward according to the sequence of the stars, one ascends to the Danyuan position, riding the Kui star (the first of the seven stars of the Big Dipper) to descend among the constellations and calling upon the destiny soul and the dipper soul. The entries recorded in the death register are reduced, while the life register is commanded to add and extend the allotted years; the green slips and white slips (symbolizing the ledgers that record life and death) stand clearly distinguished, and when the three are united one may attain the Dao. Thereupon the span of years grows long, one peacefully enjoys blessings and longevity, the countenance remains forever youthful, the body becomes light as if flying, riding upon the cloud Qi (vital energy), clad in immortal garments and feathered robes, the flowing bells held in the hands ringing out, five-colored radiance shining brilliantly, as one rises into the Seven Gates (the gate-towers of the heavenly realm).

When the ritual is concluded, one returns to the stellar position, revolving seven times upward and then turning toward the Heavenly Pass (the closed gate of the heavenly realm); the breath is held through seven respirations, after which the left foot turns toward the Northern Culmen, the right foot advances to bring the feet together, and breathing is then restored.

The Polar Star is honored as the “Tai Chang of Heaven” (an important celestial body of the heavenly realm). It oversees promotions and rank advancements: above, it commands the Zhenren of the Nine Heavens; in the middle, it commands the flying immortals of the Five Sacred Mountains; below, it governs the bodies and lives of those who cultivate the Dao (the Way). For all who diligently practice and attain the Dao, whichever immortal rank they enter is under its overall administration.

Around the Polar Star lies an expanse of seven hundred and seventy li, surrounded entirely by liuli glaze and crystal. There stands a black tree that bears white fruits, the nesting place of the golden-winged bird. Mysterious fungi and water gems grow naturally upon the tree; a single mouthful extends one’s lifespan by fifty thousand years.

Upon the star there are eight gates, each emitting four rays of light that illuminate nine hundred million li. Above the gates stands a mysterious terrace and jade tower, inhabited by a Zhenren who paces the Dipper, titled “the Northern Dawn Flying Flower Lord of the Mysterious Terrace Jade Tower in Jiming Palace.” His surname is Mingling, his secret name Changminghua, his style Yuanyuan Yuanchang Shangyuan. He wears a flying-essence flower crown, is clad in purple brocade flying robes, holds the jade registers of the Nine Dippers, and sits within the jade tower.

If a cultivator has their name recorded in the immortal registers of the Golden Terrace, they ought to know the inner secret name of the Flying Flower Lord. Once known, the Flying Flower Lord will manifest and shine down, and the mysterious spiritual Qi (vital energy) of the North Pole will also descend. Those who cultivate this way can fly through the great void and ascend within the eight gates.

To practice the way of flying steps, first stand upon the Polar Star with the right hand stroking the heart and the left hand pointing toward the Golden Gate. Hold the breath for eight respirations, knock the teeth three times, swallow the saliva three times, then close the eyes and visualize the surname, personal name, and form of the Flying Flower Lord. Next knock the teeth, stand upon the North Pole, and softly recite the incantation:

“The heavenly Dao operates through three and five, the primordial Qi revolves. Treading flying steps, I ascend the Floral Canopy, drive the Northern Dipper, and ride the dawn light. Let my destiny enter the immortal registers, to wander and roam amid the clouds and mists. This day is greatly auspicious; I aspire to the way of the immortals. Please inscribe my name upon the jade slips and engrave the characters in the purple immortal chapters. Bestow upon me blue-green garments and feathered robes, cinnabar capes and brocade skirts; grant me the eight-scene cinnabar carriage to carry me aloft to heaven and mount the pavilion. Let me be ranked among the immortal ministers and become a lord of the northern heavenly realm. May all that I pray for be fulfilled as spoken.”

After reciting the incantation, face the Polar Star and turn the body eight times, then turn toward the west and hold the breath for eight respirations. Step the left foot toward the Heavenly Pass, bring the right foot forward to close together, then resume breathing.

The Star of the Heavenly Pass is the star of the Supreme Emperor in Heaven, governing the pivotal mechanism of the movements of Heaven and Earth and functioning like the succession of the four seasons. Praying to it and reciting incantations will cause whatever is sought to be fulfilled as desired. After the ritual ends, turn eight times toward the star above, then face west and hold the breath for eight respirations; place the left foot on the position of the Star of the Heavenly Pass, step the right foot forward to join it, and resume breathing.

The Star of the Heavenly Pass is the star of the Supreme Emperor in Heaven, governing the pivotal mechanism of Heaven and Earth’s operations. It also oversees the generative transformations of the four seasons as well as the prosperity and decline (rise and fall, favorable and adverse conditions) of Heaven and Earth and the kalpic assemblies (kalpic destinies and cycles). All these changes fall under its jurisdiction. The star measures nine hundred li across and is surrounded entirely by lapis lazuli and crystal; within it grow Three Splendor Trees bearing five-colored fruits, a roosting place for golden-winged birds. Nine-flavored numinous paste arises there of itself; taking a single mouthful causes the body to emit nine-colored radiance and allows a lifespan of ninety thousand years.

On the star stands a gate from which nine rays of light stream forth, gathering the Qi (vital energy) of the Nine Heavens, the blaze illuminating nine hundred million li. Upon the gate rise nine-story jade towers in which dwells a True Person riding a dragon, titled the Kaihui Palace Nine-Story Jade Tower Cloud-Controller Nine Origins Northern Cover Dawn Lord. His surname is Xuanshu, his given name Zhuanguang, and his courtesy name Huiyuan Zhongming Tiantu. He wears a Nine Origins jeweled crown, is clad in nine-colored brocade robes, holds the Seal of the Radiant Spirit, and sits upright within the jade tower.

