《太玄八景箓》

On the second day of the ninth month in the first year of Shanghuang, the Later Sage Li Jun (a holy true being in Daoist legend) set out to travel the Western River and inspect the eight directions. He happened to encounter the Heavenly King of Primordial Beginning riding an eight-scenery jade carriage (symbolizing the magnificent chariot of the heavenly realm), driving nine-colored mysterious dragons and mounted on three-primal flying clouds, surrounded by a host of immortals, holding ornate banners, accompanied by lions and white cranes, the assembled immortals singing in harmonious chorus as they descended from the sky to the Western River to meet Li Jun.

Li Jun paid respects to the Heavenly King and inquired: “In the past I was graciously transmitted the heavenly scriptures of jade characters together with the twenty-four diagrams. Although I obtained the writings, I have not yet grasped their subtle profundities; although there are eulogies for the diagrams, there are no images. When cultivating, I face these deep and obscure principles that are hard to illuminate, and it is difficult to understand them in full. Now that I have met the Celestial Worthy, the joy in my heart is beyond expression. I hope you will offer guidance so that I may thoroughly realize the true meaning of the Great Dao (the Way).”

The Heavenly King instructed Li Jun to observe a purification fast for a thousand days, fumigate his body with five kinds of incense, face east and ingest Fulu (talismans and registers). He told him: “When the time arrives, your physical form and Shen (spirits) will all become manifest, and you will naturally penetrate the inner mysteries, with every doubt instantly clarified.”

Li Jun respectfully received the teaching and, following the ritual methods of the heavenly realm, observed a prolonged purification fast for a thousand days, facing east and ingesting the Fulu. The Shen of the Three Divisions and Eight Sceneries (the deities associated with the Three Divisions and Eight Sceneries within the body) appeared together inside him; he naturally comprehended the principles and all doubts were completely resolved. The twenty-four diagrams of the golden scriptures and jade characters also manifested in the air, the writings brilliant and vivid, profound and penetrating, their structure naturally revealed. Thereupon Li Jun ordered the superior immortals in charge of diagrams and registers to draw the images. Thus were formed the golden scriptures with purple characters and the jade writings with cinnabar chapters. The true writings transmitted by the Consort of the Grand True King of Nine Lights of the Upper Prime of the Southern Pole, the Two Flowers of East and West, the True Dukes of South and North, the immortals of the Five Sacred Mountains, and the True Person of Clear Vacuity were all depicted as images by the Later Sage, each accompanied by textual explanations.

Diagram of the True Person Bathing in the Eastern Well

Upper Section, First True Qi (vital energy)

The waters of the Heavenly River pour into the Eastern Well, and within the stone scenery is contained the essence of the Water Mother. Round light brushes and illuminates the numinous luminaries, a mysterious and wondrous radiance that is clear, crystalline, lofty and bright. The Celestial Worthy of Primordial Beginning parts the successive layers of the long night, and heavenly beings are born in accordance with the moon. They bathe upon the orchid pond, a dragon bearing a long-handled water pitcher upon its back. Golden youths scatter fragrant flowers and aromas.

A circular divine light brushes past the wondrous radiance, and mysterious splendor illuminates the lofty and luminous realm. Yuanshi Tianzun (the Primordial Celestial Worthy, a supreme Daoist deity) parts the layers of darkness, as heavenly beings appear together with the moon. They bathe beside the orchid pool while a dragon approaches bearing a long-necked vase. Golden youths sprinkle fragrant flowers, and jade maidens set the light of the five stars circulating. Donning the cap and fastening the sash, they wash in the jade ford, refining and transforming the bodily forms of the five immortals. Fragrance issues from the body, and the myriad spirits descend; riding the play of light and shadow, they ascend to the distant heights.

The Chart of the True Forms of the Divine Immortals of the Five Marchmounts

Upper Section, Second True Qi

The Dao (the Way) of the Primordial Beginning is wondrous beyond words; five kinds of numinous Qi (vital energy) unfold the authentic scriptures. It opens upward the Longhan kalpa (an ancient cosmic cycle in Daoist lore), and the three heavenly realms shine forth in brilliant distinction. Ten sections of flying-heaven scriptures (celestial classic documents) soar forth, settling and protecting the imperial spirits of the five directions. Wondrous mountains receive the mysterious palaces, as abundant numinous Qi surges forth in precious cloud-vapors. Above there is the Qi of immortality, nourishing immortal sprouts and enabling the five immortals to cultivate to accomplishment. Jade fungi accompany them in the mysterious realm; the body is pure and naturally fragrant. By concentrating the mind in contemplation, one can summon the high numina to descend and commune with the High God.

The Chart of the Eight Historians of Penetrating the Numinous and Determining Essence

Upper Section, Third True Qi

The light of the three heavenly realms emits wondrous numinous radiance, shining brightly as the gates of the eight directions open. Within there is a deity of wisdom, clad in flying-heaven garments. The Eight Historians (spirits who govern the documents of the numinous realm) penetrate the numinous Qi, and jade talismans fathom the subtle mysteries. Precious clouds reflect jade characters, as giant beasts shake the heavenly majesty. The Palace of Eight Assemblies (a palace where the host of numina gather) shines brilliantly, and many numinous persons fly forth in succession. By concentrating the mind in contemplation, one can summon true Qi, and the five-path Fulu (talismans and registers) emit radiance. The immortal carriage of the eight scenes bears the person aloft, flying into the heavens and entering Purple Tenuity (the central hub of the heavenly realm).

The Chart of the Divine Immortals of the Six Jia Communicating with the Numinous

Upper Section, Fourth Subtle Essence

Precious clouds reflect jade characters, as giant beasts shake the heavenly majesty. The Palace of Eight Assemblies shines brilliantly, and many numinous persons fly forth in succession. By concentrating the mind in contemplation, one can summon true Qi, and the five-path Fulu emit radiance. The immortal carriage of the eight scenes bears the person aloft, flying into the heavens and entering Purple Tenuity.

The Chart of the Divine Immortals of the Six Jia Communicating with the Numinous

Upper Section, Fourth True Qi

Flying-heaven maidens of the numinous palace, six Perfected Ones hold a banquet in the land of Everlasting Yang. They embrace the sun and carry the bright moon upon their backs, reclining as they tread the radiance of the sun, moon, and stars. They comprehend the numinous realm, exploring the deep and hidden recesses, clearly discerning all four quarters and eight directions. They summon the natural immortal kitchen, causing the five fungi and six viscera (immortal medicines and the internal organs) to flourish and become abundant. They transform and cultivate the myriad spirits, differentiating the bodily form and altering the original appearance. Riding the void they proceed, stepping into the Mysterious Capital, swiftly soaring to the realm of Kongtong. From time to time, immortals of the Golden Empyrean descend, loosening their garments in the Three Plain Chambers.

Holding Fulu (talismans and registers) and the ceremonial staff, riding a flying chariot, one freely and leisurely ascends to Yujing (the palaces of the immortal realm).

Diagram of the Immortals’ Nine Palaces Purple Chamber

Upper Section, Fifth True Qi

Purple palaces shine in the distant high heavens, linked together and mutually supporting one another. Layer upon layer of mist encircles the sun and moon, while the forms of flying celestial spirits veil the vast sky. The assembled immortals of the Supreme True Great Sage chant the feathered writings (talismanic documents used in Daoist ritual) in silent solemnity, opening the path to Yujing.

One opens and traverses the kalpas of the various heavens, passing through countless tribulations before a single cycle is complete. The Nine-Five Qi stabilizes the wondrous spiritual circulation, allowing one to dwell long and at peace between heaven and earth. Concentrating the mind in visualization, how could one fail to journey afar? The Purple Palace will then appear within one’s own body.

Diagram of the Immortals’ Nine Palaces Purple Chamber

Upper Section, Fifth True Qi

Purple palaces shine in the distant high heavens, linked together and mutually supporting one another. Layer upon layer of mist encircles the sun and moon, while the forms of flying celestial spirits veil the vast sky. The assembled immortals of the Supreme True Great Sage chant the feathered writings in silent solemnity, opening and traversing the kalpas of the various heavens; one must pass through kalpas as numerous as the sands of the Ganges before a single cycle is complete. The Nine-Five Qi stabilizes the wondrous spiritual circulation, allowing one to dwell long and at peace between heaven and earth. Concentrating the mind in visualization, how could one fail to journey afar? The Purple Palace will then appear within one’s own body.

Diagram of Primordial Origin Highest Clarity

Upper Section, Sixth True Qi

Taiqing (Highest Clarity, the supreme and luminous heavenly realm) is vast and boundless, dense cyan cloud-qi gathering thickly around Ziwei (Purple Tenuity, the central star palace of the heavens). A swift numinous wind blows, bearing precious spiritual Qi; immortal trees of jade-like preciousness grow lush and abundant. Purple phoenixes cry among the high branches, dragons and qilin race and interweave. The Taishang (Supreme One) inspects the ten directions; the spirits of all the heavens don their liturgical vestments in orderly array and circle the palace city three times, thereby opening the long night.

If one can concentrate the mind in visualization upon the spiritual Qi, one will naturally ride the luminous radiance and fly aloft.

Diagram of the Immortals’ True Dao of Undifferentiated Completion

Upper Section, Seventh True Qi

At the beginning of Yuanshi (Primordial Origin), heaven and earth were vast and boundless, the chaotic Qi as yet undifferentiated. Three colors generated from the formless, swirling and coalescing like auspicious clouds. From within the obscurity true scenes arise, wondrous spiritual writings brilliantly manifest and spread throughout. The long night suddenly brightens, and the foundation of heaven and earth is thereby established. The spontaneously generated wondrous True Qi is rich, pure, and inexhaustible, remaining for a long time. Its transformative circulation reaches the nine great realms, opening the gates of the various heavens.

Diagram of the Immortals’ Western Ascent Preserved Register

Upper Section, Eighth True Qi

Riding the swift spiritual Qi and driving the luminous radiance, one ascends to the Western palaces. Proceeding to the Kingdom of Yuna, one causes the True Qi to remain long. Its transformative circulation reaches the nine great realms, opening the gates of the various heavens.

Diagram of the Immortals’ Western Ascent Preserved Register

Upper Section, Eighth True Qi

Riding the swift spiritual Qi and driving the luminous radiance, one ascends to the Western palaces. Proceeding to the Kingdom of Yuna, myriad carriages (numerous heavenly vehicles) come forth to follow. Gods and demons all kowtow and prostrate themselves, and the Heavenly Kings likewise submit together.

In accordance with the Fenjin Fanzheng Fa (the cultivation method of distinguishing Metal De and taking the upright model), the people of the world revere the King of Dao (the Way) and De (Virtue/Power). Therefore they put into practice the Zhengzhen Qi (vital energy), also taking “Duyifang” as its name. At that time there was a world possessing the Dao, known as “Fudetang.”

