《灵棋本章正经》

The origins of the Classic of the Spirit Chess (Lingqi Jing) can no longer be verified. Some say Emperor Wu of the Han had Dongfang Shuo make it, and that Dongfang Shuo used it for divination and was never once wrong. Others say the Duke Huangshi passed it to Zhang Liang. Still others describe it as an arcane technique mastered by the Prince of Huainan. These attributions were probably invented by idle enthusiasts who attached famous names to the book to raise the prestige of this divinatory art, and they are not necessarily connected with any of these figures.

I had long heard of this book, but because it did not belong to the canon of classics and histories, I never paid it close attention. Later, at the end of the Kaicheng era under Emperor Wenzong of the Tang, I was about to travel to Minzhong. I heard that the waters of the Jian River were swift and its cliffs steep, so that even boatmen standing in their boats found the passage perilous, and that brave men would tremble with fear, let alone a timid person like me. Though I was a scholar, I could not dispel my anxiety. When I reached the Si River region, I met my clan brother Li An and confided my worries to him. He said he had heard that the Jian River was not as frightful as the rumors claimed, and that such talk was likely exaggerated. He owned a divinatory book that could help resolve my doubts, so I asked him to cast a hexagram for me. The oracle text read: "Both above and below are at peace, and no treacherous thoughts arise in the heart. Be steadfast and composed, and there will be no worry; do not believe idle rumors." This made me laugh, for it was indeed only rumor, not worth believing. Li An then handed me the book, and I took it with me to Minzhong. The journey was smooth and without incident, and so I came to trust it.

Later I used the book to ask about other difficult matters, and the results were as clear as if I had witnessed the events myself. Things the world holds in particular contempt are not necessarily without value, and things the world prizes are not necessarily good. That a small book could reveal the doubts I had harbored beforehand: is this not worth taking seriously? From this we can see that a scholar's eminence or hardship each follows its own destiny, and it cannot be judged by a single principle.

As I read this book, it seems to have been written by someone who understood the Dao. It uses twelve pieces, divided into upper, middle, and lower groups of four each. A single throw forms a hexagram, and the auspiciousness or inauspiciousness of an affair and its governing principles are then judged according to the oracle texts in the book. The upper, middle, and lower groups symbolize Heaven, Humanity, and Earth, the "Three Powers" (sancai). Each of the twelve pieces bears characters, and the oracle texts are written in a manner similar to the Yijing (Book of Changes). Therefore, once the pieces are arranged into a hexagram, the method is called the "Spirit Chess" (lingqi).

Later, while serving in Fuzhou with considerable leisure, I gathered several dozen editions and collated them against one another. I removed the errors, kept what was credible, and compiled them into a single volume, hoping that later readers could use it to understand the work.

While I was in Minzhong, far from my home and with the journey back long by both land and water, I often felt uneasy. One day I divined with the Spirit Chess and obtained the hexagram "Level and Broad Crossroads." The oracle text was very good, and I felt in my heart that it could be trusted. A few days after I left Minzhong, the emperor suddenly issued an edict summoning me to court to serve as Censor. The oracle seemed to have foretold this long before. Is this not marvelous?

In the autumn of the ninth month of the ninth year of the Huichang era of the Tang, Li Yuan, Vice Director of the Gate Office (Simen Yuanwailang) of the Ministry, wrote the preface.

The Lingqi Jing (Spirit Chess Classic) is traditionally said to have been left by Huang Shigong (the Yellow Stone Elder). Some attribute its divinatory method to Dongfang Shuo, while others hold that Zhang Liang and Liu An, Prince of Huainan, compiled it. Yan Youming of the Jin dynasty and He Chengtian of the Song dynasty wrote commentaries on it, and Li Yuan of the Tang dynasty composed its preface. Readers in every era have studied it and regarded it as a surviving work of Huang Shigong. In the Five Phases (Wuxing) category of the Bibliographic Treatise of the Tang (Tang Jingji Zhi), only its number of fascicles is recorded.

When divining with this text, one uses twelve round pieces made of lightning-struck jujube wood, bearing a total of 124 divinatory verses. Four pieces stand for Heaven, with their characters carved in the upper portion of the face; four stand for Humanity, with characters in the middle; and four stand for Earth, with characters in the lower portion. After praying, the diviner casts the pieces and judges fortune or misfortune according to the corresponding verses.

The Book of Southern Qi records that Jiang Mi, when divining, obtained the verse: "A guest comes from the south, bringing me fine goods, treasures and curios, a golden cup and a jade goblet." Yang Yi's Miscellaneous Talks records that in the first year of the Xianping reign, a man at court requested reassignment to an outer prefecture and cast the lot "three high, two middle, one low: the Lot of Sending Goods," whose verse matched Jiang Mi's. At that time the Veritable Records of Emperor Taizong had not yet been completed, and the court did not grant his request. Soon afterward he was appointed envoy for a prince's birthday and received silver vessels. Later he divined again and obtained "four middle, three low: the Lot of Avoiding the World," whose verse reads: "The small man gains power, the gentleman loses the Way; he leaves his own household and enters the deep grass of others." He did indeed resign from office due to illness and return to Yangdi. Other recorded cases are likewise often considered remarkably accurate.

It is said, however, that the same matter may be divined only once, and a second casting will not be efficacious. This is what is meant by "when one asks too often, the spirits no longer answer": one should not repeatedly press the same question in divination.

Zhu Xi once discussed the Book of Changes (Yijing) with Lin Zhengqing. When asked what the Changes was, he replied, "Have you seen the method of spirit-chess divination? The general pattern of the Changes is much like this." Judging from the commentaries and prefaces of the Jin, Song, and Tang periods, as well as the views of the two Wengong of our own dynasty, this is clearly an ancient book that has circulated for a long time. Records also show that spirit-tortoise divination was used at the great sacrifices, and that divination with qiongmao (a stalk-like material used for divination, similar to yarrow) or with broken tiles was likewise permitted. How much more so, then, for ancient books from before the Qin and Han?

Divination is said to respond because of sincerity and reverence: when the mind is attuned, a question brings an answer. When Zhang Nanxuan served in Bagui (Guangxi) and encountered a drought, he divined under the blazing sun and obtained the "Lot of the Ascending Yin, sixty-two," whose verse reads: "Water stands deep in the courtyard, and boats may sail beneath the hall." Heavy rain fell immediately afterward. This incident is recorded in his collected sayings.

This book was originally kept in the family collection of our ancestors. The lots are classified as yang and yin, odd and even (qi and ou). Only when the momentum of yang surpasses that of yin is the omen auspicious. According to the book, so long as one seeks with a sincere heart, the divination will prove responsive.

The Lingqi Jing (Spirit Chess Classic) is said to have been handed down from the Yellow Stone Elder to Zhang Liang, Marquis of Liu, in the Han dynasty, and it could divine matters before they came to pass. At first people consulted it about fortune, military campaigns, and journeys, and it was reportedly seldom wrong. In the reign of Emperor Wu of Han, the emperor had Dongfang Shuo use it to divine all manner of affairs, and its answers were mostly fulfilled. Another account holds that the Eight Elders once passed this method to the King of Huainan, and that a retainer later obtained the book from Huainan but kept it secret and never circulated it.

In the Taikang era of the Jin dynasty, the Daoist Chang Fahe of Xiangcheng said that an old man dressed in a robe of woven reed and wearing a yellow leather coat had given him the book sealed in a bamboo tube, and Fahe later passed it on. For divination one should use lightning-struck wood, or make the twelve pieces from catalpa, jujube, or sandalwood. The original text specifies pieces one inch two fen in diameter and three fen thick. Four pieces are inscribed with the character "shang" (upper), four with "zhong" (middle), and four with "xia" (lower).

Before asking, one should first settle the mind, burn incense to purify the heart, straighten one's dress, and sit quietly for a moment. Then one lifts the twelve pieces, breathes on them with sincerity, recites a petition, and casts them all at once. According to how they fall, the shang, zhong, and xia pieces are arranged in order to form a hexagram. Pieces without characters are set aside, and the answer is then read according to the scripture's text. Each matter is cast only once, since repeated casting dulls the accuracy of fortune and misfortune. Wang Yin and his brother, together with He Chengtian of the Song dynasty, once discussed this classic and held that if the petition is sincere, the divination will prove efficacious. Yet if one does not probe its subtle principles deeply, one easily concludes that it is ineffective and comes to despise it.

Those who understand the subtle signs of things often already grasp most of the matter. What is called ji (the incipient) is the faint movement of a thing before it has become visible, just as it is about to happen. Only by perceiving signs and grasping their movement can one understand that advancing and withdrawing, taking and giving, each call for a different response. One should not decide that an affair is already fixed merely on the strength of a single auspicious-sounding oracle line. The oracle statements may also contain apparent contradictions. For example, after "dongbei sang peng" (in the northeast one loses companions) comes "zhong you qing" (in the end there is celebration), and "xingren de niu" (the traveler gets an ox) may signal that calamity has struck someone in the town. The hexagram Mingyi (Injury to the Light) emphasizes concealment, while Feng (Abundance) bears an image of greatness. One cannot simply read them by the same standard.

The hexagram image is divided into upper, middle, and lower tiers, embodying the sense of the sancai (Three Powers) of Heaven, Earth, and Humanity spoken of in the Yijing (Book of Changes). Its combinations and transformations yield 124 hexagrams, and fortune is judged by odd and even numbers. Odd numbers belong to yang, and yang is auspicious; even numbers belong to yin, and yin is inauspicious. The oracle line is the text on which the divination rests, but the querent must also judge the rightness or wrongness and the nature of the matter before a result can be inferred. If the oracle line seems not to fit the question asked, one must consider carefully the situation it points toward. For instance, "weiwei hehe, bu qiu zi huo" (majestic and brilliant, obtained without seeking) means that one gains without striving. When asking about the pursuit of fugitives or the recovery of lost property, this may be read as auspicious, but it is not necessarily applicable to questions about illness or marriage. "Sui dang yue chang, steady as Mount Tai" describes the year and month in full flourish, firm as Mount Tai. When asking for wealth while in danger, this may be auspicious; but for one waiting in a foreign land for a traveler to return, it means the traveler has not yet come back. "Junchen yi wei, fang xing da li" (ruler and minister exchange places; great profit is about to arise) describes a shift in the situation that may bring great gain. For a person of virtue it is auspicious, while for one whose conduct is improper it may be deeply inauspicious. "Daozei wo lu, xianren fu jin" (bandits enter my hut, the worthy one lies hidden yet advances) means that bandits break in while worthy people lie hidden and are about to come forward. For a petty person this may be auspicious, but for a junzi (exemplary person) it is inauspicious. In each case the reading should follow the category of the matter asked about.

The terms junzi and xiaoren (petty person) here are distinguished by whether one turns toward the Dao, not by office, rank, or power. Those who follow the Dao are junzi, and those who turn away from it are xiaoren. A wise person who understands how to apply the oracle lines in this way will not be confused by them.

"Qing xing yu di" means asking the spirits to make auspicious and inauspicious outcomes appear in the divinatory pieces, and "xin zhong suo yi, dan dan yan zhi" means stating directly the doubts that lie in one's heart.

Before each divination, one should first calm the mind, burn incense and purify the room, sit upright for a while, and then respectfully take up the twelve pieces and concentrate on prayer. The prayer recorded in the Dunhuang manuscript roughly reads as follows. The diviner calls himself "di chen mou yi" (Earthly Minister So-and-so) and respectfully invites the Four Senior, Four Middle, and Four Seasonal deities (si meng, si zhong, si ji), together with the Twelve Officers of the Hours (shi er guan chen) and other spirits. He reports to Heaven and Earth, the sun, moon, and stars, the Northern Dipper (Beidou), the Four Seasons and Five Phases, the Six Jia and Yin-Yang, and the Twenty-Eight Lunar Mansions (ershiba xiu) that he harbors doubts and asks the spirits to decide. If the outcome is good, they should show good; if it is bad, they should show bad. The gains, losses, and right and wrong of the matter should appear in the pieces.

After the prayer, the twelve pieces are cast all at once. According to the shang, zhong, and xia marks that appear, they are arranged in sequence to form a figure, the useless pieces are removed, and the judgment is then made according to the scripture. A matter is divined only once. Once it has been decided, one should not divine it again, or the auspicious and inauspicious signs will become uncertain.

The figure has upper, middle, and lower parts, which symbolize the "three powers" (san cai) of the Yijing, namely Heaven, Earth, and Humanity. The various arrangements together yield 124 figures, and fortune is judged by odd and even numbers. Odd numbers belong to Yang and even numbers to Yin, and the meaning of the figure is inferred accordingly.

When interpreting a figure, one must consider the matter being asked about. For example, some figures show a commanding momentum in which affairs arrive unsought. If one asks about pursuing fugitives, finding lost articles, or seeking wealth, this may be read as auspicious. If one asks about illness or marriage, the figure does not apply and may even be inauspicious. If a figure shows a state of sorrow and worry, asking about seeking wealth or acquiring a house may be read as auspicious. But if one is traveling in a distant place and hoping to return home soon, the figure indicates that the person has not yet arrived. Another example is a figure showing that ruler and minister have exchanged positions and that great profit is to be gained. This is auspicious for the junzi (the exemplary person) and inauspicious for the xiaoren (the petty person).

All of these examples should be understood according to the category of the matter asked, and the corresponding meaning drawn from the figure. The terms junzi and xiaoren in the scripture are defined by virtue (de), not by official rank, title, or power. Those who follow righteousness, value benevolence and trustworthiness, and disdain material profit are called junzi. Those who turn away from righteousness and prize bribes and rank are called xiaoren. Keeping this principle in mind helps one avoid confusion when interpreting figures.

Before the Book of Changes (Yijing) appeared, the ancients already practiced divination with Lingqi (spirit chess). Lingqi was created by imitating the principles of the images in the Yijing. Although Lingqi cannot fully express the profound truths of the Yijing, how could one compose its divinatory responses without mastering the Yijing?

The arrangement of Lingqi places three pieces vertically and four pieces horizontally. The three vertical pieces symbolize Heaven, Human, and Earth, and also the ruler, the minister, and the people. The four horizontal piece-images are Lesser Yang, Greater Yang, Lesser Yin, and Old Yin: one stands for Lesser Yang, three for Greater Yang, two for Lesser Yin, and four for Old Yin.

When Lesser Yang and Lesser Yin are paired, they harmonize and delight in each other. When Greater Yang faces Greater Yang, they tend to contend, which is the usual case. Yet things also change: sometimes pairing leads instead to resentment, and sometimes opposition proves effective. When yang images predominate, their principles are the same, so they readily reflect one another. When yin images predominate, their intentions differ, so they readily turn away from each other. These images are also used to explain the distinction between the junzi (noble person) and the xiaoren (petty person).

Yin and Yang alternate in operation, and as the configurations of the images differ, their names change accordingly. This is the principle of the Yijing. In taking images, the Yijing speaks of carts, buckets, arrows, hares, and foxes. Extended through inference, these images can encompass all things under Heaven. At times it names a horse yet takes the meaning of a dragon, and names water yet uses it to signify transformation. This too is the doctrinal meaning of the Yijing. If one does not understand the profound and subtle principles of all things under Heaven, one will find these symbolic meanings difficult to grasp. Therefore it is said that Lingqi was created by imitating the Yijing, and one who is not versed in the Yijing cannot understand its principles.

I have long admired how accurately Lingqi divinations have proven out, yet I regret that its commentators have not fully clarified the original intent of its creators. For this reason I have written this essay to further elucidate its principles and provide explanation.

Methods of Making Lingqi

Lingqi may be made from lightning-struck wood (timber said to have been struck by thunder), catalpa, jujube, or white sandalwood. The pieces are round, one cun and two fen in diameter and three fen thick, sized according to the Zhou chi (the ancient unit of length).