If a person’s immortal register is recorded in the Jade Registers of the Charts of the Nine Heavenly Emperors, that person ought to know the inner taboo name of the Northern Cover Dawn Lord. Knowing this name, the Northern Cover Dawn Lord will send down illumination from the upper realms and the mysterious power of the Heavenly Pass will also descend. Those who cultivate this Dao may thereby fly through the Great Void and ascend into the gate.

When practicing the Dao of Flying Steps, one should, while on the Star of the Heavenly Pass, press the left hand upon the heart, point the right hand toward the Earth Door, hold the breath for one respiration, knock the teeth three times, and swallow saliva three times. Close the eyes and visualize the surname, given name, and form of the Northern Cover Dawn Lord as if he were standing upon the Star of the Heavenly Pass, then recite the incantation:

The celestial bodies revolve, and the guiding principles of heaven and earth turn in accordance with them. The nine kinds of numinous Qi (vital energy) circulate and interact with one another, while the Three Origins and the Five Phases (Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, Water) shift and succeed each other. The seven lodges of the four directions are arrayed across the heavens, and the Celestial Emperors of the five directions come and go on their circuits. I receive the mysterious Dao (the Way) and walk upon emptiness, ascending to the Jade Pivot (the hub of the celestial lodges). Clad in the Dipper lodges and treading upon the Dipper lodges, I hold a flowing bell in my hand and display awesome dignity. Those who follow me obtain good fortune; those who oppose me fall into decline. I travel through the realm of celestial truth, with ten thousand li of open expanse before me. My body soars into the azure heavens, my hun and po souls rise, my physical form flies aloft, departing from kalpic destinies and ascending into Taiwei (the Grand Tenuity, a celestial palace). After the ritual is completed, I circle once in the stellar positions, then return to the Earth Door (the terrestrial directional position). Holding the breath for one respiration, I turn my left foot to step upon the three stars of the Fu star, then bring my right foot together, and resume breathing.

The Fu star is the star where the Celestial Worthy Jade Emperor resides, named “Chang.” “Chang” means constant yang, and it governs the affairs of flying immortals: above, it rules over the Nine Heavens; below, it commands the Nine Earths. The Five Marchmounts, the Four Waterways (the four great rivers), and the official ranks of gods and immortals are all under its jurisdiction. The star itself measures nine hundred ninety li in circumference and is covered with lapis lazuli and crystal. Within it grows a Green Flower Tree that naturally produces characters of the nine tones. On the tree there are green birds as well as three-legged crows, and it also yields natural lapis lazuli fungal blossoms. Consuming even a single mouthful enables one to ascend to the true realm together with the Jade Emperor.

The Fu star possesses eight gates that communicate with the Qi of the eight directions. Each gate emits four rays of light, whose flames illuminate the Nine Heavens. Inside the star stands a Purple Qi Jade Tower, within which the Three Destiny Perfected Ones wander. This palace is called the “Purple Qi Jade Tower in the Emperor’s Seat Palace.” The Emperor Worthy therein is named Lord of the Nine Dawns, with the surname Jingchang, the given name Changwuci, and the style name Xuanziezi Kongzheng Shang Kaiyan. He wears a Flying Essence Jade Crown, is dressed in a nine-colored robe, holds a fire bell in his hand, and sits upright within the Jade Tower.

If a practitioner possesses a mysterious name in Shangqing (Highest Clarity, a high Daoist heaven) and is able to know the inner taboo name (the secret name of the deity) of the Emperor Worthy, then the Emperor Worthy will descend to shine upon him, and the Fu star will also mysteriously descend. Those who cultivate this method are able to fly through the great void and ascend within the eight gates.

When cultivating the way of flying steps, one should stand upon the Fu star, press the right hand against the heart, and point the left hand toward the Yinghuo star (Mars). Hold the breath for three respirations, knock the teeth three times, swallow the saliva three times, then close the eyes and visualize the surname, name, and form of the Emperor Worthy remaining stationed upon the Fu star. Then softly recite the incantation:

When Heaven and Earth conjoin and overlay one another, attune and connect the Three Destinies (cultivation elements related to life and spirits) so they communicate with the numinous Qi. Step upward onto the Fu star, right hand stroking the heart and left hand pointing toward the Yinghuo star (Mars). Hold the breath three times, knock the teeth three times, and swallow the saliva three times; close the eyes and visualize in the mind the taboo name and image of the Imperial Worthy, remaining aware of standing on the Fu star, then softly recite the incantation:

Heaven and Earth conjoin and overlay, the Three Destinies connect with the numinous; stepping upward to the celestial lodges, flying among the Nine Stars. The left hand holds the Hidden Book (secret talismanic writings), the right hand grasps the Feather Scripture (scripture related to feathered transformation and ascent); paying homage to the Imperial Worthy and receiving the name bestowed by the Imperial Worthy, one may cross the Huagai star and soar into the Purple Court (the heavenly palace). Today, in practicing the methods of the Dao, all manner of auspicious blessings gather, the fortune obtained is profound and lofty, and one enjoys eternal longevity; the body generates feathers and ascends to Shangqing (the high-level heavenly realm of Daoism).

When the incantation is finished, circle three times on the star position, then face south and hold the breath three times; turn the left foot, step back onto the Bi star, then advance the right foot to bring the feet together, and restore the breath.

The Bi Star is the true star of the Great Emperor (Taidi), named “Emptiness” (Kong). What is called “Emptiness” means that it frequently conceals itself from view and governs transformations without bound or direction. The star measures nine hundred ninety li in circumference and is formed of glazed glass and crystal. Within it stands a Tree of Three Flowers that spontaneously produces the Jade Chapters of the Nine Heavens; a golden-beaked phoenix perches upon the tree, holding a fire bell in its mouth. From the tree itself radiates the natural brilliance of the Seven Luminaries. If one succeeds in tasting even a single mouthful, one may ascend together with the Great Emperor into the realm of perfection.