The Lingbao Shenxian Tu states: The Shen (spirits) listed in the Upper Eight Zhen deity charts are the natural Eight Jing Shangzhen generated by transformation from the Qi of the Dongtian Yuanshi. If a person attunes within their own body to the Shangyuan Shengqi and concentrates on inner visualization, they can see the Eight Zhen manifest their forms. These ride a thousand carriages and ten thousand cavalry, conveying Jingyun that carry the person aloft to heaven.

The first Jing is the brain Shen named Jueyuan, style Zidaodu, appearing white, paired with the first Jing jade Fulu, and is the first Shen of the Shangyuan Dongtian Qi department. The second Jing is the hair Shen named Xuantianhua, style Daoheng, appearing black, paired with the second Jing jade Fulu, and is the second Shen of the Shangyuan Dongtian Qi department. The third Jing is the skin Shen named Tongzhongzhong, style Daolian, appearing yellow, paired with the third Jing jade Fulu, and is the third Shen of the Shangyuan Dongtian Qi department. The fourth Jing is the eye Shen named Lingzhongsheng, style Daotong, appearing in five colors, paired with the fourth Jing jade Fulu, and is the fourth Shen of the Shangyuan Dongtian Qi department.

The fifth Jing is the nape-marrow Shen named Lingmogai, style Daozhou, appearing white, paired with the fifth Jing jade Fulu, and is the fifth Shen of the Shangyuan Dongtian Qi department. The original text of the sixth Jing is written as “Nanban”; its Shen is named Yilizhuan, style Daozhu, appearing in white-jade color, paired with the sixth Jing jade Fulu, and is the sixth Shen of the Shangyuan Dongtian Qi department. The seventh Jing is the nose Shen named Chonglongyu, style Daowei, appearing in the three colors of cyan, white, and yellow, paired with the seventh Jing jade Fulu, and is the seventh Shen of the Shangyuan Dongtian Qi department.

The tongue Shen (spirit) of the Eighth Scenery is named Shiliang Qiji, courtesy name Daoqi, and is vermilion in color. The Jade Talisman of the Eight Sceneries is the jade Fulu (talisman) of the Qi (vital energy) department, held by the gods of the Eight Sceneries of the Upper Origin Grotto-Heaven.

The Chart of the Divine Immortals states that the True Jade Talisman of the Eight Sceneries Gods is condensed from the natural Qi of the Upper Origin Grotto-Heaven and is used to govern the Eight Sceneries of the Upper Origin. It is stationed within the Upper Origin Palace of the human body. After it has been ingested for eight years, the gods of the Eight Sceneries manifest their forms, enabling a person to comprehend matters that are deep and subtle and to perceive the principles of nature. The practitioner may ascend to heaven while seated or vanish while standing, and may summon celestial immortals to descend. Numerous carriages and horses follow in attendance, and cloud-Qi lifts a feathered canopy, so that one may ascend to heaven in broad daylight.

Chart of the Immortals’ Subtle Communion and Numinous Transformation

First True Qi of the Middle Section

The wondrous principle of the Great Dao (the Way) has no fixed form. It sets primordial Qi in motion and condenses the High Perfected. In the void, generation and transformation arise of themselves, and numinous, wondrous change appears as three Shen. In the morning one draws in the Jing (essence) of the Five Stars; at midday one absorbs the fluids within the sun; in the evening one ingests the essence of the Yellow Moon; and while lying asleep one cultivates the Five Immortals. As the scenes shift, the body is generated and transformed along with the void, and all at once it can manifest of itself.

Chart of the Immortals Treading the Void of the Nine Heavens

Second True Qi of the Middle Section

The Qi of the Nine Heavens is serenely clear and bright, coming from a high, distant, and mysterious place. Auspicious clouds veil layer upon layer of emptiness, and the Golden Towers receive the purple mist. Within them stands the Palace of Taiji (Supreme Ultimate); Dao Lords extend throughout the vast heaven and earth. Azure forests spread across the many Brahma realms, and flying celestials are found in all ten directions. At the Southern Mound there is a Hall of Blessings and De (Virtue/Power), and the seats on every side are occupied by guests of purity and stillness. Flowers are scattered to celebrate the wish of my heart; one wanders free and at ease, traveling a crossing where no waves arise.

Chart of the Immortals’ Nine Transformations

Third True Qi of the Middle Section

Numinous, wondrous transformations arise through resonance with the void; when one concentrates the mind in thought, one can communicate with the supreme numina. One draws upward the Qi of the Nine Heavens and guides the essential Qi of the five-colored auspicious clouds. After three days of practice the myriad Shen are refined and nourished; within a single day the body can change into nine forms. Casting off the mortal body, one roams the Nine Provinces and sports through the Three Realms. Riding the scenic Qi one gazes out upon Taisu (the realm of pure emptiness and primordial origin of which Daoism speaks). A numinous wind swirls and lifts a green carriage. Flying mists wind around the farthest reaches of the ten directions, and yellow banners summon the myriad numina. The spirits of all the heavens send down their ceremonial corteges, and in full splendor one enters the realm of Shangqing, the Highest Clarity.

Chart of the Immortals’ Constant Presence

Fourth True Qi of the Middle Section

By silently reciting with a unified mind one can summon the Perfected Ones from the nether darkness; when the inner heart is concentrated and still, Shen (spirit) and Qi (vital energy) naturally return.

After the dripping of the night water-clock has ceased, external stimuli likewise recede, and the upright Qi of itself grows calm, returning to the obscure and subtle.

When the accumulated stimulus-response reaches a certain measure, the mysterious Perfected Ones descend and the six fu-organs (the six hollow viscera within the body) generate radiance.

In meeting with the mysterious realm the ten thousand things become empty and harmonious; the myriad spirits (the numerous divine beings) likewise respond in unison as if answering a call.

The Eight Sceneries (the eight numinous landscapes within the body) raise a cloud canopy, their brilliance flashing and darting as swiftly as on wings. They carry me flying beyond the Great Brahma (the distant high heaven of Daoist cosmology), freely soaring through empty space.

The immortals descend and the six fu-organs generate radiance.

In meeting with the mysterious realm the ten thousand things become empty and harmonious; the myriad spirits likewise respond in unison as if answering a call.

The Eight Sceneries raise a cloud canopy, their brilliance flashing and darting as swiftly as on wings. They carry me flying beyond the Great Brahma, freely soaring through empty space.

Diagram of the Immortals Guarding the One and Nourishing the Body

The Fifth True Qi of the Middle Section

Guide the Qi of the Nine Heavens and rub the two hands together in order to soothe the body. Block the pathways by which evil forces encroach, purify and regulate body and mind, and refine and nourish the radiance. Fly in the manner of a phoenix so that the true Qi may circulate freely; leap in the manner of a dragon so as to subdue the myriad numina. At dawn the assembled Perfected Ones gather; as one cultivates the body one feels Shen and Qi arising. With a mind of bland detachment one returns to guarding the One (concentrating on the inner origin); by stilling thought one settles the upright Qi. When Shen and Qi are complete the numinous scenery appears of itself, and one may ascend into Highest Clarity (Shangqing, one of the Daoist heavens).

Diagram of the Immortals Guarding Shen and Containing the Scenery

The Sixth True Qi of the Middle Section

Settle the constructive soul (ying-po, spirit and hun-po) in the Mud Pill (Niwan, the upper Dantian in the head) and let the Middle Prime (the Dantian region of the body’s midsection) embrace and guard the single Qi. Within the Dantian (energy center) there are three numinous palaces; when the three blend, a Spirit King is born. The Three Passes (the three gateways within the body) command the Nine Heavens, breathing in and out the radiance of sun and moon. The Five Stars hold mysterious nourishing Qi that flows and circulates, filling the six stomachs (terms for inner organs in the scripture). Still the thoughts so that the myriad Qi gather; when Shen and Qi are at rest the body becomes moist and fair. The Perfected Ones of the Eight Sceneries of the three sections will carry me into the Great Void. Dwelling long between heaven and earth, from the Primordial Beginning there is never an end.

Diagram of the Immortals in Silent Stillness Nourishing Jing (essence) and Guarding the Will

The Seventh True Qi of the Middle Section

At dawn inhale the Qi of the Five Stars and concentrate the mind upon visualizing the spirit in the Mud Pill. In the center swallow the sunlight and silently recite the Qi of the Crimson Palace (the vermilion palace-mansion within the body) so that it warms and nourishes the body. At dusk guide the lunar essence and pour it into the ruling spirit within the Dantian. The three true spirits generate a single numinous scenery; amid transformation the bodily form naturally differentiates. Once it is beheld, the myriad spirits gather; gathering the breath, the numinous scenery rises high and speeds onward. One ascends to the palaces of sun and moon.

In the center swallow the sunlight and silently recite the Qi of the Crimson Palace so that it warms and nourishes the body. At dusk guide the lunar essence and pour it into the ruling spirit within the Dantian. The three true spirits generate a single numinous scenery; amid transformation the bodily form naturally differentiates.

Once one sees the myriad Shen (spirits) returning, one can gather and control the Qi (vital energy), swiftly rising to the heights. Ascending to the palaces of the sun and moon, one views the portals of the eight directions amid coming and going. Throughout the endless kalpas since the Longhan era, the wondrous qualities of the Lingbao Jing (scriptures) are truly beyond description.

The Diagram of the Zhiying Jade Maiden

The Eighth True Qi of the Middle Section

The numinous Qi lightly drifts and disperses, the zhiying circling with the wind. The various heavens scatter fragrant flowers, and the sun and moon stream forth numinous and bright radiance. Jade maidens hold golden trays, flying through the air in brilliant splendor. Gazing upward and contemplating the descent of the true immortals' visages, one swallows the Jing (essence) of the zhi herbs, enabling the Shen of the five viscera to open. Guiding the luminous Qi to circulate through the entire body, the physical form will not decay even after ten thousand kalpas.

The Lingbao Diagram of Immortals states that the diagram of the eight true Shen of the middle section consists of the eight natural scenes of the middle section generated by the Qi of Yuanshi Lingbao Dongxuan. These eight scenes are located in the Zhongyuan Palace of the human body (the inner palace in the middle of the body responsible for governing the generating Qi), which can produce the generating Qi of the middle origin. Concentrating on visualization for eight years will cause the eight true ones to appear; at that time, a thousand carriages and ten thousand riders will come forth, transporting the feathered canopies of the immortals, allowing the practitioner to fly through the great void.