Choose a jiazi day (a day in the sexagenary cycle) to make the Lingqi, and record the relevant particulars.

The method of making Lingqi.

Making the Spirit Chess (Lingqi): Lightning-struck wood, catalpa (zi) wood, jujube wood, or white sandalwood may be used. The piece should be a round disc about one cun and two fen in diameter and three fen thick, with its dimensions measured by the Zhou foot.

The pieces are made and consecrated on days chosen by the sexagenary cycle (ganzhi). On a Jiazi day the markings are determined, on a Bingzi day they are inscribed, on a Wuzi day they are carved, on a Gengzi day they are marked with cinnabar, and on a Renzi day they are placed in a box. The box is made of ziwei wood.

Preparing the Shanglu Offering: Any quantity of shanglu (phytolacca) root may be used. First peel off the thin outer skin with a bronze knife, then slice the root thinly. Soak the slices in flowing east-running water for two nights, drain them, and set them over a steamer. During steaming, alternate layers of bean leaves and shanglu slices. Steam from noon until the hour of Hai (9 to 11 p.m.). Afterward, remove the slices, discard the bean leaves, dry them in the sun, and grind them finely into a dried, meat-like offering for sacrifice.

The invocation reads: "Heaven is clear and earth is calm. The River Chart (Hetu) receives and holds numinous qi. Sacred incense rises from the censer, and the ten directions are solemnly pure. The Dharma drum sounds three times, and all the myriad spirits come to hear."

A second invocation follows: "Heaven and earth each keep their De (virtue), the sun and moon each display their brightness, the four seasons each follow their proper order, and ghosts and spirits each respond with fortune or misfortune. August Heaven shows no partiality; it aids only those who possess De. Today is the day when Grand Duke Taisui (Taisui) holds office. On such-and-such a month and day, I, such-and-such a person of such-and-such a village and li, respectfully offer incense as ritual and invite the Gods of the Four Meng, the Gods of the Four Zhong, the Gods of the Four Ji, and the Officials of the Twelve Chen. I also humbly report to Heavenly Father and Earthly Mother, the Supreme Primordial Lady (Taishang Yuanjun), the Sun on the left and the Moon on the right, the Five Stars and the Northern Dipper, the Twenty-Eight Lunar Mansions, the Four Seasons and Five Phases, the Six Jia and Yin-Yang, the Mingtang Suide (the annual virtue of the Hall of Light), the Twelve Heavenly Spirits and Twelve Earthly Deities, and the duty officers and envoys who govern the years, months, days, and hours."

The petitioner continues: "I respectfully report that I was born into this world at such-and-such an hour. Today I set forth what is in my heart, because of such-and-such a matter. I have hopes, and I also have doubts and hesitation, and I humbly beg the gods to decide for me. If the outcome is auspicious, say so; if it is inauspicious, say so. Gain and loss, right and wrong, I ask that all be judged by the hexagram signs. Respectfully looking up to your sacred and merciful grace, let the answer be made clear and manifest."

Then recite the mantra: "an hong hong lu ni da li hong zha chi" (the pinyin of the original characters). Recite it three times with a single-minded heart. Next, cast the twelve chess pieces all at once and arrange them into a hexagram in three tiers, upper, middle, and lower. Judge fortune or misfortune according to the corresponding hexagram text. After the divination, recite the words for sending off the spirit: "Just now we respectfully invited the spirit chess, seeking instruction, and we have received a response. Now we respectfully send the spirit off. May you return to the heavenly palace with your retinue of clouds and rainbows. You bestowed grace when you came; leave blessings as you depart." Whenever spirits are summoned, follow this same ritual.

Offering Methods (Jifa)

Each year on the seventh day of the first lunar month, observe the ritual fasting and bathing. At the water's edge, set out an offering mat with wine, fruit, incense, dried meat, paper money, and candles. Invite the spirits as described above, then form a mudra (a seal made with specific hand gestures) with the left hand, kowtow, and recite: "Heaven is clear and earth is numinous; the dragon and tiger possess divine power. The Six Jia and Six Ding (celestial spirit-generals in Daoism) obey my command. Remove evil and aid the proper Way, able to enter and leave deep and hidden places. I now receive the order to summon you; come quickly and do not tarry."

Form the mudra again, kowtow, and repeat the same words: "Heaven is clear and earth is numinous; the dragon and tiger possess divine power. The Six Jia and Six Ding obey my command. Remove evil and aid the proper Way, able to enter and leave deep and hidden places. I now receive the order to summon you; come quickly and do not tarry." Then recite: "Breath, shadow, hand-seal, bow, voice, and form all turn to dust. If anyone dares to defy this, they shall be struck down by the force of thunder. Swiftly, as the statute commands." Afterward, offer incense three times, present libations, and bow in ritual worship. As long as the heart is utterly sincere, nothing cannot be responded to.

Taboos (Jifa)

Divination should not be performed on the six Wu days (the days whose heavenly stem in the sexagenary cycle is Wu). Divination on these days will not be efficacious.

Catalogue of Lessons in the Lingqi Jing (Spirit Chess Classic)

• Ascent Lesson (Shengteng ke): Great Penetration hexagram (Datong gua), No. 111
• Cantai Lesson (Cantai ke): Receiving Blessing hexagram (Shoufu gua), No. 112
• Fuchang Lesson (Fuchang ke): Auspicious Celebration hexagram (Jiqing gua), No. 113
• Fusheng Lesson (Fusheng ke): Pervading Peace hexagram (Tongtai gua), No. 114
• Ledao Lesson (Ledao ke): Startling Joy hexagram (Jingxi gua), No. 121
• Jingbu Lesson (Jingbu ke): Minor Peril hexagram (Xiaowei gua), No. 122
• Nianfeng Lesson (Nianfeng ke): Suitable for Fields hexagram (Yitian gua), No. 123
• Xiaoguo Lesson (Xiaoguo ke): Minor Accomplishment hexagram (Xiaocheng gua), No. 124
• Dezhi Lesson (Dezhi ke): Self-Sufficiency hexagram (Zizu gua), No. 131
• Shisui Lesson (Shisui ke): Approaching Peace hexagram (Jiangtai gua), No. 132
• Caida Lesson (Caida ke): Peace and Good Fortune hexagram (Anji gua), No. 133
• Ziyou Lesson (Ziyou ke): Pleasure Travel hexagram (Xingle gua), No. 134
• Youhuan Lesson (Youhuan ke): Isolated Standing hexagram (Guli gua), No. 141
• Shende Lesson (Shende ke): Thieves hexagram (Daozei gua), No. 142
• Pozei Lesson (Pozei ke): Executing Commands hexagram (Xingling gua), No. 143

Zhanbai (defeat in battle), the first lesson, corresponds to Jiangsun Gua, hexagram number 144, which indicates a setback in battle and harm to the commander.

Shenjia (divine aid), the second lesson, corresponds to Shenhu Gua, hexagram number 211, which indicates receiving divine protection.

Yingu (lewdness and bewitchment), the third lesson, corresponds to Jiangbai Gua, hexagram number 233, which indicates a risk of ruin through licentiousness and bewitchment.

Ziyou (indulgent outing), the fourth lesson, corresponds to Xingle Gua, hexagram number 134, which indicates a favorable time for travel and recreation.

Youhuan (distress), the fifth lesson, corresponds to Guli Gua, hexagram number 141, which indicates an isolated situation and an anxious heart.

Shende (guarding virtue), the sixth lesson, corresponds to Daozei Gua, hexagram number 142, which advises careful cultivation of virtue and watchfulness against bandits.

Pozei (defeating bandits), the seventh lesson, corresponds to Xingling Gua, hexagram number 143, which indicates a favorable time to issue orders and act to subdue bandits.

Zhanbai, hexagram number 144, corresponds to Jiangsun Gua, which indicates a setback in battle and harm to the commander.

Shenjia, hexagram number 211, corresponds to Shenhu Gua, which indicates receiving divine protection.

Yingu, hexagram number 212, corresponds to Jiangbai Gua, which indicates that lewdness and bewitchment may lead to ruin.

Yijian (suppressing treachery) corresponds to Tiaoli Gua, hexagram number 213, which indicates that treachery should be restrained so that the situation can be brought into order.

Liucuan (fleeing and scattering) corresponds to Weihuan Gua, hexagram number 214, which indicates that a traveler or wanderer has not yet returned.

Duocang (hoarding) corresponds to Jietan Gua, hexagram number 221, which advises against greed and against accumulating too much.

Antai (security) corresponds to Benyuan Gua, hexagram number 222, which indicates stability and smooth progress.

Tianlu (heavenly emolument) corresponds to Fuxing Gua (Gua of Blessings), hexagram number 223, which indicates that good fortune is flourishing.

Fengcai (abundant wealth) corresponds to Hengtong Gua, hexagram number 224, which indicates abundant fortune and that affairs will go smoothly.

Houji (later auspiciousness) corresponds to Youxi Gua, hexagram number 231, which indicates that early worry will give way to good fortune.

Ping'an (safety) corresponds to Qiantong Gua, hexagram number 232, which indicates an outwardly calm surface, with affairs gradually and quietly making progress.

Pihe (warding off evil) corresponds to Shengde Gua, hexagram number 233, which indicates keeping evil away through abundant virtue.

Dahuo (great gain) corresponds to Zhiwu Gua, hexagram number 234, which indicates the ability to control affairs and achieve considerable gains.

Shuaixing (from decline to revival) corresponds to Fuxing Gua (Gua of Revival), hexagram number 241, which indicates a turn from decline toward prosperity and gradual recovery.

Bishou (avoiding calamity) corresponds to Shoujing Gua, hexagram number 242, which advises staying calm and still in order to avoid disaster.

Fameng (awakening the ignorant) corresponds to Xingfa Gua, hexagram number 243, which indicates enlightening what is obscure and prompting affairs to rise.

Binghuan (illness) corresponds to Qiantong Gua, hexagram number 244, which indicates that matters of illness are gradually and quietly making progress.

Mingyang (clarifying yang) corresponds to Xiaojin Gua, hexagram number 311, which indicates that the situation is becoming clearer, with slight progress.

Tianyou (heaven's aid) corresponds to Delu Gua, hexagram number 312, which indicates receiving help and finding a suitable path.

Zungui (honored) corresponds to Jiangui Gua, hexagram number 313, which indicates an opportunity to meet someone of high standing.

Yidao (fitting to pray) corresponds to Rangao Gua, hexagram number 314, which indicates that prayer and petition to the spirits are advisable. Rangjie, the expiatory rite of seeking relief from calamity through ritual, is also appropriate here.

Songhuo (sending goods) corresponds to Chuji Gua, hexagram number 321, which indicates good fortune at the start.

Wunan (no difficulties) corresponds to Annong Gua, hexagram number 322, which indicates no major hardship and suits settling down to farm.

Gonghe (respectful harmony) corresponds to Hemu Gua, hexagram number 323, which indicates respect, gentleness, and harmony among people.

Weike (contrary and conflicting) corresponds to Weili Gua, hexagram number 324, which indicates that affairs are unreasonable and prone to conflict.

Zhenshou (upright longevity) corresponds to Yinde Gua, hexagram number 331, which indicates that upholding righteousness brings long life and blessings, and also implies that virtue should not be flaunted.

Gangzhang (growing firmness) corresponds to Tongxin Gua, hexagram number 322, which indicates that a strong momentum is growing and that people should work together with one heart.

Qiangsheng (strength flourishing) corresponds to Liqi Gua, hexagram number 333, which indicates evenly matched strength and a flourishing momentum.

Jiali (fair and beautiful) corresponds to Yiyin Gua, hexagram number 324, which indicates that the matter is best handled in a gentle and quiet manner.

Delu Ke (emolument obstructed) corresponds to Weili Gua, hexagram number 324, which indicates that the obtaining of emolument is blocked, with a tendency toward friction and conflict.

Zhenshou, hexagram number 331, corresponds to Yinde Gua, which indicates upright longevity and also implies that virtue should not be flaunted.

Gangzhang, hexagram number 322, corresponds to Tongxin Gua, which indicates growing firmness and the need to act together with others in unity.

Qiangsheng, hexagram number 333, corresponds to Liqi Gua, which indicates evenly matched strength and a flourishing momentum.

Jiali, hexagram number 324, corresponds to Yiyin Gua, which indicates that the matter is best handled in a gentle and quiet manner.

Delu, hexagram number 341, corresponds to Xingyun Gua, which indicates that emolument is rising and fortune is turning for the better.

Yizhi (doubt and stagnation) corresponds to Yihuo Gua, hexagram number 342, which indicates doubt in the mind and affairs that progress slowly.

Ee xiao (evil dispelled) corresponds to Mingzhao Gua, hexagram number 343, which indicates that evil is receding and the situation is gradually becoming clear.

Shangzheng (upper righteousness) corresponds to Sanyang Gua, hexagram number 344, which indicates abundant yang qi and the upright way placed in the ascendant.

The Lingqi Benzhang Zhengjing (Authentic Scripture of the Spirit Chess Original Chapters) lists the names of the various divination lessons (zhanke, readings obtained through chess-divination), along with their corresponding hexagram names and numbers. For example, the "Solitary and Impoverished" lesson corresponds to the Difficulty hexagram, number 411; the "Hidden Dragon" lesson corresponds to the Awaiting-the-Time hexagram, number 412; the "Beneficial Friend" lesson corresponds to the Divining hexagram, number 413; and the "Fostering Treachery" lesson corresponds to the Many-Difficulties hexagram, number 414.

The remaining lesson names follow in order. The "Divine Assistance" lesson corresponds to the Extreme Stagnation hexagram, the "Release from Sacrifice" lesson to the Sacrificial Auspiciousness hexagram, the "Laughter Afterwards" lesson to the Warding-Off-for-Blessings hexagram, and the "Prayer for Success" lesson to the Initial Auspiciousness hexagram. The "Following the Heart" lesson corresponds to the Treading-Peace hexagram, the "Loss and Gain" lesson to the Overcoming-Strength hexagram, the "Rescue and Aid" lesson to the Obtaining-Help hexagram, and the "Great Penetration" lesson to the Smooth-Way hexagram. The "Submerged Obscurity" lesson corresponds to the Faint-Survival hexagram, the "Growth of Yin" lesson to the Mid-Rest hexagram, the "Withdrawal from the World" lesson to the Extreme Distress hexagram, and the "Many Misfortunes" lesson to the Extreme Peace hexagram.

The following lessons are listed next. The "Bitter Restraint" lesson corresponds to the Yang of Qian hexagram, the "Joy" lesson to the Consort hexagram, the "Fulfilled Purpose" lesson to the Generation hexagram, and the "Ghosts Watching" lesson to the Ghostly Order hexagram. The "Delayed Auspiciousness" lesson corresponds to the Final Benefit hexagram, the "Anxiety and Separation" lesson to the Caution hexagram, the "Sufficiency Within" lesson to the Great Accomplishment hexagram, and the "Supporting the Endangered, Joy" lesson to the Consort hexagram. The text then lists the Fulfilled Purpose, Ghosts Watching, Delayed Auspiciousness, Anxiety and Separation, and Sufficiency Within lessons again, with the same hexagram names and numbers as before. The "Supporting the Endangered" lesson corresponds to the Guarding-Integrity hexagram.