The Bi Star has nine gates that communicate with the Nine Heavens. Each gate sends forth four rays of light that illuminate the boundless, infinite space beyond the eight directions. Inside the star are jade terraces and purple palaces through which the Perfected One of the Three Yangs comes and goes. He is titled the “Jade-Tower Purple-Binding Emperor-True Primordial-Dawn Lord of the Palace of the Supreme Honored One,” surnamed Youkong, with the taboo personal name Kongwuxian and the courtesy name Yinyuan Jueming Yanghui Youliaowu. He wears a soaring-heaven jade crown, is clad in the dragon robes of the Nine Heavens, holds the imperial chapter in his hand, and sits upright within the purple hall.

If a person’s mysterious name has been registered among the Nine Heavens and one has learned the inner taboo name of the Emperor-True (the secretly transmitted name of the divinity), one can hide the physical form and conceal the body. By cultivating this method one may fly and ascend within the nine gates.

When practicing the method of flying steps, one should stand upon the Bi Star: the right hand stroking the chest, the left hand pointing toward the North Star (Beichen). Hold the breath for five respirations, knock the teeth three times, swallow saliva seven times, then close the eyes and visualize the surname, taboo name, and appearance of the Emperor-True Primordial-Dawn Lord. Afterward, step back and stand upon the Bi Star, reciting softly:

Unite oneself with the three subtle Qi (vital energy) and rise to attain the True amid the profound mystery of empty space. Passing in and out between ordinary realms and the void, one leaves the physical form, proceeds through the Heavenly Pass, and floats and soars in the farthest reaches of the eight directions, riding purple cloud Qi to fly above the Nine Heavens in transformations without limit. Roaming the Northern Cover, one calls upon Gouchen (a stellar deity). Whatever is sought or wished for cannot fail to be fulfilled; lifespan equals that of heaven and earth, and youth remains constant.

When the recitation is finished, rotate five times at the star position and return to the Beichen star (Polaris). Hold the breath for seven respirations, turn both feet to the left, and stand together once more on the Yangming star. From the Yangming star, walk alone according to the Yu Bu (the ritual pacing of Daoism) while calling upon Gouchen. Whatever is sought or wished for cannot fail to be fulfilled; lifespan equals that of heaven and earth, and youth remains constant.

When the recitation is finished, rotate five times at the star position and return to the Beichen star. Hold the breath for seven respirations, turn both feet to the left, and stand together once more on the Yangming star. From the Yangming star, perform the Yu Bu alone, circling the nine stars back and forth nine times before stopping; there is no further need to visualize or recite incantations.

When this is complete, return to sit evenly on the Bi star and lie supine to rest beneath the Huagai (a stellar mansion or the heavenly canopy visualized in the rite). Visualize, as before, the Nine Chen (morning deities of the Nine Heavens) covering the clothed body. Close the eyes and see oneself within crimson cloud Qi, riding the Tian Gang (the net of celestial motion or stellar power) to ascend into the air, arriving at the gate of the Nine Heavens and revolving nine times with the Tian Gang. Upon finishing, feel as though the body has fallen from the air and sit once more upon the star chart. Rub the eyes nine times with the hands, press and knead the corners of both eyes nine times, then perform the Great Circumpolar Incantation, knock the teeth nine times, look northwest, and recite: “High and Supreme Nine Numina, August Sovereign Hua Lord, who command and gaze upon the heavenly asterisms, revolving the sun, moon, and stars...” Then return to sit properly on the star chart, again rub the eyes nine times with the hands, press and knead the corners of both eyes nine times, perform the Great Circumpolar Incantation, knock the teeth nine times, and look northwest to recite the incantation.

The High Sovereign Ninefold Spirits (the deities above the Nine Heavens) and the August Sovereign Huajun (the exalted celestial deity) command the constellations of heaven, set in motion the sun, moon, and stars, transform the four seasons, and cause the Qi (vital energy) of the Five Phases (Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, Water) to transform and generate the Dao of immortality. Today as I cultivate this method, I issue a universal command to the myriad spirits, together with the Five Marchmounts, the Four Waterways (the water deities of the four great rivers), the numinous mountains everywhere, and the officials of Heaven, Earth, and Water, to jointly guard my carriage. The sun emits flashes of lightning, the Qi of the Six Yin exhales clouds and mist; fierce beasts are driven away and the myriad sprites flee in all directions. Poisonous dragons devour ghosts and demons, and the roots of evil are pacified. Those who plot against me shall receive punishment; those who offend me shall suffer distress. Those who cherish me shall enjoy longevity; those whose hearts turn toward me shall attain immortality.

I wear the numinous registers and carry upon my person the Seven Origins (the star deities symbolized by the seven stars of the Northern Dipper). Flowing golden radiance and fire bells illuminate my entire body. I wear the floral canopy upon my head, tread upon auspicious clouds, hold celestial Jing (essence) in my mouth, and grasp the Heavenly Pass (the portal of the celestial realm) in my hand. I constantly transform within the void, dividing and uniting without number; the powers of Metal, Wood, Water, Fire, and the rest are naturally accomplished. I tread the Pace of Yu (walking according to a specific ritual gait in Daoist ceremonies), linger among the Nine Gates, enter and exit the Three Pure Ones (Sanqing, the realms inhabited by the three highest celestial deities venerated in Daoism), causing Heaven and Earth to endure forever. After the ritual concludes, knock the teeth three more times and swallow saliva fourteen times, and all is complete. The Dao of the Nine Dawns ends here.

To cultivate the Dao of the Nine Dawns, one should do so in the first, seventh, and fourth months... (the original text here repeats the concluding formula of the preceding ritual)... knock the teeth three more times and swallow saliva fourteen times, and all is complete. The Dao of the Nine Dawns ends here.