The throat Shen of the first scene of the middle section is named Bailiufang, courtesy name Daotong, and has a nine-colored body. He corresponds to the true talisman of the first scene of Dongxuan Zhongyuan and is the Shen of the first scene. The lung Shen of the second scene of the middle section is named Sulingsheng, courtesy name Daoping, and has a white body. He corresponds to the true talisman of the second scene of Dongxuan Zhongyuan and is the Shen of the second scene. The heart Shen of the third scene of the middle section is named Huanyangchang, courtesy name Daoming, and has a red body. He corresponds to the true talisman of the third scene of Dongxuan Zhongyuan and is the Shen of the third scene. The liver Shen of the fourth scene of the middle section is named Kaijuntong, courtesy name Daoqing, and has an azure body. He corresponds to the true talisman of the fourth scene of Dongxuan Zhongyuan and is the Shen of the fourth scene. The gallbladder Shen of the fifth scene of the middle section is named Longdeju, courtesy name Daofang, and has a body of three colors: azure, yellow, and green. He corresponds to the true talisman of the fifth scene of Dongxuan Zhongyuan and is the Shen of the fifth scene. The left kidney Shen of the sixth scene of the middle section is named Chunyuanzhi, courtesy name Daoqing, and wears five-colored garments. He corresponds to the true talisman of the sixth scene of Dongxuan Zhongyuan and is the Shen of the sixth scene. The right kidney Shen of the seventh scene of the middle section is named Xiangwutayuan, courtesy name Daosheng, and has a body of two colors, black and white. He corresponds to the true talisman of the seventh scene of Dongxuan Zhongyuan and is the Shen of the seventh scene.

The Central True Eight-Scenery Spleen Shen (spirit) is named “Baoyuan Ling” and styled “Daoqian.” It appears in pure yellow, oversees the “Dongxuan Zhongyuan Bajing Zhenfu” (True Talisman of the Eight Sceneries of the Central Origin of Dongxuan), and commands the Eight-Scenery Shen.

The Diagrams of Immortals state that the “Lingbao Dongxuan Zhongyuan Bajing Zhenfu” (Numinous Treasure True Talisman of the Eight Sceneries of the Central Origin of Dongxuan) commands the eight-scenery spirit-truths of the central region and garrisons the Zhongyuan Palace in the human body (the palatial office corresponding to the spleen). After ingesting this talisman for eight years, the Eight Sceneries of the Central Origin manifest their forms, enabling the practitioner to communicate with the numinous, attain Shen, and perceive in all eight directions. One will also see divine mushrooms and jade nectar together with the cloud-sprouts of the five Qi (vital energy); the body emits radiance and one rides the carriages and mounts of the immortals, flying through the great void.

Diagram of the Immortal Six-Yin Jade Maidens

First True Qi of the Lower Section

The numinous consort emerges gracefully from Taiwei (a constellation that also denotes the dwelling of immortals). The jade maidens wear splendid garments of kingfisher green and vermilion. Their forms are elegant as they fly down from the sky, drifting lightly while riding upon emptiness. The mysterious natural Qi stabilizes the forms of the Six Yin (spirits associated with yin Jing and Qi). The practitioner contemplates them from afar, longing for a meeting, looking upward to invite the Six Ding (Daoist spirit-generals) to descend. They carry the radiance of sun and moon into the Golden Chamber, their bearing gentle and beautiful, their sentiments subtle and exquisite. The mysterious resonance arrives of itself; there is no need to pursue form or reputation deliberately. Transformation arises from condensation; once stimulus and response correspond, the spirits naturally appear.

Diagram of the Immortal Nine-Origins Guiding Immortals

Second True Qi of the Lower Section

Wangqing emits radiance in Xuandu (the dwelling of immortals), while ten sagely truths encircle Ziwei (a constellation that is also the pivot of the heavenly realm). Immortals emerge draped in clouds, all wearing fluttering feathered robes. Fragrant flowers scatter on the wind as immortals of the ten directions fly through the void. Cinnabar-hued cloudy heavens illuminate the light carriage canopies, into which the brilliance of sun and moon is poured. The practitioner gazes upward in yearning, hoping the wondrous truths will descend; the spirits, moved by the mind’s resonance, then arrive.

Immortal Guidance

Wangqing emits radiance in Xuandu, while ten sagely truths encircle Ziwei. Immortals emerge draped in clouds, all wearing fluttering feathered robes. Fragrant flowers scatter on the wind as immortals of the ten directions fly through the void. Cinnabar-hued cloudy heavens illuminate the light carriage canopies, into which the brilliance of sun and moon is poured. The practitioner gazes upward in yearning, hoping the wondrous truths will descend; the spirits, moved by the mind’s resonance, then arrive.

Immortal Daoyin Diagram

Third True Qi of the Lower Section

Dense five-colored cloudy Qi gives rise to numinous mushrooms, and mysterious radiance emits a jade-colored glow. The lingjin (numinous fluid, the saliva or wondrous Qi of cultivation) condenses in the Dongling Mansion (dwelling of spirits) and lingers between the palaces of the sun and moon.

The five-colored luminous patterns rise high, leading to the realm of the High True Ones, as flowing Jing-Qi (essence and vital energy) infuses the ten directions (all around).

Breathing cultivation becomes natural and effortless, without any sense of fatigue; the bodily form seems to stand in rank with the flying immortals, revealing a golden countenance. Through daoyin (a method of cultivation that regulates the breath and stretches the body) one draws in numinous Qi, filling the six fu-organs with mysterious nourishment. With concentrated quiet contemplation, it is easy to resonate with the Dao (the Way); sitting serenely in stillness, one can behold the realm of empty brightness and profound silence.

Chart of Hongbao in the Caverns of the Divine Immortals

Lower Section, the Fourth True Qi

One absorbs Jing-Qi and cultivates the Way of Taixuan, with the assembled True Ones dwelling peacefully therein. Below they govern the various famous mountains, their cavern palaces clear, empty, and luminous. Five-colored radiance illuminates the sun and moon; the assembled immortals each bear their titles and are listed among the reserves of the immortal realm. Above they command the Purple Tenuity Palace (one of the residences of the Heavenly Emperor), overall directing the heavenly deities and the immortal realm.

Among them is a practitioner of shouyi (one who concentrates on guarding the mind-spirit and unifying it), who carefully contemplates and awaits the manifestation of images from the Heavenly Dao. The Five Elders (spirits of the five directions) inspect and test him; his thoughts are upright, his emotions peaceful and joyful. He is able to pass through the palaces of water and fire, his name listed among the palaces of the Nine Heavens. How fortunate it is that those with aspiration finally get to ride the immortal chariot resembling sunlight.

Chart of Immortal Transformations and Hidden Aspects

Lower Section, the Fifth True Qi

Transformations arise in emptiness and nothingness; the Five Phases (Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, Water) can likewise cause the bodily form to vanish. Quietly observing the natural Qi, as well as the essences of Metal, Wood, Water, and Fire; Earth becomes the place of concealment and hiding, while the Six Fa (mysterious powers in the Daoist context) fill the courtyard of contained radiance. Jade maidens change their garments; Laozi and Zhuangzi seem to appear in response.

The bodily form can become so minute as to hide within a hair's breadth, or so vast as to encompass the numinous Qi of mountain peaks. By planting immortal herbs that communicate with the divine, one can stand in rank with the Eight Historians (divine clerks who serve the immortals in the immortal realm). All transformations can be carried out according to one's will, free and unfettered, bringing delight to the heart.

Chart of Immortals Gathering Zhi and Opening Mountains

Lower Section, the Sixth True Qi

The numinous mountains rise lofty and precipitous, verdant peaks piercing the clouds. The Five Zhi (five kinds of immortal fungi) grow upon the mysterious ridges, immortal herbs flourishing amid frost-laden branches.

On the mountains gather those who harvest the zhi, their clothing light and ethereal, traveling by means of feathers, drifting like immortals. The numinous caverns open after passing through ten thousand kalpas; once the light appears, they communicate with all the heavens.

The marvelous method brings a person to composure and wakefulness; things as numerous as the sands of the Ganges can, in the space of a single morning, be regarded as one and the same.

Chart of the Immortals’ Bright Mirror

The Seventh True Qi of the Lower Section

The marvelous and keen Qi (vital energy) generates awe-inspiring radiance that circulates in brightness, illuminating the dark nether regions of the eight directions. It is able to penetrate and observe within the square and the circle, to communicate with the true spirits, and also to distinguish ghosts, monsters, and sprites. The natural Qi contemplates the manifold darknesses, lighting up the forms of the heavenly realms and the human world. It can subdue demons and evil, enabling a person to attain the realm of the immortals; it can also transform the physical appearance and enter the Purple Court (the palaces of the celestial realm).

Chart of the Immortals’ Limitless Taiyi

The Eighth True Qi of the Lower Section

The Emperor-One True Qi (the highest True Qi) is splendidly radiant, and from the body there emerge garments like those of dragons and phoenixes. Its majestic light penetrates the Nine Heavens and brightly shines throughout the vast heaven and earth. It rises to rule over the various heavenly Qis, taking overall command of the ten thousand immortals and becoming the sovereign of the myriad immortals. The ancestral gate of the Ultimate Dao stands lofty and imposing, and the vast methods unfold in successive layers.

The Lingbao Chart of Immortals states that the eight true Shen (spirit) charts of the lower section are the natural Qi generated through transformation from the Qi of Yuanshi Lingbao Dongxuan (Cavern Mystery). They form the eight landscapes of the lower section, situated within the Lower Origin Palace of the human body (the inner palatial residences in the lower part of the body), and they enable the Qi of the lower origin to come forth. By concentrating the mind in visualization for eight years, the eight true ones of the lower origin will lead a thousand carriages and ten thousand riders, conveying the feathered canopies of the immortals and carrying the practitioner together to ascend into the Forest of Seven Treasures.

The Shen of the first landscape of the Lower True presides over the stomach; it is named Tong Zhuyu, style Daozhan, and appears yellow. It corresponds to the numinous talisman of the first landscape of Dongshen Lower Origin and commands the first landscape Shen. The Shen of the second landscape of the Lower True presides over the intestines; it is named Zhao Tengkang, style Daohuan, and appears yellow-red. It corresponds to the numinous talisman of the second landscape of Dongshen Lower Origin and commands the second landscape Shen. The Shen of the third landscape of the Lower True presides over the large and small intestines; it is named Peng Songliu, style Daochu, and appears red-yellow. It corresponds to the numinous talisman of the third landscape of Dongshen Lower Origin and commands the third landscape Shen. The Shen of the fourth landscape of the Lower True presides over the interior of the abdominal cavity; it is named Shou Houbo, style Daoxu, and appears in nine colors. It corresponds to the numinous talisman of the fourth landscape of Dongshen Lower Origin and commands the fourth landscape Shen.