The rest are as follows. The "Flowing Blessings" lesson corresponds to the Obtaining-Heaven hexagram, the "Late Accomplishment" lesson to the Awaiting-the-Time hexagram, the "Serving the Ruler" lesson to the Uniform-Virtue hexagram, and the "Certain Attainment" lesson to the Beneficial-Direction hexagram. The "Washing Shame" lesson corresponds to the Overloaded-Carriage hexagram, the "Inviting Brigands" lesson to the Blocked-Passage hexagram, the "Warning Against Error" lesson to the Knowing-When-to-Stop hexagram, and the "Bearing Patterns" lesson to the Hasten-Appropriately hexagram. The "Reverent Caution" lesson corresponds to the Clear-Attainment hexagram, the "Way of the Emperor" lesson to the Virtue-Arrives hexagram, the "Unsettled" lesson to the Doubtful-Fox hexagram, and the "Deceitful Flattery" lesson to the Yin-Doubt hexagram. Finally, the "Careful Regret" lesson corresponds to the Having-Violation hexagram, the "Initial Virtue" lesson to the Approaching-the-Abyss hexagram, and the "Gathering of Fortune" lesson to the Cautious-Vigilance hexagram.

The Lingqi Benzhang Zhengjing (Authentic Scripture of the Spirit Chess Original Chapters) lists the names of the various divinatory categories (ke) together with their corresponding hexagram names and numbers. For example, the "Profit and Emolument" category (Lilu ke) corresponds to the "Yuanheng Hexagram," and the "Fortune and Auspice" category (Fuxiang ke) corresponds to the "Antai Hexagram." The "Ghost Calamity" category (Guizai ke) corresponds to the "Xuhao Hexagram," and the "Void Emptiness" category (Kongwang ke) corresponds to the "Shiwang Hexagram." Here, ke refers to the category of outcome obtained through divination, gua is the name of the symbolic figure paired with it, and the numbers mark the order of the hexagrams.

The "Unclear Category" (Weiming ke), "Shifting Flow Category" (Qianliu ke), "Unsettled Category" (Weining ke), and "Death Image Category" (Sixiang ke) correspond, in turn, to the "Heavenly Origin Hexagram" (Tianyuan gua), "Utmost Subtlety Hexagram" (Zhiwei gua), "Hexagram with Image" (Youxiang gua), and "Hexagram of No Qi" (Wuqi gua). The "Yang Emerging Category" (Fayang ke), "Year of Plenty Category" (Suideng ke), "Human Affairs Category" (Renshi ke), and "Preserving the Self Category" (Baoshen ke) correspond respectively to the "Heavenly Light Hexagram" (Tianguang gua), "Two Yang Hexagram" (Er*yang* gua), "Three Intestines Hexagram" (Sanchang gua), and "Abundant Yin Hexagram" (Shengyin gua). In addition, the "Transformation and Nurture Category" (Huayu ke) corresponds to the "Preservation Hexagram" (Baoyou gua), the "Earthly Advantage Category" (Dili ke) to the "Secure Abundance Hexagram" (Anhou gua), the "Establishing Season Category" (Jianhou ke) to the "Earthly Completion Hexagram" (Kuncheng gua), the "Final Rites Category" (Songzhong ke) to the "Total Yin Hexagram" (Quanyin gua), and the "Yin Overflow Category" (Yinman ke) to the "Imageless Hexagram" (Wuxiang gua).

These names summarize the different categories and hexagram images used in Spirit Chess divination. The text gives only the names and numbers, so the specific auspicious or inauspicious meanings must be judged by consulting the interpretation of each hexagram.

Yan Youming, Director in the Board of Carriages during the Jin dynasty, composed the commentary, and He Chengtian, Censor-in-Chief of the Song dynasty, added a further commentary.

Ascending Lesson: The Great Penetration Hexagram

Beginning from small things, one gradually grows and expands, with no worry of stagnation. Rising from a low position to a high one, one will ultimately become prosperous and distinguished. It is suitable for travel and for undertaking affairs, but unfavorable for withdrawing into seclusion.

Yan Youming said: Pursuing great achievement by starting from the small can bring wealth and honor, whereas one who already holds a high position and persists in seeking smallness may instead invite danger. Once Heaven and Earth have established their order, the sage takes part in it, planning governance and opening new possibilities while the chaos has not yet cleared. Therefore this is called the image of rising from low to high. Establishing merit and founding institutions will mostly succeed in whatever one undertakes, but one should not plot in secret. Those who are old or frail should not consult this lesson on marriage, for an image of pure yang is difficult to unite with its counterpart.

Travelers have not yet returned. Those held in confinement may hope for release. Trade will be profitable. He Chengtian said: Officials may hope for promotion and should act openly rather than hide in retirement. The sick should not remain in dark places, and it is better to go out and avoid harm. Disputes over words cause no great harm, and one can gain prosperity at home. Sending out troops is auspicious, and in battle victory can be achieved. A pregnant woman will bear a son, and farming, sericulture, fishing, and hunting will all yield a harvest.

Commentary: From small to great, this symbolizes the yang breath beginning to grow. When three people share one mind, it is suitable to travel. It is unfavorable to hide away because the course of the Dao is bright at this time. All three lines of this lesson are yang lines, indicating that Lesser Yang is gradually flourishing, and therefore it presents the image of growing from small to large and rising from low to high.

Those who obtain this lesson will find it auspicious for founding new enterprises, establishing merit, seeking fame, or pursuing gain. Those who bring a lawsuit should pursue justice in accordance with fairness. Travelers bring good news, but have not yet returned. One should not engage in schemes that are secretive or underhanded. The illness may grow worse, and it is better to go out and avoid harm.

Gradual Advance and Tranquility Hexagram: Receiving Blessing

Fuchang Section: Hexagram 113, Auspicious Celebration

Living in peace, tending to the household, and acquiring property will all bring some income. Although one is already prosperous and of high standing, official emoluments and rank have not yet arrived.

Yan says: Settle the mind and steady the will, wait patiently, and as time passes, matters will proceed smoothly. If one is impatient and hopes too eagerly, it will be hard to get what one wishes. The positions of Yin-Yang (yīnyáng) are already correct, and so the Way (Dao) of Heaven and Earth is in harmony. This is the sign of settling down to manage one's household. Seeking office, seeking wealth, and working fields and silkworm cultivation are all auspicious. Marriage will be somewhat difficult at first but will go smoothly later. Those who are traveling will arrive, and the household will be safe. A lawsuit will be hard to win, and a person held in prison must strive for release before being freed.

He says: Those who are away on long journeys will soon arrive, and a pregnant woman will bear a son. A prisoner in a lawsuit may be freed through a pardon. The sick will not be in mortal danger, and most other matters will be auspicious.

Commentary: Settling down and managing the household shows that the firm and the yielding each find their proper measure. This hexagram does not seek outward fame or profit, yet one receives blessings in everyday life. Its figure has two yang lines above and one yin line below, with Heaven, Earth, and Humanity all in their appropriate places, and so it symbolizes abundance and nobility. One should preserve the blessings one already has and not crave without limit; only then is it auspicious. The household and marriage will go smoothly, and lawsuits will not be obstructed. Those who are traveling have not yet returned. Those seeking office will obtain a post and handle affairs well. On hearing news of trouble, one need not worry excessively; even if an illness has not yet healed, it poses no grave danger.

Prestige and influence are prominent. The household possesses money and goods, all necessary items are at hand, and affairs are brought to completion. Even without deliberately seeking them, these things will come naturally.

Yan says: Since wealth is already in hand, there is no need to worry about seeking more. The home is auspicious, though those who are traveling have not yet returned. Yan further says: Heaven and Earth give birth to and nurture all things, and their vitality and order flourish abundantly. There is no need to deliberately strive for gain; matters will naturally be accomplished. This hexagram is pure yang, so marriage will not go smoothly. Those held captive are without fault. The fields and silkworms will yield a harvest, and other matters are auspicious.

He says: Those who are traveling will soon arrive, and a pregnant woman will bear a son. Trade will be profitable. Those in lawsuits who receive a pardon will be able to escape, and pursuit and searches will bring gains.

Fu Sheng Ke Tong Tai Hexagram: The Fourth

"Lofty and illustrious" indicates that the pure yang qi (qì) is abundant. Possessing gold, silver, and goods within the household shows that the Dao of Earth (dàodào, the regularity by which the earth nurtures all things) is manifesting in its brightness. When provisions are plentiful and affairs are accomplished, this shows that one's power is strong. Without deliberately striving, one still gains, and wealth is sufficient and the household prospers.

This hexagram has three yang lines, and the lowest position is especially strong. It symbolizes the earth's ability to yield wealth, so gold and silk overflow and all undertakings succeed. Strong yang qi takes root below while the weaker yang qi grows above, like a tree whose roots are vigorous and whose fruit is abundant. Hence the sign of gaining a rich harvest without seeking it.

Anyone who obtains this hexagram in divination will find that most of their undertakings are auspicious, and managing an enterprise is especially favorable. Going to war brings great victory, and pursuing fugitives will succeed in capturing them. In a lawsuit, one will spend money but ultimately win. In a question about illness, the outcome is ominous. Hiding or evading will not bring the desired result.

Fu Sheng Ke Tong Tai Hexagram: The Fourth

When wealth and prosperity reach their peak, the Way of Heaven (tiāndào) will turn. Follow the rise and fall of fortune: be restrained at the height of prosperity, and wait for the right moment during decline. If one can do this, one's blessings will extend to one's descendants, and prosperity will last for generations.

Yan Shi said: One who dwells in wealth and honor but does not forget the circumstances of poverty and humble origins will have a name that is passed down to later generations. If one cannot remain humble and yield, one will inevitably fall. Those who travel abroad will be away a long time before returning.

Another remark: From the second line to the fourth line, the Dao of Earth takes form once more, and the momentum of wealth and honor reaches its summit. Once fullness is reached, decline must follow, and even those in high positions face danger. Therefore it is said that the Way of Heaven reverses. If one can follow the cycles of waxing and waning and not go against the course of fortune, one can preserve oneself and one's reputation and bestow grace on one's descendants. This hexagram favors humility and yielding. A prisoner will find it hard to get free, a person awaiting someone will be delayed somewhat, and anyone setting out on a journey should not depart for the time being.

Ho Shi said: The patient's recovery will be slow, and it is advisable to offer sacrifices to the heavenly deities and pray for their blessings. Marriage is auspicious. Those who are accumulating wealth should not add to their holdings. Travel is unfavorable; it easily invites quarrels, gossip, or lawsuits, and one should seek the help of law enforcement officials.

This is the image of wealth and status at their peak, with a household fortune fully established. Following the turns of circumstance allows one to keep the abundance already gained, and descendants should not compete over it. In this hexagram the yang line sits above and the old yin line sits below, each in its proper place, signifying both rank and riches. Prosperity has reached its height, so further increase is difficult. One should therefore act in accordance with the shifting times, be content, and refrain from reaching beyond what is proper. In this way the household's accomplishments can be preserved and passed on to descendants without being lost.

Divination on marriage is auspicious. Seeking office, seeking wealth, and inquiring about affairs will all be fulfilled as hoped, but one should not seek too much more. Travelers should halt, and remaining in place brings good fortune. Lawsuits should be settled by compromise; if they drag on repeatedly, they may bring regret or illness. An illness will soon heal, and going to war may bring merit, but one must not act rashly or impatiently. Withdrawing once success is achieved brings good fortune. Seeking help from others may be unwise, as the other party may not be trustworthy. When affairs reach their extreme, they may turn and reverse: what was auspicious may become perilous, and what was perilous may turn auspicious.

Lède Ke, Jīngxǐ Guà (Lesson on Delight in the Dao: Hexagram of Surprise), Lines One and Two

Outwardly firm and inwardly gentle, when these two qualities harmonize, one becomes complete on one's own. By cultivating the mind and preserving life, one can roam together with the spirits (shen).

Master Yan says: What one seeks may not suit the times, and for now one should only preserve oneself. For a sick person who has not yet convulsed, it is fitting to offer sacrifices and report to the spirits, and there is no need for worry. Those who hold office will find advancement difficult and affairs hard to accomplish, and those who are imprisoned will not easily gain release.

Master Yan further says: With inward gentleness, harmony makes one complete. By cultivating the mind and preserving life, one can roam together with the spirits. Divination on marriage is auspicious, and a pregnancy will bear a son. The sick should pray for divine protection. Trade is profitable, and military campaigns are greatly favorable.

Master He says: A yin line in a yang position is why the hexagram appears outwardly firm. At such a time one should not force advancement. Instead, one should cultivate the mind and preserve life, which is the symbol of self-nurturing.

Fright and Alarm Lesson: Hexagram of Minor Peril (1, 2, 2)

Outwardly firm and inwardly gentle, one is suited to cooperation with others. Plans should be made with caution, for only in this way can one preserve oneself. Accompanied by the spirits, one also faces no peril. This lesson has a single yin line placed between two yang lines, symbolizing outward firmness and inward gentleness. A yin line occupying a yang position should not act rashly. Therefore it is advisable to live in harmony with others, to act with prudence, and to hold to the present circumstances, which is auspicious.

In divination about illness, evil spirits may be causing harm, and sacrifices and prayers for averting calamity will bring good fortune. Lawsuits will be difficult to win. Marriage and commercial dealings are auspicious. Troops sent out will not engage in battle, and prisoners will find it hard to escape. Much of the news heard is false or deceptive, so it is best to plan in secret.

The rooster crows in the daytime, climbs onto the roof, and stretches its neck. The hen beneath the wall is frightened by a wildcat. Hearing this, the rooster rushes over at once, and the hen thereby escapes and is not injured.

Master Yan says: At the beginning, affairs are often difficult and distressing, but in the end no other calamity arises. In planning various matters, one usually meets setbacks first and succeeds only later. A traveler has not yet arrived, and an illness should be treated early. He further says: The top line corresponds to the bottom line, but the middle lines separate them, so they cannot come to each other's aid, and therefore fright arises. Still, being in a high position, one will ultimately be able to control the situation. The hen calls out urgently, the rooster comes to its rescue, and so it is spared from defeat and ruin. The rooster is yang and the hen is yin, and the harm a chicken fears most is nothing other than the wildcat. The two birds at first could not save each other, so they were frightened, but in the end both escape danger. For this hexagram, lawsuits are hard to win, and a prisoner needs outside help to have any chance of release.

Master He says: Those who travel far will meet bandits. Seeking office, marriage, and commercial dealings are all unfavorable. Seeking loans meets with much difficulty, what one seeks does not accord with one's wishes, and both farming and sericulture will yield no good harvest. Most affairs bring worry at first and turn toward good fortune later.

Harvest Hexagram: Suited to Questions About Farming (Hexagram Twenty-Three)

This is a situation of one male and one female contending. The strong, firm line occupies the superior position, and the yielding line below cannot overcome it. By acting in accord with circumstances and responding to one another, they can in the end be preserved and avoid overturning.

In this hexagram, the Young Yang (Shaoyang) line occupies the honored position, and two Yin lines below both seek to claim it. The line above corresponds to the initial line but is separated from it by the middle line, so the image is a rooster mounting the roof while the hen remains below and is disturbed by a wildcat. The Yang line, though in the superior position, can still take charge. The middle Yin line is not yet strong, so in the end the lines come together without loss or overturning. For a question about affairs, the process will be laborious, with danger at first and stability later. A traveler will return, but obstacles will arise on the way. Military campaigns will involve peril, and anyone who is ill should seek medical help quickly. Those seeking office or marriage, or hoping for other outcomes, will meet with interference from others. Whenever affairs depend on a powerful person, success comes only after difficulty.

In the first month, in the morning, one divines the year's harvest, when the year is in Daliang (an ancient name for a stellar station, corresponding to the You direction). An east wind blows, ice and snow melt, and it is suitable for plowing fields and planting mulberry. By year's end the crops are abundant, and the joy is beyond words.