To cultivate the Dao of the Nine Dawns, it should be practiced in the four Meng months of the first, seventh, fourth, and tenth lunar months (the first month of each season), as well as in other months, selecting days by dividing the month into ten-day periods and choosing the hour: in the four Meng months use the fifth or ninth day of the first ten-day period and practice during the daytime; in the four Zhong months of the second, eighth, fifth, and eleventh months (the second month of each season) use the fifteenth or nineteenth of the middle ten-day period and practice at noon; in the four Ji months of the third, ninth, sixth, and twelfth months (the third month of each season) use the twenty-fifth or twenty-ninth of the last ten-day period and practice at midnight. Of the six days listed for each month, select only one; practice the method three times each month, totaling thirty-six times in a year, corresponding to the number of the Heavenly Pass turning its wheel and the Qi of the Nine Heavens circulating through three hundred sixty degrees.

When practicing the Dao on these days, one must always write out the names of the Nine Heavens. In this way one can pass through the destinies of “Yang Nine and Hundred Six” (the cycles of calamity spoken of in antiquity) and be spared the disaster of the great flood catastrophe. After nine years of cultivation, one can then ascend peacefully, mounting to the place of the celestial principles, traveling through the void and soaring above the high heavens.

The Jiuchen Xuantu Jinjian Wen (Golden Script of the Mysterious Chart of the Nine Dawns), a golden book concerning the flying-step method of the Nine Dawns, states that in cultivating the Dao (the Way) of flying steps among the Nine Dawns—a ritual method of pacing the stars and ascending to the heavenly realms—one should also practice according to the method of Stepping the Heavenly Net (Bu Tiangang, walking according to stellar positions). Cultivating both methods together allows for swifter ascent and receiving the examination of the Mysterious Dipper (Xuandou, the Northern Dipper). If combining the practices, one should first perform the Nine Dawns method, then the Stepping the Heavenly Net method. Although the incantations used in the two methods differ, they fundamentally belong to the same school of practice.

The method of Stepping the Heavenly Net was formerly transmitted by the Sovereign Lord of Taiwei (Taiwei Dijun, an exalted heavenly deity) to the Perfected Lord of Imperial Clarity Cavern (Huangqing Dongzhen Jun). The practitioner walks upon the Heavenly Net, flies over the Earthly Record, relies upon the Mysterious Dipper, climbs the Star Kui, draws in the Nine Perfected, rides flying dragons to roam freely, travels through the Three Destinies and floats through the Three Lives; consolidates the Three Treasures, avoids the Six Harms, conceals oneself within the Six Yin, enters the Six Records, guards the Heavenly Glory, protects one’s lifespan, visualizes the Primordial Assistant, treads the Great Aide, employs the Chamber of Flowing Cinnabar, ascends to Wenchang, circulates through the Nine Paths, and ultimately takes a place among the Nine Elders. After twenty years of cultivation, one may receive the Jing (scriptures) and become a Perfected of Highest Clarity (Shangqing Zhenren).

Ordinary people feel that the Seven Stars are very near to themselves, yet they do not know that the path of walking among them is extremely distant. If a Daoist knows only that the Heavenly Net can be walked upon, but does not know that the hun and po souls may not necessarily follow the body, it is not that the body fails to carry the souls, but rather that the souls fear the awesome power of the Seven Stars and dare not follow the body upward. Thus the three hun cannot be gathered and commanded, the seven po scatter in all directions; one merely paces with an empty body, the spirits do not accompany, and in the end it is all in vain.

To practice Stepping the Heavenly Net, the mind must be clear, luminous, empty and still; one must not think of grief or sorrow, nor crave fine flavors. First circle three times, then mount the star positions and recite the invocations, causing the two spirits of hun and po to cross the Spirit Pass together; body and mind suddenly open and relax, and one suddenly forgets the self. Wait until body and mind are purified before walking, and always proceed as if treading upon empty space. After one year of practice one can avoid faults, after two years avoid military disasters, after three years avoid the calamity of death, after four years become an earthly immortal; all manner of disasters and evil influences dare not encroach. Thereafter blessings and celebrations are boundless; one can command spirits, ride flying dragons, and receive the lingzhi granted by Taiji (Supreme Ultimate) together with attendants dispatched by the Jade Emperor. After fourteen years of cultivation, one becomes a Perfected of Highest Clarity.

The stepping method must not cross the Heavenly Net sideways; one should proceed straight along the boundaries between the star positions, these boundaries being called the “net” or “gang.” To cross the Heavenly Net transversely is regarded as destroying the Heavenly Dao, a most grave taboo. When walking one also must not tread upon the Perfected Star (Zhenren Xing), which is likewise a great prohibition. Should one violate either of these two taboos, one must remove the headcloth and kowtow in apology to the stellar images of the Heavenly Net.

The chart of the Heavenly Net is fashioned from cloth, nine chi in length and six chi in width, with the star positions arranged upon the fabric: the stars are painted in azure, the net lines in cinnabar red, and it is stored in a clean chest. Before each performance of the ritual method, incense is burned and the chart is taken out. Seven Jade Maidens attend upon the scriptural rites, and seven Jade Youths guard the star positions. When women practice Stepping the Heavenly Net, they use crimson silk instead.

This scripture transmitted by the Lord of Taiwei (Taiwei Dijun) concerns the ritual of treading the Heavenly Net (Tiangang), walking according to designated stellar positions and prescribed steps. In accordance with the superior method handed down by the divine perfected, one first burns incense at the place of practice and then holds the Qi seven times. Next one walks three circuits around the outer ring of the Dipper stars, beginning from the Yin Essence Star (Yinjing Xing) and concluding at the Yang Brightness Star (Yangming Xing). After the circuits are complete one releases the Qi. Only then may the feet tread upon the seven stars, proceeding according to the direction of the Yang Brightness Star.

Facing the Yang Brightness Star, one holds the Qi and silently recites in the heart: “Great Chief of Yang Brightness, Mysterious Culmination and Literary Glory, allow the hun and po souls of so-and-so to wander together upon the Heavenly Net.” After the recitation the left foot treads the Yang Brightness Star, then the right foot advances to tread the Yin Essence Star while one silently recites: “Yin Essence of the Northern Pole, Supreme Jade Pivot, allow the hun and po souls of so-and-so to cross together the Divine Ford, the crossing that leads to the divine realm.”