The Lower True Five-Scenery God (the inner spirit governing the chest and diaphragm) is named Guangyingzhai, styled Daochong, and appears white. Cultivating the Dongshen (of the Three Caverns) Lower Origin Five-Scenery Numinous Talisman (the Fulu corresponding to the Lower Origin Five-Scenery God) commands the Five-Scenery God. The Lower True Six-Scenery God, who governs the two flanks, is named Pijia Maqi, styled Daocheng, and appears reddish-white. Cultivating the Dongshen Lower Origin Six-Scenery Numinous Talisman commands the Six-Scenery God. The Lower True Seven-Scenery God, who governs the yang Qi (vital energy) on the left side, is named Fuliu, styled Daogui, and appears in the three colors of green, yellow, and white. Cultivating the Dongshen Lower Origin Seven-Scenery Numinous Talisman commands the Seven-Scenery God. The Lower True Eight-Scenery God, who governs the yin Qi on the right side, is named Baobiaoming, styled Daosheng, and appears in the three colors of green, yellow, and white. Cultivating the Dongshen Lower Origin Eight-Scenery Numinous Talisman commands the Eight-Scenery God.

The Chart of Immortals states that the Lingbao Dongshen Lower Origin Eight-Scenery Numinous Talisman is used to command the Eight-Scenery Divine True Ones (the spirits among the Eight Sceneries) and to guard the Lower Origin Palace of the human body (the cultivation palace in the lower part of the body). After taking this talisman for eight years, the Lower Origin Eight Sceneries will manifest their forms. It helps nourish Jing (essence) and replenish Qi, temper the bone marrow, condense True Qi, and lend the body a glossy luster. The Qi of the Eight Sceneries rises like clouds and can carry a person in flight.

The Yuqing Seven Treasures Immortal Chart comprehensively commands the True Qi of the Three-Eight departments. Above the Three Pure Ones (Sanqing), True Qi unfolds serenely and condenses in the Great Canopy Heaven. The jade forest and emerald mysterious terrace reflect one another, while sun and moon illuminate the numinous pavilion. The flying-heaven Brahma Qi (the pure and wondrous Qi of ascent to the heavenly realms) rides the cloud scenery, draping down purple mists. Immortal Qi is dense and abundant, emerging through the clouds as hosts of numinous immortals arrive in successive ranks.

In the carefree Seven Treasures Forest, five-colored radiance moistens gold and silver. The assembled True Ones gather, ceremonial voices resound, numinous songs arise, celebrating the myriad gods. By concentrating the mind in visualization of the Three-Eight Sceneries, one can transcendently ascend the heavenly gate. In the first year of Chiming, on the upper Yin day of the first month at the hour of Wu, heavenly light shone brightly on all four sides, purple clouds encircled the sky, auspicious heavens converged from the eight directions, numinous winds caressed the Three-Eight Sceneries, and thereby the practitioner transcended and ascended the heavenly gate.

On the first Yin day of the first month in the first year of Chiming (the first Yin day of the first lunar month), at the hour of Wu (noon), the sky was bright and clear in all four directions. Purple clouds encircled the heavens, auspicious clouds gathered from the eight directions, and a numinous wind swept away the dust. The sun and moon emitted their radiance, and the five planets sent down a numinous Qi (vital energy) like nectar. Mists circulated between heaven and earth as fragrant flowers drifted down; rivers and seas fell silent, and the vapors among the mountains receded. All sufferings were eliminated at once. The souls of the Three Paths (the realms of hell, hungry ghosts, animals, and other states of suffering) received pardon; the Nine Darknesses (the depths of the netherworld) ceased their prosecutions; and the gates of the Long Night opened. Those who were deaf, mute, or blind recovered their faculties of hearing, speech, and sight, and all diseases were healed together. Treasures hidden in the earth were revealed, gold and jade appeared in their true forms, white bones regained vitality, and decaying corpses were restored to life as human beings. Dragons leaped with joy, and birds and beasts flew about in delight. The Three Realms (heaven, earth, humanity, and other worlds) enjoyed lasting peace and happiness, and both humans and spirits rejoiced.

This day was a grand celebration in which a world that had endured ten thousand kalpas was completely renewed. Yuanshi Tianzun (the Celestial Worthy of Primordial Beginning, one of the Three Pure Ones, Sanqing) held a banquet to receive guests in the Cinnabar Numina Grotto-Palace of South Huo Mountain in Chiming Heaven. He laid out five-colored patterned silks, constructed an altar of gold and paved the ground with silver, announced the matter to the deities with the Seven Treasures, and transmitted the Dongxuan (one of the Three Caverns) Golden Book of Purple Characters, Jade Writings, Cinnabar Chapters of Natural Numina.

This is a ritual text for conferring immortal registers, recording the origins of the recipient’s immortal registry, the ceremony of transmitting the methods, the requirements for cultivation, and the prohibitions on transmission.

The illustrated registers depict twenty-four true deities, the three divisions of scenic spirits, as well as celestial immortals, flying immortals, divine immortals, earthly immortals and other spirits, along with troops, horses, and chariots. Following solemn rituals and the laws of the Mysterious Gate, people are initiated by conferring registers according to the Mingzhen Kewen. Those receiving initiation must already possess a golden name listed in the immortal registries of the various heavens. At the conclusion of the great cycle, the documents must be retrieved and returned to the Purple Tenuity Palace of the Seven Treasures Mysterious Terrace in the Grand Luo.

Now that the Three Caverns (Dongzhen/Dongxuan/Dongshen) are in their destined cycle, the Lingbao Dharma Gate transmits its teachings, first transforming and promoting to fill vacancies among the immortal officials by selecting virtuous worthies to serve as the Black Emperor True Persons of the various heavens. Master Jujun of the Northern Peak received the methods from Master Yang of the Central Peak on the thirteenth day of the ninth month of the Wuxu year, in the Southern Cavern of Central Heaven. According to the old regulations, those already entered in the golden grids and jade registers and in harmony with the True Dao (the Way) should also be initiated to fill heavenly official posts; they wander the eight directions, coming from the void.

There is now one destined for initiation, a certain Jia, True Person of the Red Emperor, born in the Bingwu year, whose fate belongs to the immortal registry administered by the Southern Emperor of Cinnabar Heaven. Born in the seventh month and endowed with the measuring Qi (vital energy) of the Unadorned Heaven, his bone-destiny accords with the immortal true ones, and he is to fill the second-rank immortal official position of Dongxuan. On a certain year, month, and day, in a certain heaven, according to the old regulations of the Mingzhen Dafa transmitted by former masters, the recipient of the methods ascends the Yellow Altar, using the Seven Treasures to stabilize the altar’s numen and five colors as credentials of immortality, receiving the Wuliang Ziran Lingbao Dongxuan Jinshu, the purple-character jade texts and cinnabar chapters, the twenty-four true ones’ three-eight section diagrams, and the immortal chariots and riders.

The recipient of the methods, having received the Great Dharma, is jointly recommended by the Three Realms, with numinous officials and demonic hosts serving as witnesses and protectors. After receiving the methods, one is able to transcend the Five Paths, with one’s name entered in the golden slips and jade registers of the Purple Palace, ranking among the true immortals. Thereafter, in going forth and traveling, one wears the ceremonial robes of the heavenly realms, rides the clouds and drives dragons, holding a staff of three-seven colors; phoenix songs lead the way in front, heavenly music follows behind, the Five Emperors open the path, and the gods of Taiji (Supreme Ultimate) are arrayed among the carriages. Immortal youths and jade maidens scatter flowers and burn incense, jeweled canopies accompany as escort, and harmonious Qi fills the entire body, enabling ascent to the immortal palaces.

The recipient of the methods should observe ritual propriety, be cautious in speech and conduct, abandon greed for external objects and sensual pleasures, cut off distracting thoughts, still the mind and settle it in peace, and cultivate this method with single-minded focus. One must not mix with filthy and turbid Qi, nor mutually attract others, lest the true Qi be disturbed. One should constantly practice great compassion, widely saving sentient beings, praying for the stability of the nation, abundance for the people, and peace throughout the four seas; and enable the ancestors of seven generations as well as one’s parents all to be saved, their bodies entering the light, soon to be reborn in the human world. When the great kalpa comes to an end, they will together fly and ascend to Shangqing, freely roaming in the Seven Treasures Forest of the Golden Towers.

Those who have not yet become immortals and received initiation should cultivate according to the law for seven years. When the heavenly timing and conditions for cultivation are complete, and a response from the heavenly realm is obtained confirming accord with the immortal Dao, then the methods may be transmitted according to the regulations. If there is no numinous verification and response, even after forty thousand kalpas this method must not be preached.

If one rashly leaks the numinous texts, the parents will remain long trapped in darkness, and the one who leaks them will suffer the torment of wind-blades in the Five Paths through ten thousand kalpas. Therefore one must not arbitrarily proclaim it, but must follow the regulatory texts and observe the precepts; whether in life or death, one should cultivate together with the immortal assembly, fully complying with the provisions of the Mingzhen documents.

In the Heaven of Nine Qi (vital energy), a proclamation issues from the void: anyone who leaks the numinous writings within the Weisuhuinniu enclosure will cause their parents to be confined for long ages in the gloom of dark night; after death they themselves must pass through the Five Paths (the five destinations of rebirth), suffer the torment of the wind-blades, and endure ten thousand kalpas. Such a person dares not utter any further dissenting word, but observes the precepts according to the Keyi (liturgy), vowing to walk with the company of immortals through life and death, all in accordance with the Text of Illuminating the True.

In the Heaven of Nine Qi, the Azure-Numinous Demon King of the Cavernous Void has the following surname. In the Heaven of Three Qi, the Vermilion-Numinous Demon King of the Cavernous Void has the following surname. In the Central Yellow High Sovereign Heaven, the Yellow-Numinous Demon King of the Cavernous Void has the following surname. In the Heaven of Seven Qi, the White-Numinous Demon King of the Cavernous Void has the following surname. In the Heaven of Five Qi, the Black-Numinous Demon King of the Cavernous Void has the surname “Dong.”