Master Yan says: if the matter sought corresponds to a year, month, or day of Zi, Wu, Mao, or You, it is relatively auspicious, though the response will be somewhat slow. If it does not fall in these years, months, or days, farming and sericulture may not succeed, but nothing else is inauspicious. He also says this signifies Yin qi receding and Yang qi arriving, and that a year in the You month is called "Daliang." In divining about illness, he says that when Taisui is at You, it is like asking for a mouthful of water and receiving wine, a metaphor for a bountiful harvest. This hexagram favors farmland and sericulture. Those seeking office have not yet achieved their aims, those already in office have no cause for worry, and the ill face no serious danger.

Master He says: travel by water or land will go smoothly, and marriage will be harmonious. This is a hexagram of great good fortune.

The Heaven and humanity are in harmony, and yin energy follows yang energy. The land is broad and fertile, suited to tilling fields and raising silkworms. In the years, months, or days corresponding to Wu (noon) and You (rooster), affairs will go especially smoothly.

In this hexagram, the Lesser Yang sits above and the Lesser Yin sits in the middle, yielding to the Lesser Yang, so the positions of Heaven and humanity are aligned. Yang energy is vigorous and occupies its proper place, above and below are in accord, and the land is abundant, which is why it is suitable for farming and sericulture. The "first month" mentioned here refers to the initial line, and "Da Liang" (Great Beam) corresponds to You. The lower three lines of the hexagram belong to the Li trigram, which corresponds to Wu, while the middle two lines belong to the Dui trigram, which corresponds to You. For most matters being inquired about, the outcome will be as hoped, and auspicious signs may appear in the years, months, or days corresponding to Wu and You, or in the You direction (West).

Xiaoguo Hexagram: Small Accumulations of Trigrams One, Two, and Four

Misfortune will arise from below, and one should guard against the servants and attendants nearby. Someone is secretly scheming and preparing to act.

Master Yan says: Although the yang line occupies a suitable position, it is being plotted against by many yin lines, so it is said that the servants harbor secret intentions to harm others. One should be wary of those close at hand. This hexagram indicates many worries across affairs, but it does not portend great misfortune. Lawsuits may drag on, and prisoners will find it hard to be freed, because yang energy is weak.

Master He says: Travelers may encounter bandits, and those staying at home should be concerned, as servants may stir up trouble. When people gather, disputes and quarrels arise easily; seeking to accomplish affairs will meet with setbacks, and the sick may suffer curses from their underlings.

Attaining-Aspiration Lesson (Self-Sufficient Hexagram, 1-3-1)

Lesson of Calamity. This lesson shows a single Yang line alone in the upper position, its strength weak. The Yin force dominates within the household, signaling that the servants may bring worry and trouble. Only one Yang line sits at the top, with an Old Yin (lǎo yīn) below it, and the middle Yin line is too yielding to restrain the lower position. Calamity may therefore rise from below, and one should be especially wary of servants. When one inquires about a matter, the outcome is mostly unfavorable.

This lesson and the Sixth Hexagram both have a single Yang line on top, but their meanings differ. In the Sixth Hexagram, the lower position holds a Young Yin (shào yīn), which suggests that what lies below wishes to attach itself upward but is obstructed in the middle. Here the lower position is an Old Yin, whose force is strong and unrestrained, and the middle line has no power to check it. It is like a household where the husband is weak and the wife is young, while unruly servants and fierce maids do not heed their master's commands. The danger is easy to imagine.

Attaining-Aspiration Lesson (Self-Sufficient Hexagram, 1-3-1)

The wish is clearly attainable, and the moment is favorable. Goods are sufficient for daily needs, and there is no shortage of people to carry out the work.

Master Yan says: since the wish is already fulfilled and the resources are adequate, there are also people to send out on errands. He further says: pure Yang governs the affair, which signifies attaining one's aspiration; with a heart set on justice, wealth and daily necessities are abundant. Han Zi says that when King Wen of Zhou attacked the state of Chong and arrived at the ruins of Huanghe, he looked back at his attendants and found them all capable and virtuous, yet there was no one he could send to carry out the task, so he personally tied his shoe-laces and set out. This signifies that worthy and noble persons uphold the Way of justice. Master He says: an official will receive a generous stipend, a traveler will arrive, a sick person will recover on their own, a prisoner will be released, a pregnant woman will bear a son, commerce will prosper, and what is sought will be greatly rewarded.

This lesson signifies the Dragon standing in the central position, with the times in great favor and both above and below willing to cooperate, so that one is fully able to accomplish something. Yang energy is vigorous and rests in its proper place. Having both aspiration and timing, and with the Young Yang above and below joining in common purpose, one need not worry about shortages of goods or people. When this lesson is obtained, most of what is sought will be realized. It is a lesson of great fortune.

Affairs Fulfilled: Lot of the Tai Hexagram, 1-3-2

Formerly nothing went as one wished, but now one can finally act with ease and according to one's heart. All things find their proper places, and affairs can be carried out with clarity and smooth progress.

Yan says: When one first begins to realize one's wishes, loyalty and goodness should be the foundation, and one should not act for private gain. Those who are away from home will return, and the sick will show convulsive symptoms. Yan also says that Heaven, Earth, and Humanity, the Three Powers, each occupy their proper positions, Yin-Yang is in harmony, and the way of the junzi (the exemplary person) therefore flourishes. One may act as one wishes, and all things accord with what is normal. This hexagram also governs promotion and longevity, favors trade, and makes all undertakings auspicious.

He says: When marriages are harmonious, affairs bring great gains, and farmland and silkworm cultivation prosper. Those in hardship will realize their wishes, prisoners will be released, sought-after matters will go as hoped, and those who are traveling will arrive soon. Affairs proceed clearly and smoothly, and all things find their proper order.

The Explanation says: The past was unsatisfactory because yielding Qi dwelt within. Now yang Qi is vigorous and moving outward, so the times have turned toward peace and smoothness. Being upright and free of selfish motives makes the road broad. This hexagram signifies that Heaven, Earth, and Humanity each attain their places, Yin-Yang is in accord, and the way of the junzi can prevail. One should avoid secretly pursuing private advantage and should act openly and honorably. Obtaining this hexagram brings great fortune.

Talent Attained: Lot of Peaceful Good Fortune, 1-3-3

Talented people are many, and the radiance of one's De (Virtue) is conspicuous. When people meet, joy and harmony prevail, and there is lasting ease without calamity.

Yan says: Entering office through talent brings noble patrons, and results are gathered only at year's end, with help coming from more than one person. The sick will recover, those who are away will return, and all undertakings are auspicious. This hexagram is especially favorable for seeking an audience with a lord or winning fame.

He says: Seeking office will be fulfilled, and those who are traveling will arrive. Trade, farmland, and silkworm cultivation all profit, and marriages are auspicious. The sick may show convulsive symptoms, and lawsuits will be difficult to win. On the whole, this hexagram is auspicious.

Ziyou Lesson (The Hexagram of Free Roaming and Delight), 1-3-4

Riding a dragon and driving a swift steed, one roams freely through the four quarters. The heart is cheerful, every matter goes as one wishes, and joy has no end.

Master Yan says: One may follow one's own inclinations, traveling east and west and coming and going north and south, and there is almost nothing that cannot be accomplished. Those who have gone out and not yet returned will recover, and the sick will have their convulsions ease on their own. The Book of Changes (Yijing) says, "Riding the six dragons in their seasons to govern the heavens." It also says, "The mare belongs to the kind of the earth, traveling across the land without boundary."

Master He says: Efforts to capture thieves or find lost property will bear fruit. A pregnancy will produce a son. Trade is profitable, a marriage proposal will succeed, farming and sericulture will prosper, and the imprisoned need not worry. All matters will ultimately dissipate and be resolved.

The commentary on the hexagram statement explains: "Riding the dragon and driving the swift steed" means that the lower follows and supports the upper; "roaming the four quarters" means that no one can obstruct it. In this lesson one yang sits above, while the middle and lower places each occupy their proper position. The three yang lines symbolize the dragon, and the four yin lines symbolize the swift steed. Each is in a suitable place and serves to be driven by me, so it is fitting to roam the four quarters and indulge in pleasure. One who obtains this lesson is well suited to vigorous advancement. If one asks when a person who has gone out will return, the answer is that the person has not yet returned, but is faring contentedly and as desired abroad.

Anxiety Lesson (The Hexagram of Isolation), 1-4-1

The upper place stands alone, and the lower place is also alone, making one easy prey for treacherous people's schemes. The heart is burdened with worry, like a sickness that cannot be cured all at once. One must wait until the season of spring before gradually regaining ease.

Yan says: One is often anxious and fearful, worrying that disaster may strike. Fortunately, a benefactor offers help and protection, so in the end one can escape harm. For someone asking about illness, spasms will not appear until the second or third lunar month. It is also said that two Yang lines are separated by layers of Yin lines and cannot receive support. This is like treacherous ministers usurping power, with calamity first befalling the petty. It is a sign that trouble is approaching: few matters will go smoothly, and travelers will meet with obstacles.

He says: Seeking profit through business is inauspicious; one may fall prey to thieves’ schemes. The sick will recover slowly, and prisoners will not be released for the time being. This hexagram carries a slight hint of ill fortune.

Explanation: There is only one Yang line above and one below, while Yin lines gather in the middle, showing that Yin energy is strong. Petty people obstruct matters from within, making it difficult for things to proceed smoothly. If one asks about holding to what is right or preserving what one has, one may fall prey to thieves’ schemes. The sick will recover slowly, and prisoners will not be released for the time being. This hexagram carries a slight hint of ill fortune. One should hold firmly to the right path and wait for the right time; only then can one protect oneself.

In this divination, there is one Yang line above and one below, with four Yin lines in the middle, symbolizing petty people banding together. The right path is obstructed, so most inquiries meet with hindrances and unfavorable outcomes. One should remain upright and self-possessed to avoid calamity. This divination resembles the fifth hexagram, but there a lesser Yin line sits in the middle and still has some affinity with Yang, symbolizing the ability to protect oneself. Here, by contrast, four Yin lines join forces. Their numbers and strength make them difficult to remove. Help to overcome this predicament will come only when Yang energy gradually grows stronger in the months ahead.

The Caution in Virtue Divination: Thieves and Robbers Hexagram, No. 142

When Heaven and Earth are broad and at ease, petty people act without restraint. Prohibitions cannot be enforced, and thieves break into my home.

Yan says: Property is likely to be lost, and an elder in the household will fall ill, recovering only in autumn. This hexagram is best suited to holding firmly to the right path; one should not take the initiative in pursuing one’s aims. Travelers have no set date for returning, and those pursuing fugitives will not catch them.

He says: Even with medicine, the sick are unlikely to respond well. Lawsuits are difficult to settle, earnings from seeking wealth will be meager, and households should guard against theft. This hexagram is greatly inauspicious.

Heaven and earth are broad and open, allowing laws and commands to be carried out. Thieves watch my home, yet cannot see what is happening inside. The noble person therefore sighs, while the petty person is pleased. This hexagram has many yin lines and only one yang line. Yin energy is strong at the central position; the line below would normally respond to the one above, but is blocked in between and instead draws close to the central position. Thus the noble person’s home seems to have been occupied by thieves. If you obtain this hexagram, beware of thieves. Matters of household life, managing property, trade, seeking office, warfare, and travel are all inauspicious. Only flight and concealment are relatively favorable.

The Thieves-Defeated Forecast: The Command-Issued Hexagram (20, 43)

The ruler issues a command to the official in charge, ordering him to attack and eliminate treacherous and wicked men. Weapons are sought out, spears and halberds are arrayed, and the retinue is imposing.

Yan says: It is suitable both to serve at another’s direction and to direct others; acting alone and arbitrarily will lead to failure in either case. A sick person is being troubled by a ghostly presence, which should be driven away. A traveler is safe and sound; you may go to meet them. This is favorable for divining about a punitive expedition.

Yan also says: It is suitable both to serve at another’s direction and to direct others; acting alone and arbitrarily will lead to failure in either case. A sick person is troubled by a ghostly presence, which should be driven away. A traveler is safe and sound, and it is favorable to meet them. Divining about suppressing bandits or pursuing fugitives brings certain victory. If treachery is within, it is an internal calamity; if outside, it is an external threat. For a punitive expedition or capturing fugitives, a small force is more successful than a large one. Trade is favorable, and seeking office will go as desired. Farming, sericulture, and marriage are all auspicious.

He says: The image of a ruler attacking and eliminating treachery will also come to pass. Legal disputes will resolve on their own, and no undertaking carries danger.

Explanation: Yin energy lies between the lines, and the question concerns the right way. The ruler issues a command to punish, with strong forces at hand. Spears and halberds are sought out to attack illness and malign influences. In this hexagram, one yang line occupies the upper position, three yang lines flourish below, and four yin lines lie in the middle. Though the yin lines seek to obstruct them, the three yang lines join together. The yin forces of evil are thereby exposed, giving the image of a ruler ordering soldiers to eliminate treacherous and wicked men. Divining about a campaign or capturing fugitives brings a great victory. A sick person will recover with treatment. In a court case, the party in the right will prevail. A traveler is safe, obstacles will be cleared, and most matters are auspicious.

The Battle-Lost Forecast: The General-Wounded Hexagram (144)

Jackals, wolves, tigers, and leopards roar as torrential rain pours down for days. The battle cannot be won. Though the troops are weak and the soldiers brave, the enemy will still overpower them, and there will be many casualties.

Yan says: Overcome the enemy and secure your own advantage; an upright person can win. Travelers will be safe, obstacles can be cleared, and most matters will go smoothly.

Defeat in Battle: the Decrease Hexagram (144)

Jackals, wolves, tigers, and leopards roar, while unrelenting rain pours down. It is hard to win in battle; the forces are weak, and even elite troops cannot make good use of their skills. The army is bullied by the enemy and suffers many casualties.

Yan says: Seeking to overcome the enemy and secure your own advantage is unreasonable; most matters will be hard to accomplish. Travelers should turn back, as they may face danger on the road. It is not advisable to send out troops to punish the enemy. He also says: Yin energy grows stronger by the day, while the ruler’s power wanes. Foreign enemies, like jackals, wolves, tigers, and leopards, attack from all sides and are hard to defeat.

He says: Local officials should strengthen border defenses and guard against bandits. Even in a high place, one may encounter a flood. The sick are gravely ill, prisoners will find it hard to escape, and lawsuits will be hard to resolve. Matters repeatedly go awry; trade, farming and sericulture, and seeking office are all unfavorable.

Explanation: The roaring jackals and wolves and the overflowing rain symbolize isolated, weakened Yang energy. Treacherous people form factions and collude, leaving the situation dangerous and hard to save. This reading has only one Yang line above layers of Yin lines, giving rise to the image of roaring tigers and leopards and unending rain. Divination on all kinds of matters is inauspicious, especially for military action. Only in a severe drought, when rain is being sought, might rain be obtained. This is the tenth reading in the upper group of the three images.

Divine Aid Reading: the Divine Protection Hexagram (211)

The divine general Taiyi commands the troops, with the Jade Maiden standing at his side. Wu Xian becomes an immortal master, able to dispel calamity.

Yan says: The senior head of the household may fall ill, and a female ghost may be causing trouble; a ritual to avert misfortune should be performed. Most matters face hidden obstacles, and travelers are consequently unable to return. He also says: Taiyi is a revered celestial deity, and the Jade Maiden is his attendant; Wu Xian was a worthy minister of the Shang dynasty. This hexagram invokes these honored names to indicate that prayer and rites to avert calamity can bring blessings. If a sick person is thought to be troubled by an evil spirit, rites to avert misfortune should be performed promptly. Seeking office, handling affairs, conducting business, and marriage are all auspicious.

He says: Travelers are about to arrive. Disputes and quarrels will bring no harm, and lawsuits will end without injury. Help from others will also be forthcoming. It is suitable to pray for blessings and ward off calamity, and the things undertaken can succeed.