One next treads the Northern Pole Star (Beiji Xing) with the left foot, treads the Yang Brightness Star once more with the left foot, and advances the right foot onto the Yin Essence Star, silently reciting: “Yin Essence of the Northern Pole, Supreme Jade Pivot, allow the hun and po souls of so-and-so to cross together the Divine Ford.” Then the left foot treads the Northern Pole Star while one silently recites: “Heavenly Radiance of the Northern Pole, lead me back to the place of the Mysterious Chronogram, the wondrous stellar locus, so that the hun and po souls of so-and-so may together reach the Mysterious Pass, the gateway leading to the mysterious realm.”

Thereupon the right foot treads the Heavenly Pass Star (Tianguan Xing); the left foot is then brought forward to stand even with the right, after which the Qi is released.

If one is performing the Great Invocation, a more complete form of prayer, and the holding of Qi does not last until the treading of the Heavenly Net is finished, one may release the Qi upon the Cinnabar Origin Star (Danyuan Xing), hold the Qi again, and recite in a low voice: “Metal, Wood, Water, Fire and Earth, the Five Phases, circulate in mutual operation; the seven stars shine in brilliant splendor; the Heavenly Net wields incomparable majesty. The Auxiliary Star guards flourishing prosperity; the Supporting Star causes decline and decay to recede. The Nine Perfected of the Most High, the Taiji (Supreme Ultimate) of Taiwei, the Jade Emperors of the Three Palaces and the divine spirits of the Three Worthies jointly expel the deviant and the false. Heaven turns and Earth moves; hun and po accompany one another, enabling me to fly aloft and become an immortal, encircled by true radiance. My name is registered in the Golden Chamber; the Jade Gate opens. I mount a dragon and rise into emptiness, shining together with the sun and moon, roaming Shangqing, the realm of clear subtlety, clad in kingfisher-green robes and walking with bells. The left foot treads flowing lightning; the right hand drives rushing thunder. The myriad evils upon the earth are all subdued and executed, daring not to pursue; those who harbor malice, upon seeing me, are likewise cut down and destroyed. Jade maidens who come bearing the Emperor’s command escort and attend me on the return, causing hun, the perfected, po and Shen to unite as one body and soar through the void.”

In the reverse walking method, the sequence of steps performed in the opposite direction, one stops upon reaching the Heavenly Pass, then turns to face the Northern Pole Star and recites in a low voice: “Most High Primordial Chronogram, Floral Canopy of Purple Numen, Jade Chamber of the Northern Pole, conceal the luminous scenes, transform Jing and Qi; the Mysterious Terrace of Taiwei…”

When beginning the Reverse Walking Method, halt at the Heavenly Pass (the checkpoint of the celestial realm), face the North Pole, and recite this prayer in a low voice: “Supreme Primordial Stars (the highest stellar deities), Purple Spirit of the Floral Canopy, Jade Chamber of the North Pole, Concealed Scenery that Transforms Jing (essence), Mysterious Terrace of Taiwei, Jade City of the Nine Perfected: Grant that I may become a flying immortal, walk within the Cloud Court, reverse my steps among the heavenly principles and nets, and revive hun and po together. Riding the Dragon Flower Palace, I become an outstanding adept who has attained the Dao (the Way). On the left I wear jade chimes, on the right I fasten golden bells; I drape a tiger-patterned sash and a dragon-patterned skirt. With a long whistle I summon and command the heavenly troops; riding the three primordial scenic lights, I fly up to Highest Clarity.”

After completing the prayer, hold the breath. Raise the left foot to tread the position of the Polar Star (Beiji), the right foot the position of the Danyuan Star; then raise the left foot to tread the Xuanming Star position, after which step the right foot forward to stand even with the left. Facing the star of the Perfected (Zhenren), regulate the breath and recite once more in a low voice: “Nine Essences of Taiji (Supreme Ultimate), High Perfected of the Supreme Sovereign: Allow me to go forth and ascend to Primordial Clarity, to enter and conceal myself in Mysterious Yin. Nurture me that I may enjoy long life and delight in the immortal Dao. May the Jade Terrace suddenly open, the eight gates of the Golden Hall swing wide, and grant me to wear the immortal scriptures. Clothe me in a crimson-dragon azure skirt, that I may assist the upper realm within the Purple Tenuity Enclosure and become a lord among the later sages. Riding ten flying dragons, covered by a dark floral canopy and numinous radiance, may my name be listed on the mysterious chart, shining together with the sun and moon.”

After this prayer, hold the breath once more. Tread with the left foot upon the Bi Star, then step the right foot onto the Yin Essence Star, then the left foot onto the Yang Bright Star. Next, advance the right foot to stand even with the left. Thereafter regulate the breath and recite in a low voice:

The Tiankui star manifests the true-yang Qi (vital energy). The Northern Dipper moves in its course, now rising high, now sinking low. In front it turns the pivot of the Primordial Beginning; behind it draws the guiding cords of the spirits, settling the po-soul and bringing well-being to the hun-soul. Hun, po, and the physical body ascend together into the heavens to have audience with the High Supreme Grand Sovereign in the Golden Portal.

On the right they are supported by the Immortal Mother, on the left by the Immortal Lord. These attendants wear magnificent garments of purple and kingfisher-green, clad in dragon-patterned robes and tiger-patterned skirts, bound with the headcloths and jade ornaments of the Perfected. Circular halos ring their necks; they hold spirit bells in their hands and wear golden chimes at their waists, chanting the wondrous verses of the Seven Transformations from the Dongzhen (Cavern of Perfection) scriptures.