In the first vista of the upper section of the Grotto-Heaven, the true spirit of the Brain Palace is named the Immortal Daodu; the flying celestial immortal officials in the Niwan Palace of the Grotto-Heaven number fourteen. In the second vista of the upper section of the Grotto-Heaven, the true spirit of the Hair Palace is named the Immortal Daoheng; the flying celestial immortal officials in the Tongjing Palace of the Grotto-Heaven number fourteen. In the third vista of the upper section of the Grotto-Heaven, the true spirit of the Skin Palace is named the Immortal Daolian; the flying celestial immortal officials in the Yuyi Palace of the Grotto-Heaven number fourteen. In the fourth vista of the upper section of the Grotto-Heaven, the true spirit of the Eye Palace is named the Immortal Daotong; the flying celestial immortal officials in the Dongming Palace of the Grotto-Heaven number fourteen. In the third vista of the upper section of the Grotto-Heaven, the true spirit of the Skin Palace is named the Immortal Daolian; the flying celestial immortal officials in the Yuyi Palace of the Grotto-Heaven number fourteen. In the fourth vista of the upper section of the Grotto-Heaven, the true spirit of the Eye Palace is named the Immortal Daotong; the flying celestial immortal officials in the Dongming Palace of the Grotto-Heaven number sixteen. In the fifth vista of the upper section of the Grotto-Heaven, the true spirit of the Nape-Marrow Palace is named the Immortal Daozhou; the flying celestial immortal officials in the Ningzhen Palace of the Grotto-Heaven number ten. In the sixth vista of the upper section of the Grotto-Heaven, the true spirit of the Chi Palace is named the Immortal Daozhu; the flying celestial immortal officials in the Tongjin Palace of the Grotto-Heaven number ten. In the seventh vista of the upper section of the Grotto-Heaven, the true spirit of the Nose Palace is named the Immortal Daowei; the flying celestial immortal officials in the Huiqi Palace of the Grotto-Heaven number thirteen. In the eighth vista of the natal section of the Grotto-Heaven, the true spirit of the Tongue Palace is named the Immortal Daoqi; the flying celestial immortal officials in the Wisdom Palace of the Grotto-Heaven number thirteen.

Within the eight vistas of the upper Grotto-Heaven, the numinous immortals who fly in formations of three and five and discharge their offices directly comprise eighty-one Gongcao (divine clerks of the Daoist celestial realm charged with transmitting commands and conducting affairs), known as the Flying Heaven Life-Delivering Gongcao. Within the eight vistas of the upper Grotto-Heaven there are a further eighty-one Gongcao among those same numinous immortals who fly in formations of three and five and discharge their offices directly, known as the Zhengyi (Orthodox Unity) Ascending-Mystery Gongcao.

In the Upper Eight Sceneries Grotto-Heaven there are flying Three-Five Direct Numinous Immortals together with Direct Envoys and Gongcao of vital Qi (Qi, vital energy), eighty-one of each. Here “Gongcao” denotes the divine clerks of the Daoist pantheon charged with conveying communications and conducting official business.

In the Upper Eight Sceneries Grotto-Heaven there are likewise flying Three-Five Direct Numinous Immortals as well as the Gongcao of the Lingbao Green Emperor, Red Emperor, Yellow Emperor, White Emperor and Black Emperor, eighty-one of each. These five Emperor-Lords correspond to the five directions: the Green Emperor resides in the East, the Red Emperor in the South, the Yellow Emperor in the Center, the White Emperor in the West and the Black Emperor in the North.

In the Upper Eight Sceneries Grotto-Heaven there are further the envoys under the command of the spontaneous Lingbao immortals: the Envoys Who Penetrate the True and Save Destiny, the Envoys Who Transmit Affairs and Fly Heavenward, the Incense-Officer Envoys of Vital Qi, and the Dongming Envoys of the Green, Red, Yellow and White Emperors, eighty-one of each. These titles show that each group of envoys has its own charge, connected respectively with reaching the true realm, conveying official matters, incense and vital Qi, and the Emperor-Lords of the five directions.

In the Eight Scenic Grotto-Heavens of the Upper Realm (the immortal landscapes of the eight directions in the upper heavens), the immortals who fly at will and possess the power of natural Lingbao are accompanied by the Dongming Black Emperor Envoys, with eighty-one persons in each category.

These immortals are further attended by the following Zhaijiao (purification ritual) officers, thirty-two in each category: the Jianzhai Zhishi who supervise the Zhai ritual affairs, the Dianzhai Zhishi who take charge of the Zhai ritual affairs, the Chuanyan Shuzuo who transmit messages and handle documents, the Pengxiang Shuzuo who hold the incense and assist with documents, the Jiangong Yezhe who supervise meritorious tasks as announcers, the Xiaoshi Yezhe who inspect affairs as announcers, the Shixiang Yutong who are jade youths serving the incense, and the Sanhua Yunü who are jade maidens scattering flowers.

The flying natural Lingbao among the Thirty-two Heavens of the Upper Realm and the Eight Scenic Grotto-Heavens are accompanied by the Xuwu Zhifu, with thirty-two persons in each category.

In addition, the Upper Realm is provided with the following Zhifu (celestial officers in the heavenly realm responsible for conveying, registering, or handling affairs), thirty-two in each category: the Shangyuan Zhifu, the Riyue Zhifu, the Chuanyan Zhifu, the Zoushi Zhifu, the Zhizhai Zhifu, and the Shixiang Zhifu.

In the grotto-heavens (Dongtian) of the upper thirty-two heavens are stationed the Direct Talismans of the Eight Scenes Flying Natural Lingbao Five Emperors (talisman officials who execute divine duties upon command), each consisting of thirty-two persons. The first scene of these grotto-heavens, located in the Lingbao Yang Palace of Bingyin (a palace position marked according to the stem-branch cycle of days), contains Flying Heavenly Perfected Ones who refine the brain and generate the hun soul, each numbering three thousand two hundred. The second scene, in the Lingbao Yin Palace of Bingshen, holds Flying Heavenly Perfected Ones who refine the hair and generate the po soul, each numbering three thousand two hundred. The third scene, in the Lingbao Yang Palace of Bingzi, has Flying Heavenly Perfected Ones who refine the skin, each numbering three thousand two hundred. The fourth scene, in the Lingbao Yin Palace of Bingwu, contains Flying Heavenly Perfected Ones who refine the eyes, each numbering three thousand two hundred.

The fifth scene, in the Lingbao Yang Palace of Dinghai, includes Flying Heavenly Perfected Ones who refine the marrow, each numbering three thousand two hundred. The sixth scene, in the Lingbao Yin Palace of Dingsi, features Flying Heavenly Perfected Ones who refine a certain bodily part, each numbering three thousand two hundred. The original text here displays an anomalous character form “婏w,” rendering it impossible to determine the intended referent. The seventh scene, in the Lingbao Yang Palace of Dingmao, comprises Flying Heavenly Perfected Ones who refine the nose, each numbering three thousand two hundred. The eighth scene, in the Lingbao Yin Palace of Dingyou, includes Flying Heavenly Perfected Ones who refine the tongue and generate the corpse, each numbering three thousand two hundred.

The Natural Lingbao Divine Immortals of the Eight Scenes of the Great Mystery Upper Grotto-Heavens command the heavenly immortal troops and horses that deliver destinies, each with nine hundred million myriad cavalry. These same immortals command the earthly immortal troops and horses that deliver destinies, each with nine hundred million myriad cavalry. They likewise command the flying immortal troops and horses that deliver destinies, each with nine hundred million myriad cavalry. They further command the Perfected Ones’ troops and horses that deliver destinies, each with nine hundred million myriad cavalry.

In the Grotto-Heaven (Dongtian) of the Upper Section of Taixuan—the grotto-heaven realm of the upper layer of Taixuan Heaven—there are the Natural Lingbao Divine Immortals of the Eight Scenes (Bajing, eight kinds of sacred vistas), together with the troops and horses commanded by the Spirit-Persons Who Deliver Life, each force numbering nine hundred million myriad cavalry.

The Natural Lingbao Divine Immortals of the Eight Scenes in the Upper Taixuan Grotto-Heaven command the sun-and-moon troops and horses that rescue and deliver life, each numbering nine hundred million myriad cavalry. They command the stellar-lodge troops and horses that rescue and deliver life, each numbering nine hundred million myriad cavalry. They command the Nine Palaces troops and horses that rescue and deliver life, each numbering nine hundred million myriad cavalry. They command the Five Emperors troops and horses that rescue and deliver life, each numbering nine hundred million myriad cavalry. They command the Five Sacred Peaks troops and horses that rescue and deliver life, each numbering nine hundred million myriad cavalry. They command the troops and horses of the Three Rivers and Four Seas that rescue and deliver life, each numbering nine hundred million myriad cavalry. They command the troops and horses of the Various Heavens’ Overseers of Immortals that rescue and deliver life, each numbering nine hundred million myriad cavalry. “Overseers of Immortals” (Duxian) refers to the office of commanding and supervising the perfected immortals. They command the troops and horses that extinguish and deliver the living corpse, each numbering nine hundred million myriad cavalry. “Extinguishing and delivering the living corpse” means enabling the living to be released from the bondage of physical form and to attain deliverance.

The troops and horses of the Eight Scenes of the Upper Taixuan Grotto-Heaven each number nine hundred million myriad cavalry. The Natural Lingbao Divine Immortals of the Eight Scenes in the Upper Taixuan Grotto-Heaven again command the troops and horses that extinguish and deliver the living corpse, each numbering nine hundred million myriad cavalry. They command the troops and horses that open deliverance and regenerate life, each numbering nine hundred million myriad cavalry. “Opening deliverance and regenerating life” means opening the gate of salvation so that life may be newly generated.

The Natural Lingbao Divine Immortals of the Eight Scenes in the Upper Taixuan Grotto-Heaven possess Golden Dragon cavalry, each numbering nine hundred million myriad. They possess Flying Dragon cavalry, each numbering nine hundred million myriad. They possess Wandering Dragon cavalry, each numbering nine hundred million myriad. They possess Divine Dragon cavalry, each numbering nine hundred million myriad. They possess Relay Dragon cavalry, each numbering nine hundred million myriad. They possess Cloud Dragon cavalry, each numbering nine hundred million myriad.

In the grotto-heaven (Dongtian) of the upper section of Tai Xuan, the eight scenes (Bajing) natural Lingbao immortals command the dragon-tiger cavalry, with each category numbering nine hundred million people. They command the soaring-dragon cavalry, with each category likewise numbering nine hundred million people. They command the green-sprout jade maidens of the nine-Qi (vital energy) heavenly palace of life salvation (the female immortals of the heavenly palace), totaling nine thousand people. They command the vermilion-cinnabar jade maidens of the three-Qi heavenly palace of life salvation, totaling three thousand people. ... thousand people. They command the vermilion-cinnabar jade maidens of the three-Qi heavenly palace of life salvation, totaling three thousand people. They command the bright-stone jade maidens of the seven-Qi heavenly palace of life salvation, totaling seven thousand people. They command the mysterious-nourishment jade maidens of the five-Qi heavenly palace of life salvation, totaling five thousand people. They command the numinous-knob jade maidens of the central yellow upper heavenly officials of life salvation, totaling twelve thousand people.