This type of hexagram is like Taiyi, a deity in Daoist divination, leading troops into battle to drive away ill omens. Yang energy is vigorous while Yin energy is weak and isolated, so demons and malign forces cannot endure for long. Although the Yin line is above, the two Yang lines respond to one another. They symbolize shared aims and united efforts to eliminate evil. In the end there will be no misfortune, and help will come from others. This hexagram is favorable for praying for blessings and averting calamity; undertakings can succeed.

Another interpretation also explains this hexagram as Taiyi leading troops to drive away ill omens. Although the Yin line is above, Taiyi can be made to serve us, forming an omen of victory in battle. The Jade Maiden, a goddess in Daoist divination, accompanies us, and the radiance of Wuxian, an ancient shaman, shines upon us. Even if the matter being divined brings difficulties and doubts, it can ultimately succeed with help from friends. A sick person can recover after praying to avert calamity; travelers will return; and in battle there will be a great victory.

The Lustful Gu Hexagram: the General’s Defeat Hexagram, with lines two, one, and two

Two women vie for the company of one man, pressing against one another from above and below. Yin energy suppresses Yang energy, causing depletion and emptiness.

Yan says: Men and women overcome one another, and a couple will separate soon after marrying. Travelers will return, but they will encounter bandits on the way. Outwardly, this hexagram does not bear the image of the Jade Maiden, and inwardly it does not accord with the image of Taiyi. One Yang line is suppressed by two Yin lines: this is a hexagram of depletion, and illness will worsen.

He says: There is no benefit in what one seeks, and undertakings will not go smoothly. Travelers have not yet arrived. Harvests from the fields and silkworm raising will disappoint. Lawsuits will be difficult to settle. Illness is serious, and all matters are greatly inauspicious.

The explanation says: Two women surrounding one man symbolize Yang energy trapped within Yin energy. Jing is suppressed and Shen is driven away; one can only yield to licentious conduct, which ultimately leads to depletion and decline. In this hexagram, one Yang line is trapped between two Yin lines. Neither Yin nor Yang is vigorous. The weak Yang energy seeks harmony but cannot recover its strength, and is instead suppressed by Yin energy. Therefore, all matters asked about are inauspicious.

The Suppression of Treachery Hexagram: the Regulation Hexagram, with lines two and three

Yin clouds rise in the sky while Yang energy stirs below. A noble person can set disorder right, and petty people will fear punishment.

Yin Qi secretly occupies the Yang position, like clouds rising into the sky. Yang Qi gathers powerfully below and is about to ascend to the position of the ninth line in the fifth place, the ruler’s seat. Suppress rebellion and forbid violence, and all kinds of evil will naturally dissipate. A light punishment is enough to serve as a warning. This hexagram is especially suited to those overseeing government affairs and restoring order. Matters may begin with worry but will later turn to joy.

Yan says: What you seek will be difficult to attain, and what you undertake will be hard to bring to success. Hold to the right path and punish those who cause disorder; petty people will restrain themselves for fear of punishment. The sick person has not yet developed convulsions. Those who have gone away may return, but gain nothing and may even be falsely accused.

The explanation says: Dark clouds rise in the sky, like a dragon leaping from the depths. Removing evil through the right path is like washing it away, one rinse after another. This reading shows petty people fearful of punishment; the sick person has not yet developed convulsions; those who have gone away may return, but gain nothing and may even be falsely accused.

The explanation says: Dark clouds rise in the sky, like a dragon leaping from the depths. Removing evil through the right path is like washing it away, one rinse after another. In this reading, Yin and Yang are not each in their proper positions, but one Yang line occupies the center and three Yang lines lie below. This symbolizes a gentleman bringing order to chaos and overcoming weakness through firm resolve. It is auspicious to consult about governing affairs, administering the people, pursuing fugitives, or suppressing rebellion. In a lawsuit, one will prevail by upholding what is right; one should not act secretly. For a gentleman, this reading is greatly auspicious; for a petty person, the opposite is true.

The Dispersal and Flight Hexagram, lines two through four

The fields lie barren and the land is desolate; the people migrate and are scattered. They will return home only when a year of plenty arrives. Yan says: This reading shows Yin Qi developing to its extreme, so Yang Qi cannot suppress it. The fields lie barren and the people are scattered; they will have to wait for a good harvest year before returning. The sick will recover only after a long delay, and crops and silkworm harvests will fare poorly.

He says: Officials will lose their stipends, those who have gone away have not yet returned, and crops and silkworm harvests will suffer losses. Although this hexagram is inauspicious, it will cause no harm. If you are content with poverty, remain still and avoid rash action, and accumulate De through good deeds, matters will naturally turn auspicious.

This divination indicates that the fields lie fallow and the land is empty, making it unsuitable to rely on or live in. Petty people each harbor different intentions, and in the end they cannot help one another. If you hold fast to the right path and wait patiently, you will eventually receive what is due to you.

This is an image of Yang Qi sinking into Yin Qi, with Yin Qi flourishing below. It therefore presents a scene of barren fields and scattered people. However, the Yin Qi below has grown old, and its parts no longer seek to unite. When petty people reach the height of their power, they begin to decline. The weaker Yin Qi above, by contrast, draws close to me, so in the end I can return to my old home. If you consult about a matter, you will meet with obstruction; keeping still and waiting for the right moment brings good fortune.

Divination on Hoarding Too Much: The Warning Against Greed Hexagram (221)

Burying gold and jade, one imagines oneself supremely exalted. Yet the debt owed to ghosts remains unsettled, and the spirits will not bestow their blessings.

Yan says: Yang represents nobility, so gold and jade serve as its metaphor. Though one imagines oneself supremely exalted, the spirits will not protect one. If a sick person is believed to be troubled by ghosts, prayers and rites to dispel the affliction should be performed promptly. In a legal dispute, one must seek someone’s help to obtain relief.

He says: Enjoying a stipend while still coveting wealth invites disaster. Even when one possesses treasures, one must fear thieves. If you consult about illness, recovery will be difficult; a traveler far away has not yet returned; a prisoner will find it hard to escape; farming and silkworm raising will yield no harvest; and a military campaign will go badly. Being tormented by ghosts is an ill omen.

This divination indicates that gold and jade are buried and treasures hidden because Yang Qi lies below. The path of ghosts moves upward, and blessings cannot be obtained through outside means. The solitary Yang is pressed down by two Yang lines and can accomplish little; meanwhile, the two Yin lines above have already taken the position of weakness. Those who obtain this divination regard these things as treasures, and so they have no blessings, only worries. They should take this as a warning against coveting wealth.

Divination on Peace and Stability: The Adorned Garden Hexagram (222)

The year is abundant, each month goes smoothly, and fields and property continue to expand. Stability is as firm as Mount Tai, and in the end no misfortune occurs.

Heaven-given fortune comes to one’s doorstep, like the rising sun. If one enters government service while young, rank and salary will steadily flourish.

Yan says: It is auspicious to seek wealth at home; those who have traveled have not yet returned. The sick should seek a way to relieve their illness, and may also pray for blessings through sacrifice. He also says: Yin energy stirs in layer upon layer, like the rising sun. This hexagram is close to wholly auspicious. One should simply avoid prolonged seclusion, fleeing, or rebellion. Business, trade, and hiring servants are less likely to go as hoped; most other matters are auspicious.

He says: The plans one makes are ambitious, yet one can fulfill one’s wishes. The sick face no serious danger, and launching a military campaign is auspicious. It is suitable to pray for the stars’ protection, and one’s plans can proceed smoothly. In all matters, one should avoid acting in secret.

Yang energy is vigorous and rises upward. Firmness occupies the lower position, while gentleness rests above it. By striving to deepen one’s virtue and cultivate one’s endeavors, one can receive the blessings bestowed by Heaven. This divination shows two Yin lines above and vigorous Yang energy below. The Yang energy gradually rises, like the sun at dawn. For those seeking an official position or advancement in public service, it is highly auspicious. The reading as a whole is purely auspicious, but it does not favor reclusion, long journeys, trade, or work involving servants.

Wealth-Proliferating Reading · Smooth Success Hexagram 224

Wealth is abundant like a wellspring; no matter how much is drawn from it, it will never run dry. Every undertaking will succeed, and happiness will follow one joy after another.

Yan says: All matters are auspicious, and something worth celebrating will occur in the household. Those away from home will soon return. Wealth is inexhaustible, like water from a well, and every wish will be fulfilled, bringing joy.

He says: Officials will be promoted, and those engaged in earning a living will enjoy abundant resources. Harvests from fields and silkworm cultivation will double, bringing good fortune and happiness. The sick will recover, and prisoners will be released. This hexagram is greatly auspicious.

Explanation: Wealth is abundant like a wellspring, symbolizing the benefits gained from the land. Yin is gentle and yielding, and the upper and lower positions respond to one another, so most undertakings can be fulfilled. In this reading, Yin energy is strong in the lower position and faces no conflict or restraint from above; this therefore symbolizes fertile land. The two Yin lines occupy the upper position gently and yielding, without acting rashly, and enjoy their benefits in peace. For anyone who draws this reading, all undertakings are auspicious.

Auspicious Outcome Reading · Worry and Joy Hexagram 231

Worry weighs on the mind, bringing restless nights and fear of calamity. In the end, no calamity occurs; instead, good fortune arrives. A joyful celebration brings happiness and great benefit.

Yan says: At first there is worry, but in the end there will be joy. He also says: The Yin line occupies a position in Heaven, where it does not belong. Thus, although there is worry at first, the three Yang lines together support it, and the Yin line cannot bring about harm. This hexagram brings a minor worry at first, followed by great good fortune; therefore, there will be no calamity or blame.

He says: Disputes and rumors will not escalate, and someone who has gone away will return. Marriage and business will be difficult at first, then become easier. A sick person’s condition will initially be serious, but will later improve. A legal case will turn from bad to good, while lost belongings will be difficult to recover.

Explanation: The Yin line occupies a position of honor, but it is not suited to that place. Yet worry will fade and turn to good fortune because firm Yang occupies the center. This reading symbolizes Yin above and Yang below, each out of its proper place. But one Yang line is below, and the strong Yang lines occupy the center; Yin is weak and cannot suppress firm Yang. Though there may be doubts at first, good fortune will come in the end. Matters often begin with cause for worry and eventually turn out well. The worry is only a false alarm; the good outcome is what truly comes to pass.

Peace and Safety Reading · Qiantong Hexagram 232

Both above and below are settled, and the heart is free of harmful thoughts. This is the image of standing firm and secure. Yet one Yang line is below, and the strong Yang lines occupy the center; Yin is weak and cannot suppress firm Yang. Though there may be doubts at first, good fortune will come in the end. Matters often begin with cause for worry and eventually turn out well. The worry is only a false alarm; the good outcome is what truly comes to pass.

Peace and Safety Reading · Qiantong Hexagram 232

Both above and below are settled, and the heart is free of harmful thoughts. Be steady and free from worry; do not readily believe rumors.

Yan says: When the heart is upright, good fortune follows naturally. Do not readily believe rumors. Someone who has gone away will return, and a prisoner will be released. Although the upper and lower lines of this hexagram are both Yin, three Yang lines are in the middle. Though there may be worry at first, if each stays in its proper place, there will be no regret or calamity. Everything will proceed smoothly and as usual, turning from worry to good fortune. Serving one’s ruler and making friends will also go more smoothly.

He says: A man who marries will find a beautiful woman; someone who has gone away is on the way back; a pregnant woman will give birth to a boy. A sick person may show unusual symptoms, but there will be no serious harm. A legal case will dissipate. Farming and silkworm raising will be favorable; military campaigns, business, and all other matters will bring great good fortune.

Explanation: The upper and lower parts are both yielding, while firm Yang at the center takes charge. Because it is upright and unyielding, it wins the support of everyone. This reading has three Yang lines at the center, with Yin lines above and below. Yin has not yet grown strong, so there is no conflict; instead, the image is one of harmony. A contest between firm Yang and flourishing Yin cannot arise, symbolizing stability above and below. Though a hexagram image is present, there is no danger.

Evil-Averting Reading · Flourishing Virtue Hexagram 233

Everyone loves and respects me, and I can protect them from calamity. Fierce dogs will not bite me, and everything I undertake will succeed.

Yan Yun says: Most matters asked about will turn out favorably, and you will receive help from others. Those who have left will return, and you will gain wealth; everything at home will go well. He also says: Though a Yin line occupies the upper position, it is not in its proper place. Weiyang’s strength grows day by day, enabling him to dispel calamity, and so everyone loves and respects him. These statements all refer to the first three hexagrams: a Yin line occupies a Yang position, overstepping its place, yet causing no harm to De. Continue cultivating, and good fortune will follow; what you fear will bring no harm.

He Yun says: Those who serve as ministers or regional governors will receive worthy assistance; a man who marries will surely wed a virtuous woman. The sick will recover, prisoners will be released, and you will receive help from others. You will win in battle, a pregnancy will result in a boy, and business will be profitable. The explanation is this: occupying a high position with humility and distinction naturally wins people’s affection. With capable and worthy people to assist and carry out affairs, safety and freedom from harm are assured. In this hexagram, the Yin line occupies the upper position but does not use its power to oppress others; below it, the Yang lines are upright and free from wrongdoing. The fierce dog not only refrains from biting people, but instead drives away danger on their behalf. When you ask about a matter, you will gain everyone’s support and their help in bringing it to success.

Great Catch Divination: Controlling Things Hexagram (second, third, and fourth lines)

Han Lu, a famous hound of old, chases a rabbit that can barely move its feet. A fierce dog blocks the way ahead while the hunter follows behind, hemming the rabbit in on all sides until it has almost nowhere to escape.

Yan Yun says: The household will be safe, and those who have left will return; people who set out before and after will also arrive one after another. He also says: Three Yang lines are positioned in the middle and can subdue the lesser lines. A fierce dog chases and bites at a rabbit, leaving it almost nowhere to escape.

Yan Yun adds: This means the quarry will be caught in no time. What you ask about will begin small and grow into something greater. This hexagram is favorable for catching fugitives and finding people who have gone missing; it also promises substantial wealth. It is unfavorable, however, when asking about illness.

Holding office, farming, raising silkworms, and pursuing all kinds of affairs are favorable; travelers will also meet with good fortune. The sick are in distress, prisoners face obstruction, lawsuits are difficult to settle, and troops sent into battle will return empty-handed. It is also said: Though this journey will bring some hardship, there is no need to sigh. Fish by the edge of a deep pool, and you will surely catch a great fish.

Explanation: Three Yang lines occupy the center, and their firm, vigorous force is strong. The weak and petty cannot contend with them; even if they try to resist, they will ultimately have to follow the arrangements made for them. In this hexagram, three Yang lines lie between two Yin lines, but the young Yin is above and the old Yin below. Their intentions differ, and both are constrained by the firm, vigorous force, leaving them little room to act. This gives rise to the image of “Han Lu chasing a hare,” meaning a hound pursuing a rabbit. Drawing this hexagram is favorable for pursuing fugitives, suppressing bandits, seeking wealth and profit, and pursuing marriage. Travel will meet with obstacles; prisoners will find it hard to escape; illness is serious; at home, there will be no disaster. In general, plans are easy to bring to success, while resolving matters already in motion is difficult.

Fortune in Decline and Revival: Hexagram of Revival (241)

The undertakings of the sages are handed down from generation to generation. Even if they decline for a time, they will rise again. This is like the small melons on a vine, continuing one after another and gradually growing upward.

Yan says: Things are at first unfavorable, but will later come together again. What is sought can be gained quietly, but efforts to resolve matters are unlikely to succeed.