They arise from the Void of the Primordial Beginning and later become kings, flying along the Nine Paths and climbing the stellar net by means of the Northern Dipper. Taiyi (the Great One) leads the way in front, while Xuanlang follows behind. When the oral formula is imparted to a person, they may pass away sitting or standing, and may also walk in reverse; mastering the essential art, they take their place among the immortal ministers. The five viscera grow of themselves in correspondence with Heaven; whatever the heart wishes is fulfilled as desired, and all that is sought proceeds smoothly and flourishes. All noxious spirits and calamities are subdued and withdraw elsewhere; whoever does evil and harms me suffers Heaven’s retribution, drowned as if by water and destroyed as if by fire.

The so-called method of reverse walking further requires holding the breath and circling three times to the right along the outer side of the Northern Dipper. Recitation begins from “take their place among the immortal ministers; the five viscera grow of themselves in correspondence with Heaven…” and continues through “drowned by water, destroyed by fire.”

Then the method of reverse walking is performed once more: hold the breath, begin from the Yangming star, circle three times to the right along the outer side of the Northern Dipper, and finally return to the Yangming star; then resume breathing and offer this prayer:

High Supreme Great Perfected, Most Venerable of the Seven Luminaries (the sun, the moon, and the five planets), grant that I may walk in reverse to seek the source of life, tread upon the root-place of the heavens, that I may soar aloft as an immortal and enter the Purple Gate.

Then hold the breath again: the left foot treads upon Yangming, the right foot upon Yinjing; first step forward with the right foot upon Xuanming and the left foot upon Danyuan; then the right foot upon Beiji and the left foot upon Tianguan; finally bring the right foot forward to stand even with the left, resume breathing, and offer a prayer:

Following the seven transformations and revolutions of the Dipper Lodge, I ascend to the Jade Lodge; the Six Guidelines and Three Bonds all match my steps. The Jade Emperor looks to the left, the High One glances to the right, guiding me to ride the stars into the sky and climb the mysterious heavenly road. I pray to be granted the fortune of flying to immortality and undying longevity, that I may wander Shangqing (the celestial realm of Daoism), riding the magnificent Three-Su chariot, wearing a gold-and-azure kingfisher skirt, and coming and going through the nine-layered heavenly palaces. The Northern Emperor bows to me, the Southern Perfected thanks me, and my name is recorded in the register of the Immortal Terrace. I can transform in a thousand ways, befriend the Sage Lords, and assist Great Peace; whatever my heart wishes is fulfilled, and all things proceed smoothly. If anyone hates me, let him suffer the punishment of the blade and be buried in a fiery tomb.

After the three methods of pacing—forward, reverse, and contrary—are completed, I then raise both feet together and step onto the Yangming star (a stellar mansion). My right hand rests on my heart, my left hand points to the Xuanming star (a stellar mansion); I hold my breath for three respirations, knock my teeth twenty-one times, and swallow saliva twenty-seven times. This set of actions is called “Occupying the Dipper.” I then softly recite the prayer:

Yangming of Great Simplicity, establishing the Chen star and the Yellow Chamber; therein dwells a great spirit, on the left assisting the High Emperor, on the right in charge of the High Perfected. A divine dragon holds a kingfisher-colored garment in its mouth, flying brocade bearing tiger patterns; a jade Fulu (talisman) is tied at the waist, a lotus crown on the head. Entering and exiting without form, of golden light and jade color, divine majesty solemn and towering, it is called Yangming. Treading Zhu Yin, reciting the Cavern jing (Daoist scriptures), grant me the Hidden Writings, teach me to pace the Gang (the ritual of walking according to the positions of the Dipper stars). Let me circle around three times again and again, occupying the Dipper stars while forgetting myself, that I may fly and become an immortal, transcending the void, my name entered into the Shangqing immortal registers, riding the mysterious chariot and driving the divine dragon. Whatever my heart turns toward, all cherished wishes are realized; the Three Honored Ones (the three venerated deities of Daoism) unite to protect me, my hun and po souls interpenetrate, and spirit officers, jade maidens, and jade youths come to serve. If anyone harms me, let him suffer thunder and lightning punishment, his plots destroyed, his tongue cut, and be banished to the four directions.

When the prayer is finished, I visualize in my mind a sudden forgetting of myself, and after a long time I come back down.

After completing the cultivation aligned with the positions of the Northern Dipper (Beidou, the northern asterism), both feet are then moved together onto the Yinjing star. The left hand presses upon the heart while the right hand points toward the Zhenren star; the breath is held for three respirations, the teeth are knocked three times, and the saliva in the mouth is swallowed three times. This step is called “Climbing the Kui.”

One next enters Taiwei (the celestial region of Grand Tenuity) and softly recites the prayer:

“The Yinjing star dwells high within the Life Gate of the Xuan Su Zhonghua Palace. Therein resides the Jade Emperor, most exalted of the Northern Pole. He wears a phoenix-patterned embroidered robe, a dragon-patterned jade-green skirt, a tiger-shaped bell pendant at the waist, and a Fuzhi cinnabar crown upon the head. Styled Yinjing, he is the Lord of the Supreme. He confers upon me hundreds of millions of volumes of scriptures, enabling me to enter the realm of the One Origin, to climb the Kui star and ascend, then to wander the Numinous Pass. Outwardly he restrains the seven poisons, inwardly he governs the Three Hun; he refines the worldly attachments within the Po, treasures the fetal spirit within the Hun, so that hun and po guard the self until at last we together become immortals and fly up to Shangqing. The infant-like complexion is then retained, all that is sought is granted as wished, and nothing remains difficult. Should anyone work evil against me, let their form perish at Fengguan, that by awesome power the Six Heavens may be overawed and the host of spirits commanded.”

Once the “Climbing the Kui” rite is finished, both feet are next moved together onto the Bi star, the feet brought together, and four bows performed toward the Zhenren star. After bowing one kneels, holds the breath for four respirations, knocks the teeth four times, and swallows saliva four times. This step is called “Receiving the True.” Then, while kneeling, one softly recites the prayer:

“Taiji (Supreme Ultimate) Nine Jing (essences), Upper Origin Bright True...”