The Azure Emperor of the Eastern Peak (Dongyue Qingdi), who manages the east, commands the principal-chart flying-heaven clerks, totaling twenty-four people. The Red Emperor of the Southern Peak (Nanyue Chidi), who manages the south, commands the principal-chart flying-heaven clerks, totaling twenty-four people. The Yellow Emperor of the Central Peak (Zhongyue Huangdi), who manages the central direction, commands the principal-chart flying-heaven clerks, totaling twenty-four people. The eight scenes natural Lingbao immortals in the grotto-heaven of the upper section of Tai Xuan. The Yellow Emperor of the Central Peak commands the principal-chart flying-heaven clerks, totaling twenty-four people. The White Emperor of the Western Peak (Xiyue Baidi), who manages the west, commands the principal-chart flying-heaven clerks, totaling twenty-four people. The Black Emperor of the Northern Peak (Beiyue Heidi), who manages the north, commands the principal-chart flying-heaven clerks, totaling twenty-four people.

The true-spirit Dao-penetrating immortals of the first-scene throat palace in the middle section of Dongxuan command the Dongxuan soul-refining flying-heaven upper immortal officials, totaling fourteen people.

In the second jing of the middle section of Dongxuan, there is a true Shen (spirit) in charge of the Fu Palace, called “Daoping Shenxian”; there are fourteen Dongxuan immortal officials who refine the hun soul and fly to heaven. In the third jing of the middle section of Dongxuan, there is a true Shen in charge of the Heart Palace, called “Daoming Shenzhuan”; there are fourteen Dongxuan immortal officials who refine immortality and fly to heaven. In the fourth jing of the middle section of Dongxuan, there is a true Shen in charge of the Liver Palace, called “Daoqing Shenxian”; there are ten Dongxuan immortal officials of wisdom and sageliness who fly to heaven. In the fifth jing of the middle section of Dongxuan, there is a true Shen in charge of the Gallbladder Palace, called “Daofang Shenxian”; there are ten Dongxuan immortal officials who stabilize the will and fly to heaven. In the sixth jing of the middle section of Dongxuan, there is a true Shen in charge of the left kidney, called “Daoqing Shenxian”; there are ten Dongxuan immortal officials who generate Shen and fly to heaven. In the seventh jing of the middle section of Dongxuan, there is a true Shen in charge of the right kidney, called “Daosheng Shenxi”; there are ten Dongxuan immortal officials who generate immortality and fly to heaven. In the eighth jing of the middle section of Dongxuan, there is a true Shen in charge of the Spleen Palace, called “Daoqian Shenxian”; there are ten Dongxuan immortal officials who guard emptiness and fly to heaven.

The “jing” referred to here indicates the scenic realms inhabited by the inner true spirits; the “fu” are the spirit palaces of the internal viscera of the human body. These names and numbers are enumerating the true spirits and immortal officials that correspond to the eight jings of the middle section.

In the eight jings of the middle section, the flying-to-heaven life-saving Gongcao under the command of the Dongxuan Flying Three-Five Direct Spirit Immortals number eighty-one; the Zhengyi (Orthodox Unity) ascending-to-mystery Gongcao number eighty-one; the direct-envoy generating-Qi (vital energy) Gongcao number eighty-one; the Lingbao Green Emperor Gongcao, the Lingbao Red Emperor Gongcao, and the Lingbao Yellow Emperor Gongcao each also number eighty-one. “Gongcao” are the subordinate clerks in the Daoist system of divine beings who are ordered to handle affairs.

Beneath the Flying Three-Five Direct Spirit Immortals of the Eight Sceneries of Dongxuan in the Central Division stand the Gongcao of the Lingbao White Emperor (the deity among the Five Directional Heavenly Emperors who governs the West), spirit officials charged with transmitting commands and conducting affairs, numbering eighty-one. Beneath the same rank stand likewise the Gongcao of the Lingbao Black Emperor (the deity who governs the North), also numbering eighty-one.

Beneath the Flying Natural Lingbao Divine Transmission of the Eight Sceneries of Dongxuan in the Central Division stand the Tongzhen Dumming Messengers, spirit envoys who communicate with the true realm and deliver living beings, numbering eighty-one. Beneath the Flying Natural Lingbao Immortals of the Eight Sceneries of Dongxuan in the Central Division stand the Chuanshi Feitian Messengers, spirit envoys who transmit affairs and travel through flight, numbering eighty-one. Beneath the same rank stand the Xiangguan Shengqi Messengers, spirit envoys who oversee incense and the qi of generation, numbering eighty-one.

Beneath the Flying Natural Lingbao Immortals of the Eight Sceneries of Dongxuan in the Central Division stand the Dongming Qingdi Messengers, insightful spirit envoys who serve the Green Emperor of the East, numbering eighty-one. Beneath the same rank stand the Dongming Chidi Messengers, insightful spirit envoys who serve the Red Emperor of the South, numbering eighty-one. Beneath the same rank there are in addition the Dongming Huangxuan Flying Natural Lingbao Immortals; the Dongming Chidi Messengers number eighty-one. Beneath the same rank stand the Dongming Huangdi Messengers, insightful spirit envoys who serve the Yellow Emperor of the Center, numbering eighty-one. Beneath the same rank stand the Dongming Baidi Messengers, insightful spirit envoys who serve the White Emperor of the West, numbering eighty-one. Beneath the same rank stand the Dongming Heidi Messengers, insightful spirit envoys who serve the Black Emperor of the North, numbering eighty-one.

Beneath the Flying Natural Lingbao Immortals of the Eight Sceneries of Dongxuan in the Central Division stand the Jianzhai Zhishi, spirit clerks who supervise the affairs of Zhaijiao purification rituals, numbering thirty-two. Beneath the same rank stand the Dianzhai Zhishi, spirit clerks who manage the conduct of Zhaijiao ritual affairs, numbering thirty-two. Beneath the same rank stand the Chuanyan Shuzuo, spirit clerks who transmit speech and assist with documentary affairs, numbering thirty-two. Beneath the same rank stand the Pengxiang Shuzuo, spirit clerks who present incense and assist with documentary affairs, numbering thirty-two. Beneath the same rank stand the Jiangong Yezhe, spirit clerks who supervise merit and make reports, numbering thirty-two. Beneath the same rank stand the Jiaoshi Yezhe, spirit clerks who examine affairs and make reports, numbering thirty-two.

The Lingbao (Numinous Treasure) divine immortals of the Eight Sceneries of Dongxuan (Cavern of Mystery, one of the Three Caverns) who fly spontaneously, dwelling in the middle region and corresponding to the Dao (the Way) of the Eight Sceneries of Dongxuan, each have thirty-two Jade Lads attending the incense. These Lingbao divine immortals of the Eight Sceneries of Dongxuan who fly spontaneously in the middle region each have thirty-two Jade Maidens who scatter flowers, female immortals charged with scattering blossoms in attendance. The spontaneously flying youths of the Eight Sceneries of Dongxuan in the Thirty-two Heavens of the middle region number thirty-two each. The Lingbao divine immortals of the Eight Sceneries of Dongxuan who fly spontaneously in the middle region each have thirty-two Jade Maidens who scatter flowers.

The spontaneously flying Lingbao of the Eight Sceneries of Dongxuan in the Thirty-two Heavens of the middle region include thirty-two Direct Talisman Officers of the Void Origin each, celestial clerks who administer the affairs of the Void Origin; thirty-two Direct Talisman Officers of the Upper Origin each, celestial clerks who administer the affairs of the Upper Origin; thirty-two Direct Talisman Officers of the Sun and Moon each, celestial clerks who administer the affairs of the sun and moon; thirty-two Direct Talisman Officers who transmit commands each, celestial clerks charged with conveying spoken orders; thirty-two Direct Talisman Officers who present memorials each, celestial clerks charged with submitting official reports; thirty-two Direct Talisman Officers of purification each, celestial clerks charged with the affairs of fasting and purification; thirty-two Direct Talisman Officers attending incense each, celestial clerks charged with serving the incense; and thirty-two Direct Talisman Officers of the Five Emperors each, celestial clerks who attend the Heavenly Emperors of the five directions.

The Flying Immortal Highest Perfected of the First Scenery of Dongxuan Lingbao in the Thirty-two Heavens of the middle region, who refined the throat in the Yang Palace at the Bingwu position—high-ranking Perfected dwelling in the Yang Palace who attained their station by cultivating the throat at Bingwu—each have thirty-two Direct Talisman Officers attending incense. The spontaneously flying Lingbao of the Eight Sceneries of Dongxuan in the Thirty-two Heavens of the middle region each have thirty-two Direct Talisman Officers of the Five Emperors. The Flying Immortal Highest Perfected of the First Scenery of Dongxuan Lingbao in the Thirty-two Heavens of the middle region, who refined the throat in the Yang Palace at the Bingwu position, number three thousand two hundred each. The Flying Immortal Highest Perfected of the Second Scenery of Dongxuan Lingbao in the Thirty-two Heavens of the middle region, who refined the fei region in the Yin Palace at the Bingxu position—high-ranking Perfected dwelling in the Yin Palace who attained their station by cultivating the “fei” region at Bingxu—number three thousand two hundred each. The Flying Immortal Highest Perfected of the Third Scenery of Dongxuan Lingbao in the Thirty-two Heavens of the middle region, who refined the heart in the Yang Palace at the Dingchou position—high-ranking Perfected dwelling in the Yang Palace who attained their station by cultivating the heart-Shen (spirit) at Dingchou—number three thousand two hundred each.

The fourth scene of Dongxuan among the thirty-two heavens of the middle section belongs to the Lingbao Yin Palace and corresponds to Dingwei. Cultivation here is directed at the liver, and those who succeed may become flying immortals or superior perfected ones, each numbering 3,200 persons. The fifth scene of Dongxuan in the thirty-two heavens of the middle section belongs to the Lingbao Yang Palace and corresponds to Wuyin, with cultivation focused on the gallbladder; successful practice likewise yields flying immortals or superior perfected ones, each with 3,200 persons. The sixth scene of Dongxuan among these heavens belongs to the Lingbao Yin Palace, corresponding to Wushen, and takes the left kidney as its object of cultivation, again allowing attainment of flying immortal or superior perfected status, each group comprising 3,200 persons. The seventh scene of Dongxuan in the thirty-two heavens of the middle section belongs to the Lingbao Yang Palace and corresponds to Wuzi, targeting the right kidney, with the same results of becoming flying immortals or superior perfected ones at 3,200 persons each. The eighth scene of Dongxuan among the thirty-two heavens of the middle section belongs to the Lingbao Yin Palace, corresponding to Wuwu, and centers cultivation on the spleen, enabling those who complete it to become flying immortals or superior perfected ones, each numbering 3,200 persons.

The eight scenes of Dongxuan in the Taixuan middle section (the eight layers of heavenly realms within the Taixuan middle division) consist of naturally manifest Lingbao divine immortals who command the heavenly immortal troops charged with protecting and safeguarding life, each force comprising nine hundred million cavalry. The various divine immortals of the Taixuan middle section each number 3,200 persons. The eighth scene of Dongxuan among the thirty-two heavens of the middle section belongs to the Lingbao Yin Palace and corresponds to Wuwu; cultivation focuses on the spleen, and those who succeed may become flying immortals or superior perfected ones, each with 3,200 persons.