Fortune in Decline and Revival: Hexagram of Revival (241)

The undertakings of the sages are handed down from generation to generation. Even if they decline for a time, they will rise again. This is like the small melons on a vine, continuing one after another and gradually growing upward.

Yan says: Though things may encounter setbacks, they will eventually come together again. What is sought can be achieved quietly, and all affairs will go smoothly. It is also said: Though Yang energy is weak, its aims remain on the right path. It grows gradually from low to high, like a vine of melons stretching and climbing upward. One must act with upright intentions to revive declining undertakings and continue a lineage that has been interrupted. This hexagram foretells good fortune in gaining promotion in office, receiving blessings and favor, and seeking children.

He says: Study will bring achievement, and travelers will soon return. The harvest from fields and silkworm raising will be abundant; trade will be profitable; a wife will be virtuous and beautiful; one will gain promotion in office; and all wishes will be fulfilled. Though the sick are in distress, praying for divine protection will bring good fortune. If asking about a lost object, however, it will not be recovered.

When Yin energy reaches its peak within the body, it must begin to decline. The spreading vine and its small melons symbolize Yang energy returning. As they gradually grow upward, they show the right path beginning to turn back.

In this hexagram, young Yang—the newly arising Yang energy—lies beneath many Yin lines, leaving it isolated, weak, and in danger. Yet young Yin is above and old Yin is in the middle, and the Yin lines do not accord with one another. Once the petty people’s influence reaches its height, they will naturally fall into division and discord; meanwhile, young Yang is rising from below. As one side gradually declines and the other advances, it is like a vine extending and growing upward. This signals the decline of the old forces and the gradual restoration of order. Whatever is divined will be auspicious.

Disaster-Avoidance Lesson · Hexagram of Stillness, 242

Summer passes and autumn arrives, and frost becomes a calamity. Birds and beasts shed their feathers and fur, while plants and trees wither and decay.

Yan says: Matters mostly begin to go smoothly in spring. Staying at home is auspicious; those who have gone away have not yet returned. He also says: In summer, things grow; in autumn, they are gathered in. As Yang energy disperses and Yin energy reaches its height, birds and beasts shed their coats, and plants and trees wither. A noble person should understand that this is a dark and difficult time, suited to keeping still; one must not rashly push ahead with affairs. This hexagram carries a slight sense of ill fortune.

He says: Officials will suffer unexpected entanglements and may be harmed by bandits or prisoners. A sick person’s condition will worsen from hardship. Military campaigns will go badly, lawsuits will be difficult to resolve, and those away from home will not yet return. Livelihood plans will not go smoothly, and quarrels or theft may also occur.

The explanation of the hexagram statement says: Summer departs and autumn arrives, as Yin energy gradually grows stronger. Plants and trees turn yellow and draw inward, warning people to remain quiet and uphold what is right. Yin energy governs this hexagram, with old Yin in the middle; this is precisely a time when the path of the noble person is obstructed. If you receive this hexagram, withdraw and gather yourself, remain content in stillness, and do not seek advancement; then things will be auspicious. Most undertakings will not go as hoped, and a sick person will be in great distress.

Enlightenment Lesson · Hexagram of Renewal, 243

When Yin energy reaches its extreme, it transforms into Yang energy; hibernating insects also begin to stir and stretch. At this time, amnesty is proclaimed throughout the realm, and bells and drums resound with great force.

Yan says: Yin Qi turns and gives rise to Yang. Treat the many earth-burrowing insects—creatures hidden beneath the soil—with reverence and kindness, spreading beneficence widely like bells and drums sounding together, so that the dark prison opens. This is an image of the power of the Celestial Immortals to transform and govern. For an inquiry about promotion in official service, it is greatly auspicious. It is not suitable for an inquiry about marriage, since Yin and Yang harm one another and are difficult to bring into harmony. Sunzi says, “Do not attack an army whose banners are orderly, or assault a formation whose ranks are well arranged.”

He says: Vast beneficence is bestowed from above, freeing those who are imprisoned. Officials are promoted, and those engaged in trade or livelihood increase their earnings tenfold.

Explanation: When Yin Qi reaches its extreme, it turns into Yang, so change arises from within. “The earth-burrowing insects emerge” is like thunder sounding beneath the ground. Bells and drums sounding together signify virtue and reputation spreading far and wide. In this hexagram, the three Yang lines gradually overcome Yin Qi at its height, like thunder startling hibernating creatures. It symbolizes the gradual flourishing of the noble person’s way. Most matters asked about are auspicious. In sending out troops, one should put civil virtue into practice and win people over through virtue.

Prognostication for Illness: Hidden Connection Hexagram 244

Yin Qi is excessive. Though the illness is minor, it leaves the person lying rigid and unable to rise, filled with sorrow; they look up at the sky, then bend down and lower their head.

Yan says: What is sought will be difficult to obtain, and travelers may encounter hardship. Illness caused by Yin Qi develops through gradual encroachment, so it has not yet reached its extreme and is called a “minor illness.” Yet the sick person lies rigid, looking up at the sky but waiting in vain for help; they can only bow their head and lie prostrate, consumed by worry. Matters asked about under this hexagram are mostly perilous; only acting in secret is relatively suitable.

He says: The sick person will be difficult to save, a prisoner is about to be sentenced, and the matter will be hard to resolve through discussion. Travelers, too, will meet with setbacks. This hexagram is inauspicious.

Explanation: Yin Qi gradually grows stronger, bringing sorrow and hardship. Bowing down while looking toward the sky indicates that distress has worsened. In this hexagram, two Yin lines are trapped below, while one Yin line remains above; taken as a whole, it is an ominous sign. For an inquiry about illness, the judgment is certain death. Prisoners will find it difficult to escape, those besieged will receive no aid, and other matters are also perilous.

Here ends Volume One of The Orthodox Classic of the Original Chapters of the Numinous Chess (Lingqi benzhang zhengjing).

“Ascending and Soaring Lesson, Great Penetration Hexagram (1-1-1-1)”: the Dunhuang manuscript writes “Ascending and Soaring,” with a gong-shaped mark between the two characters. For “thus attaining wealth and honor,” the Dunhuang manuscript has “bringing wealth and honor”; for “not favorable to conceal one’s strategy,” it has “one cannot hide and flee.”

Master Yan says: “To admire the great from a small position can bring wealth and honor; if one occupies a high position yet envies a low one, there will be the peril of danger and downfall.” The Dunhuang manuscript says: “A person of low status who admires high status cannot thereby obtain wealth and honor; a person of high status who envies low status will show sorrow.” The scripture further says, “Heaven and Earth have already taken their places”; the Dunhuang manuscript has “Heaven and Earth are fixed in their places.” For “to make,” it has “to announce”; for “high indeed,” it has “high”; for “establish merit,” it has “merit.”

“For the old and sick it is not suitable to divine marriage, because it is difficult to unite with pure Yang.” The Dunhuang manuscript writes: “In divining marriage, it is difficult to unite with pure Yang.” “The traveler has not yet returned; one imprisoned will be released; buying and selling will be profitable”; the Dunhuang manuscript has “The traveler has not yet arrived; the detained will get out; buying and selling will be profitable.” Master He says, “An official will be promoted, should become prominent, and should not live in seclusion”; the Dunhuang manuscript has only “An official will be promoted.”

“For the sick, it is not suitable to stay in a dark place; they should go outside to avoid it, and then it will be auspicious”; the Dunhuang manuscript has a similar statement. For “no harm,” the Dunhuang manuscript has “no suffering”; for “the battle group is victorious,” it has “a united battle is victorious”; for “agriculture and sericulture, fishing and hunting yield great harvests; auspicious,” it has “agriculture and sericulture, fishing and hunting all have great harvests.”

“Gradual Peace Lesson, Receiving Blessing Hexagram (1-1-2)”: the Dunhuang manuscript writes “Gradual Peace,” with a gong-shaped mark between the two characters. For “managing property,” the Dunhuang manuscript has “pledging property”; for “not yet reached,” it has “come to reach.”

Master Yan says: “Settle the mind and fix the will, wait for the time; when the proper year arrives, all affairs will be auspicious. If one is eager for quick success, it will be difficult to get what one wishes.” The Dunhuang manuscript writes: “Settle the mind and fix the will, wait for the coming year; all affairs will be auspicious. If one is impatient in one’s expectations, one cannot get what one wishes.” The scripture further says: “The positions of Yin-Yang are already rectified; the Way of Heaven and Earth is thereby established. This is the image of human undertakings and settled occupation.” The Dunhuang manuscript has: “The Yin position has already been rectified, and the Dao is thereby established; this is used to explain human affairs.”

“Gradual Peace Lesson, Receiving Blessing Hexagram (1-1-2)” was originally placed after “Battle Defeat Lesson, Will Suffer Loss Hexagram (1-4-4)”; the order of the hexagrams was incorrect. It has now been adjusted according to the original table of contents.

Mingyang Divination: The Small Advance Hexagram (311)

This is a favorable time to enter office and receive a stipend. Good fortune and prosperity will accompany you for a while. Work diligently and do not let this opportunity pass.

Yan Youming’s commentary says: “An official post and stipend have arrived at just the right time. Even in difficult circumstances, good fortune and prosperity will come. Proceed with care and diligence, and do not grow slack. The sick will recover soon. Travelers will return, and will also gain something along the way. This hexagram shows darkness being dispelled, the Yang forces brought under control, and light returning. By observing the state’s flourishing splendor, one can understand one’s own position. All manner of affairs will proceed smoothly and peacefully. Other matters, too, are well suited to being taken up while the time is favorable; marriage and seeking office are especially auspicious.”

He Chengtian’s commentary says: “If you seek something, choose the right time to pursue it. The sick should pray for blessings. Travelers will soon arrive home. Prisoners should seek help from officials responsible for law enforcement, and they will be able to avoid punishment.”

Explanation: Yang energy is bright and upright, and the path to office is wide open. When a noble person enters public service, they should seize the moment and act promptly. The hexagram has three Yang lines in their proper places, while the Yang energy below is also rising. This signifies the flourishing of the Yang way and the retreat of Yin influences. If you seek an official career or hope to realize your ambitions, take advantage of this favorable opportunity. All inquiries favor bold action; do not let the moment pass. Matters are auspicious overall, though secretive dealings are unfavorable.

Heaven’s Blessing Divination: The Finding the Way Hexagram (312)

Climbing high and gazing into the distance, one sees only a road leading to Heaven. A holy Jade Maiden grants me a sacred talisman, bringing lasting good fortune, freedom from old age, and protection of my person.

Yan Youming’s commentary says: “This is an omen of gaining wealth, and the matter is connected with a woman. Staying at home is auspicious. Travelers have not yet returned, but they will obtain something extraordinary. The sick will recover on their own. It also says: Heaven and Earth each rest in their proper place, and Heaven and humanity accord with one another. It is like climbing to a high place, enough to preserve oneself.”

Master Yan says: This is a sign of obtaining something precious, and the matter concerns a woman. The household will be fortunate. Someone who has gone away has not yet returned, but will obtain an unusual object. The sick will recover on their own. He also says: The positions of Heaven and Earth have been set right, and Heaven and humanity are in harmony. It is like climbing to a height and looking into the distance, surveying Heaven and Earth in all directions while responding below to Yin energy. A person may meet a partner who is well suited to them, as though a divine talismanic mandate could be awaited and made manifest. Even after living past a hundred, one can sit in peace and continue to advance. This hexagram is an auspicious sign for a person of high standing. Yin and Yang each occupy their proper place, with nothing to overcome or injure the other, so all things are auspicious.

Master He says: The household will be fortunate, and marriage will go smoothly. Those who have gone away will travel without hindrance, and the sick will recover soon. If involved in a lawsuit, it is advisable to seek help from a high minister. Farming and silkworm raising will go well; a pregnant woman will give birth to a boy; and trade will be profitable.

Explanation: Climbing high and looking into the distance signifies occupying a high position. The Jade Maiden—a fairy who symbolizes the yielding power of Yin—bestowing a talismanic mandate signifies harmony with Yin energy. Being centered and upright, with a response from above, signifies receiving Heaven’s protection. In this divination, one Yang line occupies the center, receiving support above from a firm, discerning ruler and responding below to its complementary partner, the Lesser Yin. It is therefore supremely auspicious.

This is a divination of high standing, symbolizing an elevated position. The Jade Maiden bestowing a talisman signifies harmony with Yin energy; being centered and upright, with a response from above, signifies receiving Heaven’s protection. In this divination, one Yang line occupies the center, receiving support above from a firm, discerning ruler and responding below to its complementary partner, the Lesser Yin. It is therefore supremely auspicious.

Divination of high standing; see “Noble Hexagrams 313.”

Virtue shines brightly, and good fortune and longevity endure. The seven stars of the Northern Dipper guard my person. One may be promoted and receive official rank; generations to come will enjoy good fortune and prosperity.

Master Yan says: Both above and below are Yang, and both inside and outside are bright. This is not a hexagram suited to divination by ordinary people, but one for the worthy and honored; by way of comparison, it may be likened to seeking an audience with the ruler. He also says: Whatever one seeks will be obtained, and those who have gone away will return.

Master He says: Officials will be promoted, and those seeking success in their studies will achieve it. An army sent into battle will occupy advantageous ground and suffer no losses. The sick should pray for the protection of the heavenly spirits. Marriage is well suited, trade is profitable, and those who have gone away will return. Silkworm raising and wheat cultivation will both be auspicious, and lawsuits will be resolved. This hexagram brings great good fortune.

Explanation: Virtue shining brightly signifies the radiance of the Yang Way; the seven stars of the Northern Dipper guarding one signify the retreat of Yin influences and evil. When divining about seeking office or pursuing a plan, one will receive help from an influential person; when choosing a site for a tomb or residence, one can find an auspicious location. Those living in a place will undergo a change, while travelers will gain something. This is a divination for an honored person. Even ordinary people who obtain it will encounter an unexpected piece of good fortune.

This hexagram indicates that strange events have occurred repeatedly in or around the home, causing unease and fear. It is therefore advisable to ask a ritual specialist to investigate and to pray to the spirits, performing rites to ward off misfortune and seek blessings. Here, “warding off” means praying and conducting rites to avert calamity. If one sincerely cultivates blessings and performs these rites, the home and family may find peace. Even an ordinary person who receives this hexagram may encounter an unexpected joy.

Yan’s commentary says that things are often unsatisfactory at first, but later usually turn out as hoped. Those traveling away from home are about to return, and news will arrive first; staying at home is also auspicious. He explains this through the hexagram’s imagery: Yin energy gathers within, while at the upper position Yang appears in its fullness, like someone sitting peacefully at home and seeing something strange. “The ritual specialist appears” means that one arrives at the right time, so prayer is appropriate. If rites to ward off misfortune can dispel calamity, one may say that the spirits have granted protection. Overall, affairs are slightly auspicious.

He’s commentary says that this hexagram warns of possible calamity, and advises cultivating blessings and performing rites to avert disaster. One may also face verbal disputes, lawsuits, misfortune, nightmares, or strange occurrences. Overall, there is anxiety at first, followed by improvement: things begin with difficulty but end more easily. Since fortune and misfortune are mixed, one should act cautiously and perform rites to ward off harm. For a sick person, making offerings to the Heavenly Deities is auspicious. A marriage is likely to come together, and there will also be a response between those within and outside the home.

The explanation says that seeing strange signs can cause unease. If an old ghost is troubling the household, one’s own efforts may not be enough to deal with it; one should report it to the spirits and seek safety and protection. In this hexagram, Yin energy gathers within while Yang energy is strong at the upper position, so those who receive it are often in an intermediate position. When strange events occur in the home, performing rites to ward them off is beneficial. The same applies to illness and lawsuits, and one may seek help from others. In general, there is anxiety first, followed by good fortune.