The Taiji Nine Jing (the nine kinds of Jing (essence) transformed from Taiji (Supreme Ultimate)) is the Shen (spirit) of Shangyuan Mingzhen, who holds the pivotal mechanism of the movements of heaven and earth, exhaling and inhaling purple cloud Qi (vital energy), his body emitting golden radiance with a luster like jade, his majestic power shining throughout the ten directions of the heavenly realms. He governs the three lights of the sun, moon, and stars, harmonizes Yin-Yang, administers the primordial Qi, grants vitality to all things, and brings renewal to the old.

He resides above the constellations of the middle heavens, passing in and out of the mysterious gates, dwelling within golden chambers and jade doors, entering and exiting from the northern portal. Riding the chariot of the Eight Scenes, he roams the Great Primordial. He is clothed in dragon-patterned brocade and phoenix-patterned attire, draped in a tiger-patterned emerald skirt, adorned with red pennants, green silk scarves, and purple feather ornaments, a divine talisman girded at his waist, and wearing a supporting crown upon his head. He occupies the Nine Heavens above and overlooks the heavenly abyss below, calling himself the Jade Emperor, the supreme true Shen of the Nine Heavens.

He shows compassion to those who love the Dao (the Way), bestowing upon them hidden scriptures (jing); he himself mounts the position of the Bi Kui star, worships the Lingjun, and seeks the elixir writings as the reliance for cultivating the Dao and achieving long life. He manages the matters of the Three and Five in the celestial realms, soaring through the secluded and mysterious regions of the eight directions, causing the five viscera to each produce Jing and Qi, fulfilling the superior path of the flying immortal, receiving feathered wings granted by the Jade Emperor, becoming a subordinate of the later sages, ranked as a high grandee. The cultivator rides the clouds to ascend, and whatever is sought is answered; no evils can disturb. If someone commits evil to harm them, it will cause their traces to be revealed and their household to fall into ruin.

After the ritual of receiving the True is completed, then lift both feet together toward the Xuanming star, with the right hand caressing the heart and the left hand pointing to the Danyuan star, hold the breath for three breaths, knock the teeth twenty-one times, and then rub the armpits three times with the hands; this is called “Bu Dou” (the ritual of pacing according to the positions of the stars of the Dipper). Then reciting in a low voice the prayer:

The divine light within the grotto-heavens reaches far into boundless, profound, and mysterious realms. Primordial Qi fills the Great Void, coming and going without leaving any trace. It can conceal itself at the edge of the heavens, hide beneath the earth, and pervade the entire realm of the unborn. Suddenly it ascends to the Celestial Gang, treading the Purple Court, looking north to inspect the Thunder Chamber and appearing south as the Lightning Citadel. The scene dazzles the eyes with a thousand transformations, no longer in its original form; then it flows in a hazy, trance-like manner, becoming formless. At the mere touch of a hand, it can instantly take shape. If you wish to hide your physical form, you must know my name.

The Void Origin is lofty and remote, its changes deep and mysterious. Whether sitting upright or rising to stand, always visualize the Six Jia spirits; pay homage to and command the Six Ding spirits. Grant me the scripture of invisibility, that I may pace the Dipper and step among the stars (a visualization ritual of walking according to the positions of the stellar dipper), looking upward to the Supreme Sovereign, clad in a crimson headscarf and azure garments, holding numinous light, with a jade bell fastened at the waist. Upward I pray to ascend as an immortal, coexisting with Heaven; that my name be inscribed in Taiwei (the celestial star palace) and that I transform and rise into Shangqing. Downward I pray for the techniques of transformation, to conceal my shadow and gather my form, so that all things proceed as wished and the road ahead is smooth. If anyone seeks to harm me, let the divine soldiers slay them.

The Taiji (Supreme Ultimate) True Scripture, in the Upper Text of the Golden Root, states: “You ascend the Mysterious Darkness, pacing the Dipper to become invisible; if you wish to transform, you must obtain my name. In this manner you can reverse Heaven and Earth, causing the myriad things to take form at once.” When pacing the Mysterious Darkness, as well as when wishing to become invisible, you should always visualize this name in your heart.

After the ritual of pacing the Dipper is finished, place both feet together upon the Danyuan star. Press the left hand over the heart, point the right hand toward the North Star, hold the breath for three respirations, knock the teeth three times, and swallow the saliva three times. This rite is called “Treading the Record.” Then recite the following prayer in a low voice:

“The Supreme Highest Nine Terraces, the Danyuan Mysterious Record; outwardly it governs the North Pole, inwardly it rectifies the Heavenly Principle. The Golden Palace radiates brilliance without, the Jade Court shines illumination within; therein dwells the supreme honored deity, titled the Red Infant, who resides and governs in the Cinnabar Palace.”

Knock the teeth three times and swallow the saliva three times; this rite is called “Treading the Record.” Then recite the following prayer in a low voice:

The Supreme Nine Terraces (the celestial palaces imagined in Daoism) are presided over by Danyuan Xuanji: outwardly administering the polar star domain, inwardly rectifying the Heavenly Dao. The Golden Palace (Jinque, the golden palaces of heaven) radiates glory illuminating the four quarters, while the Jade Court (Yuting, the courtyard within the heavenly palace) shines with bright splendor. In the palace dwells a supreme one called the “Red Child,” residing in the Crimson Chamber of Danyuan. He wears a dragon cape embroidered with kingfisher-cloud patterns and garments of tiger pattern, holding the Imperial Register (Huanglu, the heavenly roster or Fulu) in his right hand and grasping the Dipper Outline (Kuigang, the regulatory principle of the Northern Dipper officials) in his left, treading colorful clouds, crowned in purple, with flowing bells on his right and jade pendants on his left.