The naturally manifest Lingbao divine immortals of the eight scenes of Dongxuan in the Taixuan middle section command the earthly immortal troops that protect and safeguard life, each with nine hundred million cavalry. These same immortals command the flying immortal troops that protect and safeguard life, each with nine hundred million cavalry. They command the perfected-person troops that protect and safeguard life, each with nine hundred million cavalry. They command the spirit-person troops that protect and safeguard life, each with nine hundred million cavalry. They command the sun-and-moon troops that protect and safeguard life, each with nine hundred million cavalry. They command the constellation troops that protect and safeguard life, each with nine hundred million cavalry. They command the nine-palace troops that protect and safeguard life, each with nine hundred million cavalry. They command the five-emperor troops that protect and safeguard life, each with nine hundred million cavalry.

The natural Lingbao immortals of the Dongxuan Eight Scenes of the Tai Xuan Central Section (the mysterious central hub spoken of in Daoism, being the eight numinous wondrous scenes within the Dongxuan dharma-gate) command the troops and horses of the Nine Officials of Life Salvation, each category having nine hundred million cavalry. These immortals command the troops and horses of the Five Emperors of Life Salvation, each category having nine hundred million cavalry. They command the troops and horses of the Five Sacred Peaks of Life Salvation, each category having nine hundred million cavalry. They command the troops and horses of the Overseeing Immortals of All Heavens of Life Salvation, each category having nine hundred million cavalry. They command the troops and horses of the Three Rivers and Four Seas of Life Salvation, each category having nine hundred million cavalry.

The natural Lingbao immortals of the Dongxuan Eight Scenes of the Tai Xuan Central Section command the troops and horses used for the extinction and deliverance of living corpses, each category having nine hundred million cavalry. They command the troops and horses for opening salvation and rebirth, each category having nine hundred million cavalry. “Opening salvation and rebirth” refers to initiating deliverance so as to obtain new life. They command the Golden Dragon cavalry, each category having nine hundred million members.

The Dongxuan troops of the Tai Xuan Central Section number ten thousand cavalry.

The natural Lingbao immortals of the Dongxuan Eight Scenes of the Tai Xuan Central Section command the troops and horses for opening salvation and rebirth, each category having nine hundred million cavalry. They command the Golden Dragon cavalry, each category having nine hundred million members. They command the Flying Dragon cavalry, each category having nine hundred million members. They command the Wandering Dragon cavalry, each category having nine hundred million members. They command the Divine Dragon cavalry, each category having nine hundred million members. They command the Relay Dragon cavalry, each category having nine hundred million members. They command the Cloud Dragon cavalry, each category having nine hundred million members. They command the Dragon-Tiger cavalry, each category having nine hundred million members. They command the Dragon-Tiger cavalry, each category having nine hundred million members.

In the Eight Scenes of Dongxuan in the middle section of Tai Xuan (the divine realm of the Eight Scenes of Dongxuan within the middle Tai Xuan), there are natural Lingbao immortals as well as divine hosts who ride in dragon-drawn carriages, each numbering nine hundred million.

In this divine realm the Nine-Qi Heavenly Officials responsible for delivering destinies together with the Azure Sprout Jade Maidens number nine thousand each, while the Three-Qi Heavenly Officials responsible for delivering destinies together with the Cinnabar Jade Maidens number three thousand each. The account further records another complement of nine thousand Nine-Qi Heavenly Officials and Azure Sprout Jade Maidens as well as three thousand Three-Qi Heavenly Officials and Cinnabar Jade Maidens. In addition there are seven thousand Seven-Qi Heavenly Officials and Luminous Stone Jade Maidens, five thousand Five-Qi Heavenly Officials and Mysterious Nourishment Jade Maidens, and twelve thousand Central Yellow Heavenly Officials of the Upper Heaven together with Numinous Knob Jade Maidens.

Within the Eight Scenes of Dongxuan in the middle Tai Xuan, the Flying Heaven Officials in charge of the diagrams number twenty-four for the Eastern Azure Emperor (the Heavenly Emperor of the East), twenty-four for the Southern Vermilion Emperor (the Heavenly Emperor of the South), twenty-four for the Yellow Emperor of the Central Peak (the Heavenly Emperor of the center), twenty-four for the Western White Emperor (the Heavenly Emperor of the West), and twenty-four for the Northern Black Emperor (the Heavenly Emperor of the North). The original text also repeats the listing of the Flying Heaven Officials belonging to the Yellow Emperor of the Central Peak and the White Emperor of the Western Peak.

Among the true-spirit Dao-manifesting immortals of the Stomach Palace in the First Scene of the lower section of Dongling (the immortals dwelling in the divine realm of the Stomach Palace), the Dongling Origin-Penetrating Flying Heaven Transmission Officials number fourteen each.

In the second Scene of the lower section of Dongling, the Intestinal Mansion—the divine mansion within the body that governs the intestines—houses a true spirit known as the “Dao-Returning Immortal” (Dao, the Way). The flying celestial immortal officials of Dongling and Dongwei number fourteen in each of the two locales.

In the third Scene of the lower section of Dongling, the Mansions of the Large and Small Intestines house a true spirit known as the “Dao-Kitchen Immortal.” The flying celestial immortals of Dongling and Yinkong number ten in each of the two locales.

In the fourth Scene of the lower section of Dongling, the Torso Mansion—the divine mansion within the body associated with the trunk—houses a true spirit known as the “Dao-Void Immortal.” The flying celestial transmitting officials of Dongling and Douming number ten in each of the two locales.

In the fifth Scene of the lower section of Dongling, the Chest-Diaphragm Mansion—the divine mansion within the body associated with the chest and the diaphragm—houses a true spirit known as the “Dao-Surging Immortal.” The flying celestial immortal officials of Dongling and Biri number ten in each of the two locales.

In the sixth Scene of the lower section of Dongling, the Dual-Flank Mansion—the divine mansion within the body that governs the two flanks—houses a true spirit known as the “Dao-Accomplishing Immortal.” The flying celestial immortal officials of Dongling and Jiexing number ten in each of the two locales.

In the seventh Scene of the lower section of Dongling, the Left Yang Mansion houses a true spirit known as the “Dao-Gui Immortal.” The flying celestial immortal officials of Dongling and Miejie number ten in each of the two locales.

In the eighth Scene of the lower section of Dongling, the Right Yin Mansion (Yin-Yang) houses a true spirit known as the “Dao-Generating Immortal.” The flying celestial immortal officials of Dongling and Tengxu number ten in each of the two locales.

Within the eight Scenes of the lower section, the Dongling Flying Three-Five Direct-Spirit Immortals, together with the Flying Heaven Life-Delivering Merit Officers—divine clerks charged with conveying orders and handling affairs—number eighty-one each.

Within the eight Scenes of the lower section, the Dongling Flying Three-Five Direct-Spirit Immortals, together with the Zhengyi (Orthodox Unity) Mystery-Ascending Merit Officers, number eighty-one each.

Within the eight Scenes of the lower section, the Dongling Flying Three-Five Direct-Spirit Immortals, together with the Direct-Envoy Vital-Qi Merit Officers (Qi, vital energy), number eighty-one each.

Within the eight Scenes of the lower section, the Dongling Flying Three-Five Direct-Spirit Immortals, together with the Lingbao Azure Emperor Merit Officers, number eighty-one each.

Within the eight Scenes of the lower section, the Dongling Flying Three-Five Direct-Spirit Immortals, together with the Lingbao Vermillion Emperor Merit Officers, number eighty-one each.

Within the eight Scenes of the lower section, the Dongling Flying Three-Five Direct-Spirit Immortals, together with the Lingbao Yellow Emperor Merit Officers, number eighty-one each.

Within the eight Scenes of the lower section, the Dongling Flying Three-Five Direct-Spirit Immortals, together with the Lingbao Vermillion Emperor Merit Officers, number eighty-one each.

In the “Lower Eight Sceneries Cavern-Spirit Flying Three-Five Direct-Spirit Immortals,” there are eighty-one Lingbao Yellow Emperor Gongcao (divine officials who execute the Yellow Emperor’s commands and assist in conveying affairs). In the same immortal system, there are eighty-one Lingbao White Emperor Gongcao and eighty-one Lingbao Black Emperor Gongcao.

Among the Natural Lingbao Immortals, there are eighty-one Tongzhen Duming Messengers (envoys who communicate with the True Realm and deliver lives); eighty-one Chuanshi Feitian Messengers (heavenly envoys who transmit affairs); and eighty-one Xiangguan Shengqi Messengers (envoys in charge of incense rites and generating Qi).

There are eighty-one each of the Dongming Green Emperor Messengers, Dongming Red Emperor Messengers, Dongming Yellow Emperor Messengers, Dongming White Emperor Messengers, and Dongming Black Emperor Messengers. The Green Emperor, Red Emperor, Yellow Emperor, White Emperor, and Black Emperor are the Five Directional Sovereigns who respectively preside over the East, South, Center, West, and North.

In addition, the Jianzhai Zhishi (divine personnel who supervise purification ritual affairs) and Dianzhai Zhishi (divine personnel who administer purification ritual affairs) each number thirty-two; the Chuanyan Shuzuo (attendants who transmit speech and documents) and Pengxiang Shuzuo (attendants who hold incense offerings and assist in the rites) also each number thirty-two.

In the system of the “Eight Sceneries Cavern-Numinous Flying Natural Lingbao Divine Immortals” (Bajing Dongling Feixing Ziran Lingbao Shenxian) of the lower section, there are thirty-two Merit-Supervising Envoys (Jiangong Yezhe). The Merit-Supervising Envoys are a divine office responsible for inspecting meritorious achievements and transmitting official business.

Within the same system there are also thirty-two Affairs-Inspecting Envoys (Jiaoshi Yezhe) charged with checking and verifying matters; thirty-two Jade Youths Attending the Incense (Shixiang Yutong), boy divinities who serve the incense offerings; and thirty-two Affairs-Inspecting Envoys among the Dispersed-Numina Flying Natural Lingbao Divine Immortals.

In addition there are thirty-two Jade Youths Attending the Incense and thirty-two Jade Maidens Scattering Flowers (Sanhua Yunü). The Jade Maidens Scattering Flowers are goddess attendants whose duty is to scatter blossoms.

In the Cavern-Numinous Eight Sceneries Flying Natural Lingbao system of the thirty-two heavens of the lower section, the Void-Origin Duty Envoys (Xuyuan Zhifu), Upper-Origin Duty Envoys (Shangyuan Zhifu), Sun-and-Moon Duty Envoys (Riyue Zhifu), Message-Conveying Duty Envoys (Chuanyan Zhifu), Memorial-Presenting Duty Envoys (Zoushi Zhifu), Purification-Duty Envoys (Zhizhai Zhifu), Five Emperors Duty Envoys (Wudi Zhifu), and Incense-Attending Duty Envoys (Shixiang Zhifu) each number thirty-two persons. Duty Envoys (Zhifu) are divine clerks commissioned to transmit documents and transact the affairs of the spirit realm; these names respectively indicate their particular charges or affiliations.