The text beginning “The first hexagram of the delivery divination is auspicious and bright; it ensures that nothing is lost” is repeated. It means that this hexagram is auspicious and bright at first, and can ensure that one remains unharmed. When strange events arise in the home, or there is illness or a lawsuit, it is appropriate to perform rites to ward off misfortune and seek help from others. Matters generally begin with worry and end well.

The “Auspicious Beginning” hexagram of the delivery divination says: A guest comes from the south and gives me precious things, such as jewels, curios, a gold plate, and a jade cup.

Someone brings a gift to the door. The household is safe and fortunate, those who have gone away will return, and treasures and wealth may be gained. Another interpretation says: a Yin line occupies the central position and corresponds to the Yang lines outside. A friend comes to visit from afar—how fitting is that? The south belongs to Yang, which is why the text says, “comes from the south.” Precious treasures are things used by distinguished people; golden plates and jade cups are fine vessels for entertaining guests.

He says: Marriage is auspicious, wishes can be fulfilled, the sick will recover, business will be profitable, lawsuits will dissipate, and those who have gone away will return. This is an extremely auspicious hexagram.

Explanation: A guest comes from the south, as firmness and yielding respond to one another. Receiving the guest with golden bowls and jade cups expresses respect.

He says: Marriage is auspicious, wishes can be fulfilled, the sick will recover, business will be profitable, lawsuits will dissipate, and those who have gone away will return. This is an extremely auspicious hexagram.

Explanation: A guest comes from the south, as firmness and yielding respond to one another. Receiving the guest with golden bowls and jade cups expresses respect. In this divination, the Lesser Yin line, a type of Yin line, occupies the middle. A Yang line below responds to it in harmony, while above it Yang energy is abundant and occupies its proper position. The Yin line is yielding and responds to the Yang line outside, so it symbolizes receiving treasures and wealth. “Comes from the south” refers to the upper three lines forming the Li trigram, which represents the south. The image of golden bowls and jade cups comes from the Qian trigram below, which represents gold, jade, and round objects. The lowest line corresponds to the line above and harmonizes with the middle line. The middle line is Yin, symbolizing welcoming guests with gifts. For those who obtain this hexagram, all matters are auspicious, especially seeking wealth and marriage.

No Misfortune Divination: Peaceful Agriculture, Hexagram 322

The land is at peace, free from hardship and danger. It is suitable for farming and labor, as well as for travel and coming and going.

Yan says: Those below do not encroach upon those above, which is why the land is said to be at peace. It is suitable to sow and cultivate, and business will also be profitable. One’s career in office will gradually advance. When divining about illness, there is no serious cause for concern. Those who have gone away will be safe and return soon. Marriage is fitting, and the household will be fortunate.

He says: Those with wishes will see them fulfilled. The sick will improve and gradually recover. There is no need to worry about lawsuits. All matters will be stable and go smoothly; this is a greatly auspicious hexagram.

The land is at peace. Those in lower positions are gentle and humble, so they face no hardship and have no doubts in their hearts. There is no deceit or discord between those above and below, and matters naturally proceed as they should. This divination pattern symbolizes firm Yang energy occupying the upper position, while the middle and lower levels are in harmony with one another. The situation is therefore stable, and there are no obstacles in advancing or withdrawing. Questions about all manner of affairs receive an auspicious outcome.

Divination of Respectful Harmony · Hexagram of Concord (323)

Those in upper positions are upright and proper, and their subordinates each fulfill their duties. The family is harmonious, and young and old work together in unity. What is wished for in the heart will not come to naught; whatever is sought can be obtained.

Yan says: A yielding line occupies the central position, symbolizing the way of compliance and support. Hence the phrase “those below fulfill their duties.” This hexagram brings the aid of many people, and whatever one seeks can be accomplished smoothly.

He says: Marriage is auspicious, husband and wife are harmonious, and the household is secure. Those who have traveled will return. Trade, farming, and sericulture all bring profit. A pregnancy will result in the birth of a boy. All affairs are greatly auspicious.

Explanation: Firm Yang occupies the upper position in accordance with the right way. Strength and yieldingness support one another, and subordinates apply themselves to their work. The family is harmonious, and nothing one seeks is beyond reach. This divination is favorable for matters of official service, household management, travel, business, marriage, and trade. It is a greatly auspicious hexagram when seeking to accomplish something.

Divination of Contradiction and Conflict · Hexagram of Discord (324)

Those in lower positions do not obey those above, while those in the middle cannot control those on the outside. Those above and below oppose one another, and order and rules consequently fall into confusion and ruin.

Yan says: The yielding Yin energy gradually grows, and firm Yang energy cannot suppress it. As a result, those above and below fall out of harmony, and order is ruined. The sick are therefore in distress, and medicine has little effect. Military campaigns end in defeat, and travelers are long delayed in returning. This hexagram is inauspicious for all affairs.

He says: What one seeks is hard to attain, what one undertakes is hard to accomplish, and the household may also fall into confusion and ruin. The sick are in distress, and medicine has no effect. Military campaigns fail, and travelers have not returned. This hexagram is inauspicious for all affairs.

The matter you seek is unlikely to turn out as you wish, and what you undertake is unlikely to succeed. Your household may be scattered and your possessions damaged. Military campaigns will go badly, and journeys to distant places may bring disaster. The sick will suffer worry and hardship; lawsuits will drag on, and imprisonment may be unavoidable. You may encounter danger wherever you go. Nothing is auspicious, and this is no time for change. Conditions may improve only when the new year begins, but even in the first month, drawing this hexagram remains ominous.

Explanation: Those below refuse to obey those above. Yin energy is strong and takes the lead. Those above and below oppose and restrain one another, each pressing down on the other. Order and discipline are thrown into disarray and decline, making victory difficult in the end. In this hexagram, the upper and lower lines overcome one another. Soft Yin energy lies in the middle: it can neither unite the people nor properly follow those above, so the situation is bound to descend into chaos and decline. To draw this hexagram is inauspicious for all matters.

Divination for Long Life: Hidden Virtue Hexagram (331)

The Four Eminences of Shangshan—four worthy men who lived in seclusion on Mount Shang at the end of the Qin dynasty—nourished body and mind, cultivated the Dao, and put it into practice. By regulating the breath and inhaling and exhaling primordial Qi, the vital energy said in Daoism to be the source of life, one can attain longevity and remain youthful.

Yan says: Though this hexagram represents pure Yang, it takes those in the lower position as its focus, resembling the image of “jiaxun.”

Divination for Long Life: Hidden Virtue Hexagram (331)

The Four Eminences of Shangshan nourished body and mind, cultivated the Dao, and put it into practice. By regulating the breath and inhaling and exhaling primordial Qi, they were able to live calmly and freely.

Yan says: Though this hexagram represents pure Yang, it takes the lower position as its focus, resembling the image of “jiaxun.” It can nourish Qi that is pure and refined. For all matters, it is auspicious to remain settled and uphold the right path. Marriage alone is unfavorable, because this hexagram is pure Yang.

He says: Officials will be promoted. Farming and silkworm raising should begin early. Those traveling far away will return soon, lawsuits will be settled quickly, and the sick will recover on their own. Trade and the acquisition of property are both auspicious; all matters will go smoothly. This is a highly auspicious sign.

Explanation: The Four Eminences of Shangshan lived in a secluded place yet were perceptive and wise. By regulating the breath and inhaling and exhaling primordial Qi, they were able to live at ease. In this hexagram, Yang energy is layered above, symbolizing a time when civilization flourishes throughout the land. Another Yang line lies below, a position suited only to the circumstances of the Four Eminences of Shangshan. To draw this hexagram is a sign to live quietly and uphold the right path, enjoying peace and well-being; it is not a time to seek advantage by pressing forward against others.

Divination of Growing Strength: United Hearts Hexagram (Lü 13)

Two people are of one mind, responding to each other within and without. They share a single country and depend on one another like lips and teeth.

Yan says: What one gains comes through the help of others; what one loses is caused by oneself. He also says: Three yang lines together above a yin line symbolize two people working with one heart. Matters at home and other affairs are auspicious, and official service is especially favorable; marriage brings a few minor setbacks. The sick are frail and recover slowly. Entrusted tasks can be completed successfully. Those who have traveled have not yet returned, but news will arrive soon.

He says: Relations between ruler and minister accord with proper etiquette, and friends work with one heart. Trade is profitable, while pregnancy and marriage bring a few minor setbacks. The sick are frail and recover slowly. Entrusted tasks can be completed successfully. Those who have traveled have not yet returned, but news will arrive soon.

He also says: Ruler and minister conduct themselves with proper etiquette, and friends are of one mind. Trade is profitable; a pregnant woman will give birth to a boy, and silkworm raising and wheat cultivation will yield modest harvests. Someone will come forward to help in a legal case. The sick face no serious danger, but should seek medical care promptly. This hexagram brings no calamity and is a very auspicious sign.

Explanation: Two people of one mind symbolize yang strength working in harmony. Yin, yielding and compliant, lies below, so no harm is done. The two sides depend on each other, as firmly as a fence. In this reading, one yin line lies beneath two yang lines, yielding without resistance or conflict. The two yang lines above act with one heart, inwardly and outwardly in accord, symbolizing people living in the same state. They are like lips and teeth: neither can do without the other.

Questions about relations between ruler and minister, siblings, spouses, or friends are all auspicious. Do not give way to baseless suspicion; home life and business will both go smoothly. If someone speaks ill of another, do not believe it too readily. Sowing promises a good harvest, and silkworm raising and wheat cultivation will also bring yields. A pregnant woman will give birth to a boy. Legal cases will be handled justly, and help will be available. The sick should seek medical care, pray for blessings and the dispelling of calamity, and ask for peace and safety. Marriage will be harmonious, and a suitable spouse can be found. Those who have traveled have not yet returned, but news will arrive soon. When this hexagram is consulted about tasks, transactions, or household affairs, it is generally a very auspicious sign. Another text says: Do not pursue something new, or the outcome will be unfavorable.

Prosperity Reading: Strength in Equal Measure

When people prosper together, their strength grows greater; they become both wealthy and flourishing. It is an auspicious time to establish achievements, and no force can stand in the way.

“Yan Yun” says: All three positions in this hexagram are yang lines. Yang energy is abundant to the utmost, so there is scarcely any force that can prevent one from accomplishing great deeds. In handling affairs, one should follow the right path and remain selfless; never follow an evil path. This will bring good fortune.

“He Yun” says: This hexagram is full of vigor. A pregnant woman will give birth to a boy, and someone traveling far away will arrive soon. Business will be profitable, and harvests from the fields and silkworm raising will double. Fishing and hunting will both yield rewards. Moving house is auspicious, and troops sent into battle will win. If stationed at the border, they will keep the territory secure. The household will prosper, illness will be cured, lawsuits will dissipate, and trade will be profitable. This hexagram signifies great good fortune.

The explanation says: The three yang lines are united in purpose and virtue, symbolizing flourishing strength. Great deeds can be accomplished, and moving house is auspicious. Troops sent into battle will win, border defenses will secure the territory, the household will prosper, illness will be cured, lawsuits will dissipate, and trade will be profitable. This hexagram signifies great good fortune.

The explanation also says: The three yang lines share the same virtue, symbolizing flourishing strength. One can accomplish great deeds and shoulder important responsibilities. All three positions in this hexagram are yang lines: firm, strong, and abundant. They symbolize prosperity and flourishing at their height, making this hexagram suitable for accomplishing great deeds. Those who draw it are well suited to taking action; it is especially auspicious for military campaigns. However, if consulted about illness, the prognosis is serious; if consulted about marriage, the outcome is unfavorable, because the hexagram is pure yang.

The Beautiful Maiden Reading, auspicious for the yin hexagram, three-three-four

Amid green windows and purple chambers are beautiful women. Their expressions are gentle, their beauty exceptional, and they seem to exude the fragrance of orchids.

“Yan Yun” says: Yin positions are flourishing, and the matter concerns women. The sick will recover on their own, and all that is sought will be obtained. It also says: Pure yin lies below and corresponds above to the human and celestial realms. A person’s nature is fresh and fragrant, like orchids. A traveler will arrive soon; marriage will be especially harmonious; the sick will be well, and all affairs will go smoothly.

“He Yun” says: This hexagram concerns inner nobility. If consulted about marriage, one may marry someone of high status; those of low status will find marriage more difficult to arrange. This is a yin hexagram, so inquiries about matters belonging to yang are unfavorable. For plans or lawsuits, good fortune comes if one can find someone powerful, or receive help from an inner-court noble, a Buddhist nun or monk, or a Daoist priest. Whether at home or away, there will be financial gain and happy occasions. People will also admire and respect one, and all affairs will be peaceful.

The explanation says: Above, firm yang lines are doubled, symbolizing the prominence of the yang way; below, groups of yin lines support them, symbolizing the Ji and Jiang womenfolk, an ancient term for beautiful women. One’s descendants will flourish. This hexagram inspires admiration, and all affairs will be peaceful.

The upper position is weighted with strength, symbolizing the brightness of the Yang Way; the many Yin lines in the lower position submit and respond, symbolizing Ji and Jiang, ancient surnames for women, often used to refer to noblewomen. This bodes well for flourishing descendants and a prosperous household. Although this divination has many Yin lines, they are all in the lower position, while the Yang Way is above, bright and flourishing. Those who are yielding and compliant dare not transgress, so a proper correspondence is formed. Most matters asked about go smoothly: travelers return soon, marriage is highly auspicious, relations are harmonious, and illness will not prove fatal.

The Lu-Acquisition Divination, the Fortune-Rising Hexagram, three-four-one

The positions of ruler and ministers are reversed, and great profit is about to arise. The relay horse brings a letter, and people may act as they please.

Yan says: Moving house and traveling are auspicious. Those who go away to seek profit will gain something, and plans for business will come to fruition. A traveler who has not yet returned will first send a letter. A sick person whose living conditions are unsuitable should move or go elsewhere to recuperate. It may also be that a promise to make a ritual offering was made but not kept; once it is fulfilled, fortune will turn favorable. Yan adds that one Yang line below and many Yin lines above is why the hexagram is called “positions reversed.” A venture is about to take off and needs the help of others; hence it is called “the traveling letter.” Matters asked about under this hexagram are often difficult at first, but later bring great joy and celebration: hardship comes first, ease afterward.

He says: People in official positions will see changes in their posts, so matters will turn out well; travelers by water or land will return. A livelihood or business will bring substantial profits, a pregnancy will yield a boy, and a man who marries will find a good match.

Explanation: The hexagram image depicts ruler and ministers in reversed positions, with Yin lines supporting Yang lines. The relay horse moving at will signifies having lost the proper direction to follow. Three Yang lines are above and one Yang line below, so this is called “ruler and ministers in reversed positions.” The four Yin lines are in the middle, beneath the Yang lines that ride over them. The third line, firm and vigorous by nature, occupies an outer position and cannot assist the ruler; instead, it draws close to the many Yin lines and schemes to bring about great profit. A relay horse carrying a letter and traveling at will—if matters are judged according to this image, the danger is extreme. This hexagram is precisely the reverse of the first hexagram in the upper section of the third image, Lesson Fifteen. Comparing the two makes the author’s intent clear.

The Doubt-and-Stagnation Divination, the Uncertainty Hexagram, three-four-two

There is something one is quietly observing and planning, but one fears it cannot be carried out. Hesitant about whether to advance or retreat, one does not know what to do.

There is something one hopes to do, yet one worries it cannot be carried out. One hesitates between advancing and retreating, unsure what to do.