He grants someone the Hidden Scripture (Yinshu, a secretly transmitted Daoist text), so that the person may walk in accordance with the Heavenly Outline, seeking to fly upward and attain immortality, riding a mysterious carriage and driving dragons, with the name registered on the Cinnabar Terrace and in the Taiji Jade Hall. Wherever they go and whatever they seek, blessings and fortune will come to greet them; if anyone does evil against that person, may they perish. Spirit officials, jade maidens, and jade lads are also provided for their dispatch and service.

After completing the method of treading the Outline, both feet are placed together upon the North Star: the right hand strokes the heart, the left hand points to the Heavenly Pass Star, the breath is held three times, the teeth are knocked three times, and the saliva in the mouth is swallowed three times. This sequence of actions is called “Pacing the Outline.” Then a low-voiced prayer is offered:

The mysterious Taiwei Palace of the heavenly realm (the residence of the Heavenly Emperor), the North Star like a purple floral canopy. In the lower world there is Tai Zhen (a venerated Daoist deity), roaming beyond the Nine Heavens. She wears kingfisher-green splendid garments and billowing skirts, fastened with golden bells and a green sash, jade radiance at her waist; dense mysterious clouds surround her. Please bestow the Hidden Scripture upon someone, enabling them to ascend upon the Seven Qi (the celestial breaths of Daoism), climb to the Pure Realm, wander amid mists and rosy clouds, join with the Perfected Ones, and seek to fly and become an immortal. May the name be registered in the Cinnabar Chamber, may all destinations be as wished, without disaster or harm. If anyone does evil to me, may that person be wounded and perish.

After the Pacing the Outline method is completed, both feet are placed together upon the Heavenly Pass Star: the right hand strokes the heart, the left hand points to the Heavenly Pass Star, the breath is held three times, the teeth are knocked three times, and the saliva is swallowed three times. This method is called “Riding the Dragon.” Then a low-voiced prayer is offered:

In the Supreme Seven Poles (the highest seven heavenly realms), the Purple Tenuity star region lies far from the dusty world, and beyond the Precious Mystery Golden Chamber there is a Jade Gate. The nine heavenly palaces revolve in succession, attuning the Heavenly Pass. Within the Golden Chamber dwells a venerable deity named the Purple Sovereign. He confers a hidden scripture of the Dao (the Way) upon a person and bears that person along while riding a dragon: soaring upward to wander the Nine Heavens and descending to alight upon the terrestrial origin. Mounted on the scarlet chariot of luminous clouds (a vermilion carriage borne upon auspicious clouds), the deity wears a robe of mysterious splendor and kingfisher green, a dragon tally at the waist, and a tiger-patterned kerchief on the head. Encompassing and generating the myriad things while instructing the flying immortals, the Purple Sovereign causes the person to be struck from the registers of death and to endure coeval with Heaven and Earth. Riding the dragon and treading the Dipper, one receives grace wherever one goes; anyone who treats me with malice shall suffer the calamity of wind-knives and fiery incineration.

Once the dragon-riding rite is completed, both feet are planted together upon the Fu star. One holds the breath for a single respiration, knocks the teeth three times, and swallows saliva once. This procedure is known as “Wandering the Three Destinies.” One then turns the steps toward the Tianying star and recites softly: Taiji (Supreme Ultimate) Fu star, Jing (essence) and Qi (vital energy) abide in the Purple Pass. Nourish life and safeguard the Shen (spirit) and hun-soul. Let the Golden Chamber open once more so that I may behold Lord Fu. Bestow upon me the hidden scripture of the Dao, that I may circulate to and fro, have my name enrolled among the Sage Emperors, and soar into the Nine Heavens. Wearing a golden kerchief and bearing true talismans, I pass in and out of the Cavern Gates.

After “Wandering the Three Destinies” is accomplished, one turns back and advances to the Bi star, planting both feet together upon it, holding the breath for one respiration, knocking the teeth three times, and swallowing saliva once. This step is called “Pacing among the Three Yang,” also known as “Entering and Exiting the Three Lives.” One recites softly: Great Void Niwan (the divine abode within the head), Heavenly Worthy of the Purple Palace. The true pivot in the mysterious void is the source of emperors; within the Dao it is called the Jade Emperor, while in the human body it is called Niwan. Responding to affinity it appears suddenly; Qi (vital energy) courses through the remote heavens, Jing (essence) and Qi enter the Hall of Light (Mingtang, the spirit palace of the head), strengthening embryonic breathing and augmenting the hun and po souls. The Vermilion Mountain opens again, that I may draw close to the Numinous Origin. With the left hand I take in the solar splendor, with the right I gather the lunar Jing (essence). Clad in flowing fire of ten thousand zhang, wearing a skirt of golden gauze and emerald, the waist girded with heavenly bone, the head crowned in splendor. Grant me the hidden scripture of the Dao so that I may traverse the Heavenly Pass. May I fly aloft to become an immortal and command the myriad spirits; wherever I arrive the assembled gods shall gather, and blessings together with De (Virtue/Power) shall rise like mountains.

When performing ritual methods (Daoist ceremonies or techniques of cultivation), one must always face north while holding the Hidden Book (here meaning the secret texts employed in the practice). It is also permissible to observe the constellations by following the written characters, without needing to close the eyes and recite silently. In spring, treading the seven stars of the Northern Dipper is called “Pacing the Three Guidelines”; in summer, treading the seven stars is called “Stepping the Six Chronicles”; in autumn it is called “Walking the Six Harms”; and in winter it is called “Ascending the Six Extremes.” These names designate the star-pacing rituals performed according to the seasons.

The Jade Scripture of the Supreme Flight of the Nine Dawn Stars is complete.

Collation notes: In the original text, the terms “knocking the teeth,” “right foot,” “auxiliary star,” “mysterious name,” “pacing the Dipper,” and “finished” were respectively miswritten as “flowing teeth,” “advancing the foot,” “turning star,” “mysterious brightness,” “pacing half,” and “vehicle.”