In the Yang Palace of the Cavern-Numinous One-Scenery Lingbao of the thirty-two heavens of the lower section there are moreover three thousand two hundred Jihai Stomach-Refining Florescence-Generating Flying Heavenly Perfected Ones (Jihai Lianwei Shenghua Feitian Shangzhen). This is a title of flying heavenly perfected ones linked to a specific heavenly realm, palatial rank, and cultivation designation; “Jihai” is a year in the sexagenary cycle of stems and branches, while “Stomach-Refining Florescence-Generating” is the cultivation practice or divine-true appellation listed here.

In the second jing (scene) of Dongling of the lower thirty-two heavens, the Lingbao Yin Palace corresponds to the Jisi day. During cultivation one refines and nourishes the intestines so that jinye fluids arise within them; therein are 3,200 Flying Heavenly Perfected Ones (feitian shangzhen).

In the third jing of Dongling of the lower thirty-two heavens, the Lingbao Yang Palace corresponds to the Jimao day. During cultivation one refines and nourishes the large and small intestines so that liquids arise within them; therein are 3,200 Flying Heavenly Perfected Ones.

In the fourth jing of Dongling of the lower thirty-two heavens, the Lingbao Yin Palace corresponds to the Jiyou day. During cultivation one refines and nourishes the chest and abdomen so that radiance arises; therein are 3,200 Flying Heavenly Perfected Ones.

In the fifth jing of Dongling of the lower thirty-two heavens, the Lingbao Yang Palace corresponds to the Wuchen day. During cultivation one refines and nourishes the chest and diaphragm so that “juan” (weariness) is produced; therein are 3,200 Flying Heavenly Perfected Ones.

In the fifth jing of Dongling of the lower thirty-two heavens, the Lingbao Yang Palace corresponds to the Wuchen day. During cultivation one refines and nourishes the chest and diaphragm so that “juan” (weariness) is produced; therein are 3,200 Flying Heavenly Perfected Ones.

In the sixth jing of Dongling of the lower thirty-two heavens, the Lingbao Yin Palace corresponds to the Wuxu day. During cultivation one refines and nourishes both cheeks so that shenming (divine illumination) arises; therein are 3,200 Flying Heavenly Perfected Ones.

In the seventh jing of Dongling of the lower thirty-two heavens, the Lingbao Yang Palace corresponds to the Jichou day. During cultivation one refines and nourishes the yang region on the left so that life is prolonged; therein are 3,200 Flying Heavenly Perfected Ones.

In the eighth jing of Dongling of the lower thirty-two heavens, the Lingbao Yin Palace corresponds to the Jiwei day. During cultivation one refines and nourishes the yin region on the right so that life is prolonged; therein are 3,200 Flying Heavenly Perfected Ones.

The Natural Lingbao Divine Immortals of the eight jing of Dongling in the lower section of Taixuan command the life-prolonging celestial immortal (tianxian) troops, each category having nine hundred million cavalry.

The Natural Lingbao Divine Immortals of the eight jing of Dongling in the lower section of Taixuan command the life-prolonging earth immortal (dixian) troops, each category having nine hundred million cavalry.

The Natural Lingbao Divine Immortals of the eight jing of Dongling in the lower section of Taixuan command the life-prolonging flying immortal (feixian) troops, each category having nine hundred million cavalry.

The Natural Lingbao Divine Immortals of the eight jing of Dongling in the lower section of Taixuan command the life-prolonging Perfected (zhenren) troops, each category having nine hundred million cavalry.

The Natural Lingbao Divine Immortals of the eight jing of Dongling in the lower section of Taixuan command the life-prolonging spirit-person (shenren) troops, each category having nine hundred million cavalry; they also array Perfected troops, each category having nine hundred million cavalry.

The Natural Lingbao Divine Immortals of the eight jing of Dongling in the lower section of Taixuan command the life-prolonging spirit-person troops, each category having nine hundred million cavalry.

The Natural Lingbao Divine Immortals of the eight jing of Dongling in the lower section of Taixuan command the life-prolonging sun-and-moon troops, each category having nine hundred million cavalry.

The Natural Lingbao Divine Immortals of the Eight Sceneries of Dongling in the lower section of the Taixuan (tàixuán) system (the Natural Lingbao Divine Immortals who occupy the lower part of the Taixuan system and are associated with the Eight Sceneries of Dongling) command the constellation troops, each with nine hundred million cavalry. The Natural Lingbao Divine Immortals of the Eight Sceneries of Dongling in the lower section of the Taixuan system command the Nine Palaces troops, each with nine hundred million cavalry. The Natural Lingbao Divine Immortals of the Eight Sceneries of Dongling in the lower section of the Taixuan system command the Five Emperors troops, each with nine hundred million cavalry. The Natural Lingbao Divine Immortals of the Eight Sceneries of Dongling in the lower section of the Taixuan system command the Five Sacred Peaks troops, each with nine hundred million cavalry. The Natural Lingbao Divine Immortals of the Eight Sceneries of Dongling in the lower section of the Taixuan system command the Three Rivers and Four Seas troops, each with nine hundred million cavalry. The Natural Lingbao Divine Immortals of the Eight Sceneries of Dongling in the lower section of the Taixuan system command the supervising immortal troops of all the heavens, each with nine hundred million cavalry. The Natural Lingbao Divine Immortals of the Eight Sceneries of Dongling in the lower section of the Taixuan system command the life-corpse troops (divine soldiers connected with life, death, and corpse liberation), each with nine hundred million cavalry. The Natural Lingbao of the Eight Sceneries of Dongling in the lower section of Taixuan. The Natural Lingbao Divine Immortals of the Eight Sceneries of Dongling in the lower section of the Taixuan system command the life-corpse troops, each with nine hundred million cavalry. The Natural Lingbao Divine Immortals of the Eight Sceneries of Dongling in the lower section of the Taixuan system command the opening-deliverance rebirth troops (divine soldiers responsible for opening the way of salvation and granting new life), each with nine hundred million cavalry. The Natural Lingbao Divine Immortals of the Eight Sceneries of Dongling in the lower section of the Taixuan system command the golden dragon cavalry, each numbering nine hundred million. The Natural Lingbao Divine Immortals of the Eight Sceneries of Dongling in the lower section of the Taixuan system command the flying dragon cavalry, each numbering nine hundred million. The Natural Lingbao Divine Immortals of the Eight Sceneries of Dongling in the lower section of the Taixuan system command the wandering dragon cavalry, each numbering nine hundred million. The Natural Lingbao Divine Immortals of the Eight Sceneries of Dongling in the lower section of the Taixuan system command the relay dragon cavalry, each numbering nine hundred million. The Natural Lingbao Divine Immortals of the Eight Sceneries of Dongling in the lower section of the Taixuan system command the divine dragon cavalry, each numbering nine hundred million. The Natural Lingbao Divine Immortals of the Eight Sceneries of Dongling in the lower section of the Taixuan system command the cloud dragon cavalry, each numbering nine hundred million. The Natural Lingbao Divine Immortals of the Eight Sceneries of Dongling in the lower section of the Taixuan system command the dragon-tiger cavalry, each numbering nine hundred million.

The Natural Lingbao divine immortals in the Eight Scenes of Dongling of the Lower Section of Taixuan each have nine attendants who ride dragons soaring into the air; they also have attendants who ride dragons and tigers, numbering in the hundreds of millions. The Natural Lingbao divine immortals in the Eight Scenes of Dongling of the Lower Section of Taixuan each have attendants who ride dragons soaring into the air, numbering in the hundreds of millions.

The Natural Lingbao divine immortals in the Eight Scenes of Dongling of the Lower Section of Taixuan have the Nine-Qi (Qi, vital energy) Heavenly Officials who preside over the salvation of life, each accompanied by nine thousand Green Sprout Jade Maidens. The Natural Lingbao divine immortals in the Eight Scenes of Dongling of the Lower Section of Taixuan have the Three-Qi Heavenly Officials who preside over the salvation of life, each accompanied by three thousand Vermilion Cinnabar Jade Maidens. The Natural Lingbao divine immortals in the Eight Scenes of Dongling of the Lower Section of Taixuan have the Seven-Qi Heavenly Officials who preside over the salvation of life, each accompanied by seven thousand Bright Stone Jade Maidens. The Natural Lingbao divine immortals in the Eight Scenes of Dongling of the Lower Section of Taixuan have the Five-Qi Heavenly Officials who preside over the salvation of life, each accompanied by five thousand Mysterious Moisture Jade Maidens. The Natural Lingbao divine immortals in the Eight Scenes of Dongling of the Lower Section of Taixuan have the Central Yellow Upper Heavenly Officials who preside over the salvation of life, each accompanied by twelve thousand Numinous Knob Jade Maidens.

The Natural Lingbao divine immortals in the Eight Scenes of Dongling of the Lower Section of Taixuan include, under the Green Emperor of the Eastern Peak, twenty-four Flying Heaven Officials each responsible for the affairs of charts and registers. The Natural Lingbao divine immortals in the Eight Scenes of Dongling of the Lower Section of Taixuan include, under the Red Emperor of the Southern Peak, twenty-four Flying Heaven Officials each responsible for the affairs of charts and registers. The Natural Lingbao divine immortals in the Eight Scenes of Dongling of the Lower Section of Taixuan include fourteen persons under the Yellow Emperor of the Central Peak. The Natural Lingbao divine immortals in the Eight Scenes of Dongling of the Lower Section of Taixuan include, under the Red Emperor of the Southern Peak, twenty-four Flying Heaven Officials each responsible for the affairs of charts and registers. The Natural Lingbao divine immortals in the Eight Scenes of Dongling of the Lower Section of Taixuan include, under the Yellow Emperor of the Central Peak, twenty-four Flying Heaven Officials each responsible for the affairs of charts and registers. The Natural Lingbao divine immortals in the Eight Scenes of Dongling of the Lower Section of Taixuan include, under the White Emperor of the Western Peak, twenty-four Flying Heaven Officials each responsible for the affairs of charts and registers. The Natural Lingbao divine immortals in the Eight Scenes of Dongling of the Lower Section of Taixuan include, under the Black Emperor of the Northern Peak, twenty-four Flying Heaven Officials each responsible for the affairs of charts and registers.

Among them there is a Fulu (talismans and registers), excluding that section from the middle of the Dongxuan, totaling thirty-six Dao. The Fulu is written in cyan characters, while the remaining portions are all written in vermilion characters.