Lesson of Doubt and Stagnation · Hexagram of Uncertainty (342)

Yan says: When a matter has no clear direction, it is because the mind is not firmly set; when the mind is not firmly set, the matter is hard to bring to success. He also says: The Yin line is in a lower position and should correspond with the Yang line above, but the Yin lines in between obstruct it, leaving one hesitant and indecisive. Still, if one rallies and continues to work at the matter, there will eventually be some gain. When this hexagram is consulted about a matter, it usually indicates an inauspicious beginning but a successful outcome.

He says: What one seeks is hard to obtain, what one undertakes is hard to accomplish, and making a living is unfavorable. An official may resign or lose influence. Travelers may easily lose their way. Lawsuits are hard to resolve, and illness points to worry and danger. This hexagram symbolizes confusion and a lack of clarity.

The explanation says: One has hopes because the person or matter to which one should respond is below. One fears being unable to act because petty people are obstructing the way. One hesitates between advancing and retreating because one cannot make up one’s mind. In this hexagram, the Yin line in the lower position should correspond with the Yang line above, but the four Yin lines in between separate them. The upper line seeks to correspond with the first line, but is also constrained by the Yin lines, leaving it unable to decide and giving rise to worry. When this hexagram is consulted about a matter, it usually indicates confusion and difficulty achieving success; for illness, the condition will fluctuate; other matters are also likely to go poorly.

Lesson of Evil’s Decline · Hexagram of Bright Illumination (343)

The sun rises in the east, its light blazing bright. Even an ominous influence is illuminated and dispersed by the sunlight. When many worthy people suppress Yin and evil, calamity will be averted.

Yan says: The hexagram still contains strong Yin energy, which is why it is called “demonic energy”; but the Yang energy within and without will shine upon it and disperse it. When this hexagram is consulted about a matter, the beginning may be unfavorable, but things will improve later.

He says: A lawsuit may be difficult to resolve at first, but someone will come to help. Those in confinement will be released. The sick will first face difficulties, then gradually improve. Travelers will arrive soon. Business dealings and seeking an official post are often unsatisfactory at first. In general, matters begin poorly but improve later.

This type of divination shows that a legal case will be difficult to bring to a smooth conclusion, though someone will offer help; a person in confinement can escape. At first, the sick person will be in a difficult state, then develop symptoms such as convulsions. Someone who has gone away will arrive soon. Business dealings and seeking an official post will both be difficult. Matters often go badly at first, but later turn greatly auspicious.

The explanation says: Yang Qi is blazing, and all above and below in Heaven and Earth is bright. When pernicious Qi reaches its height, it begins to decline and can no longer continue its mischief. Once Yin influences have dispersed, the righteous Way can be put into practice. This divination has two forces of vigorous Yang overcoming one strong force of Yin. So although success takes effort at first, it will ultimately be achieved. Divination about various matters is generally auspicious; even when danger arises, it will not cause great harm. Divination about secret or illicit matters is unfavorable.

Upper Position, Upright Lesson: Three Yang Hexagram, three, four, four.

Above is a wise ruler, while below are ministers who slander him. The sun and moon shine in every direction, yet cannot reach the dust hidden in dark places.

Yan says: Three Yang in the upper position symbolize a wise ruler. Though the sun and moon are bright, they cannot reach the dust hidden in dark places. Those in high positions will fare well, and disputes will be hard to win. Marriage may bring a virtuous wife, and the sick will face no great danger.

He says: Though Yang Qi occupies the upper position and shines brightly, the many Yin influences remain like dust, rising up to obscure it.

Yan again says: Three Yang in the upper position symbolize a wise ruler. Though the sun and moon are bright, they cannot reach the dust hidden in dark places. Those in high positions will fare well, and disputes will be hard to win. Marriage may bring a virtuous wife, and the sick will face no great danger.

He again says: Though Yang Qi shines from the upper position, the many Yin influences still rise up to obscure it. The sun and moon may be bright, yet dark dust still appears. Thus, matters divined under this hexagram often bring regret and setbacks, and seeking an official post is difficult. Marriage, however, is auspicious, because Yin and Yang join and respond to one another. The illness will wax and wane, and recovery will come only at the beginning of spring. Most matters are slightly auspicious; things will go smoothly only when action is taken in spring.

The explanation says: Vigorous, upright Yang Qi occupies the upper position, symbolizing a wise ruler above. The Yin Qi gathered below is like dark dust obscuring the light. The obstruction has not yet been cleared, and one’s aspirations are hard to fulfill. In this divination, vigorous Yang Qi occupies Heaven’s position, while the middle and lower positions are both occupied by pernicious Yin influences, which together create an obstruction. There is a ruler, but no upright ministers to assist him, so the ruler cannot put his aspirations into practice. Divination about most matters brings regret; only marriage is auspicious, because Yin and Yang unite. This hexagram is half auspicious and half inauspicious.

Lonely and Impoverished Lesson Encountering a Difficult Hexagram: four, one, one.

Coming from a warm place to a cold one, with only a thin quilt and light clothing. Separated from a loving mother, one suffers such misfortune.

Yan says: Below are two Yang lines, obscured by the surrounding Yin lines. If you give up something you cherish, you may instead find yourself subject to the pity or restraint of a domineering person. Most matters divined with this hexagram are inauspicious: travelers have not yet arrived, illness will worsen, and separation is also indicated. You should remain as you are. This hexagram is auspicious when obtained in the first or second lunar month, but inauspicious in other months.

He says: Advancement in official life is unlikely, and efforts to earn a living will bring no profit. The home is lonely and poor, and circumstances are desperate; you can only struggle to preserve what you have. Separation is also indicated, so you should remain as you are. This hexagram is auspicious when obtained in the first or second lunar month, but inauspicious in other months.

He says: Advancement in official life is unlikely, and efforts to earn a living will bring no profit. The home is lonely and poor, and circumstances are desperate. Prisoners will find it difficult to escape, the sick will find it difficult to recover, and nothing you undertake will go as you wish. A marriage is unlikely to end well. Proceed with caution and preserve what you have; only after the New Year will circumstances gradually begin to turn.

Explanation: Your clothing is thin, and your position is lowly and lonely. Yin energy is strong, layers of it hanging overhead, and there is no companion at your side. In this hexagram, two Yang lines lie beneath many Yin lines and receive no response, like an orphan. Above them is an ominous Yin force, like a jealous woman looking down on an orphan and worsening its plight. Thus, illness is critical; travelers are delayed and trapped; official careers meet with setbacks; efforts to earn a living are unlikely to succeed; military campaigns are obstructed. Almost every matter divined with this hexagram is inauspicious.

The Hidden Dragon Divination: A hexagram for waiting for the right time.

Shun personally farmed at Mount Li. The land there was fertile and the harvests abundant, yielding much year after year.

Yan says: What you plan will begin in the third or fourth lunar month and conclude in the eighth or ninth. He also says: Emperor Shun kept a low profile and farmed with his own hands, and the harvest happened to be good. Who but Shun could have achieved this? This divination has the same meaning as the first line of the Qian hexagram in the Book of Changes: “The hidden dragon. Do not act.” Preserve yourself, live in seclusion, and wait; inwardly, you can cultivate the Virtue befitting a ruler. Matters large or small may be undertaken if they accord with benevolence, but deliberate striving for gain is unsuitable. The prognosis for a sick person depends on their living conditions and circumstances; recovery will come by late autumn.

He says: This is a favorable time for farming and silkworm raising, and what you seek can be obtained. Trade will be profitable, and the household prosperous. Travelers will return, pregnant women will give birth to boys, and marriages will be harmonious. Most matters divined with this hexagram are greatly auspicious.

The Correct Scripture of the Basic Chapter of the Spirit Chess says: Yin Qi has gathered above and has reached its limit. Those of deep virtue will receive a response, so they should remain in a lower position. When the time comes, they will rise, and no one will be able to stop them. Although this hexagram has only one Yang line among many Yin lines, the Yin Qi above is at its peak and has reached the end; below, a Lesser Yin line is close to it. Though those above show no favor, those below respond. This is why the hexagram takes as its image Shun farming at Mount Li: although Shun was not loved by his parents, he ultimately became known throughout the world for his deep virtue.

Beneficial Friend Reading: Response Hexagram 413

An honored guest comes to the door and tells me that good fortune and celebration are on the way. If I go to meet the invitation, I will surely receive a favor.

Yan says: When someone comes to summon you, it is appropriate to go; this hexagram also indicates being invited by another. Although Shun was not loved by his parents, he ultimately became known for his deep virtue.

Yan also says: If someone invites you, you may go; if you are invited but do not go, it will be inauspicious. This hexagram indicates that going is appropriate. If someone away from home is summoned, they will return. It also says: In this hexagram, the inner responds to the outer. The matter being divined concerns something away from you, and your intention is to go; a force in the middle position will provide support. An honored guest comes to the door; the visitor is likely a noble figure such as a royal grandson. For marriage, this hexagram indicates that the timing is right; seeking something will also go smoothly. Another version says, however, that it is unfavorable when seeking other kinds of matters.

He says: An official will achieve merit; farming and silkworm raising are auspicious. The sick will recover, lawsuits will be settled, those away will arrive, and wishes will be fulfilled. All things are greatly auspicious.

The explanation of the divination says: A royal grandson coming to the door indicates that the response comes from outside. Going will bring a favor, because someone outside is offering support. In this hexagram, the Yin Qi above is waning while the Yang Qi below is flourishing. When Yin Qi reaches its extreme, it seeks help from Yang Qi; hence the image of someone coming to knock at the door. The royal grandson represents a person of rank and distinction. The Lesser Yang in the middle does not compete with you but instead helps you, so going will also bring good fortune and celebration. Matters asked about favor taking action, and a noble person will lend support. The sick will encounter a skilled doctor; troops will receive reinforcements; most things are auspicious.

Persistent Deceit Reading: Many Difficulties Hexagram 414

People part from one another, meeting rarely and separating often, and repeatedly encounter obstacles. Nothing goes smoothly, and what one hopes to do is hard to accomplish.

Yan Yun’s interpretation: Whatever one plans is unlikely to go as hoped. Still, the illness may take a turn for the better if one can consult a good physician; when sending out troops, matters will also go smoothly if others come forward to join them.

The Prolonged Hardship Reading (a reading of enduring distress) · The Many Adversities Hexagram 414

People part ways and grow distant, while matters are repeatedly obstructed. The situation is unfavorable in every respect, and plans are hard to carry out.

Yan Yun’s interpretation: Nothing one plans goes as desired; instead, one feels frightened and unsettled. This is because the hexagram contains only one Yang line, which cannot hold its own strength. Though it occupies a central position, it still suffers repeated harm. Even retreating and enduring in silence offers little protection. The hexagram as a whole is perilous: even holding to old matters brings little stability, while making plans for new ones is still more dangerous.

He Yun’s interpretation: Travelers by water and by land encounter repeated setbacks. The sick are unlikely to recover, prisoners cannot be released, and trade brings no profit. This is a very inauspicious hexagram.

Explanation: People part ways and live apart because, in hardship, no one comes to their aid. Alone and without support, how can they get anything done? This reading symbolizes solitary Yang energy trapped amid layers of Yin energy, unable to rouse itself. Almost everything is therefore inauspicious.

The Divine Aid Reading (a reading of help from the spirits) · The Extreme Adversity Hexagram 421

Four ghosts and two mediums bow to one another. The heavenly spirits descend and dispel the calamity of being struck down and imprisoned. The sick will gradually improve and should receive Heaven’s protection.

Yan Yun’s interpretation: All obstructions can be resolved. Yin energy is heavy in the hexagram, with only Yang energy remaining; ghostly forces bring upheaval. To cure illness and dispel misfortune, one must rely on the aid of the heavenly spirits. Matters begin poorly, then turn auspicious.

He Yun’s interpretation: Cooperation with others is favorable, marriages can be harmonious, prisoners will be released, the sick will recover, travelers will return, and pregnant women will give birth to boys. Silkworm raising and wheat crops will yield little. Old grievances will resolve on their own; seeking office or wealth brings worry first, then joy.

“Four Ghosts and Two Shamans” refers to Yin Qi flourishing and moving upward. The descent of blessings from the heavenly gods indicates that when hardship reaches its limit, good fortune will follow. In this hexagram, Yin Qi is strong; ghostly and divine forces appear above, while Lesser Yin occupies the middle and draws close to its own kind. Although one Yang line is present, its force is too weak to rise. Yet when a young man and young woman seek union with one another, they can come together. They can therefore make petitions on my behalf, asking for blessings and the removal of calamity. What appears above to be a force of dominant Yin is ultimately not an evil ghost, but a heavenly god. This is a sign that obstruction will give way to peace and prosperity. When divining about a matter, seeking someone’s help will bring support: things will first be blocked, then turn to joy.

Ritual-Release Reading: A Hexagram Auspicious for Sacrifice, Four-Two-Two

A tomb stands high on a hill, with ghosts and spirits moving above it. Perform an expiatory rite and offer sacrifice promptly, and trouble can be avoided.

Yan says: Yin Qi has gathered without any Yang Qi, and the terrain rises steeply, resembling a tomb. The Qi of ghosts and spirits is strong. Only by making offerings with focused attention can one escape trouble.

He says: If you have promised to offer sacred objects to the gods, you should fulfill that promise; doing so will bring good fortune. If something strange occurs, it is fitting to make offerings to the ghosts and spirits dwelling in the hills.

This hexagram indicates ordinary fortunes. In seeking office, pursuing wealth, treating illness, or dealing with a lawsuit, matters will be difficult at first but turn auspicious later. Those traveling away from home will face obstruction from a woman or a Yin force, but will return of their own accord in summer. In other respects, all will be well.

Another interpretation: A tomb elevated on a hill symbolizes flourishing ghostly Qi. Perform an expiatory rite and sacrifice as soon as possible, in accordance with the revelation received. In this hexagram, the four lines above are Yin, and the middle and lower lines are also Lesser Yin; there is no Yang Qi, so the image is that of a tomb on a high hill. Only by showing reverence, yielding, and making proper offerings can calamity be avoided. The querent should not fight or compete. In handling affairs, act with gentleness, uprightness, and fairness, and good fortune will follow.

After-Laughter Reading: A Hexagram in Which Expiation Brings Blessings, Four-Two-Three

The Metal Essence, symbolizing the Qi of the West and the forces of weapons and killing, is about to arise. Fortunately, a Worthy Officer—a person of virtue and standing—comes to help. With his left hand he suppresses the Metal Essence, and I thereby receive favor and protection.

Yan says: Metal corresponds to the West and the position of Lesser Yin, and governs weapons and killing. “Worthy Officer” refers to a great person of high standing. The left belongs to Yang. This means that when Yin Qi is about to stir, help that suppresses it can turn danger into safety.

“After sorrow comes joy; this is the forty-second and third hexagram, a hexagram for averting calamity and praying for blessings.” It means that there may be worry at first, but joy follows. This hexagram concerns warding off misfortune and seeking blessings.

The hexagram statement says that Metal Qi is about to surge. Thanks to the aid of a noble person, who extends a left hand to suppress it, one receives favor and protection. Here, “Metal” refers to Metal among the Five Phases (Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, Water). It corresponds to the West and also symbolizes the killing force of autumn and the energy of weapons and warfare. “Senior officer” refers to a person of status and power. “Left hand” here stands for Yang Qi, which is used to suppress Metal Qi, representing Yin Qi. According to the hexagram commentary, when Yin Qi is about to arise and cause harm, the aid of a powerful person can dispel the calamity, for Yang Qi can restrain Yin Qi. Thus, although this hexagram carries cause for concern, matters will not develop into disaster. Even if the situation is extremely chaotic, it can ultimately turn auspicious.

He Yun says, “This hexagram begins…”—that is, “Master He says: This hexagram begins…” The remainder of the passage is not preserved.