《抱朴子外篇》Vol. 13

In this chapter, Ge Hong (Daoist name Baopuzi) emphasizes the crucial importance of talented individuals for a nation's prosperity. He cites numerous historical examples to illustrate this point: when You Yu was among the Rongdi tribes, Duke Mu of Qin grew anxious; when Chu executed its renowned general Dechen, Duke Wen of Jin rejoiced; Yue Yi's departure led to Yan's decline, while Fan Li's service enabled Yue to achieve hegemony. These cases all demonstrate that losing talented ministers inevitably leads to state collapse.

The author further employs classical allusions to underscore the value of exceptional individuals: even the tomb of Liuxia Hui (a virtuous scholar of the Spring and Autumn period) could intimidate enemies—how much more formidable would living sages be in court? When Duan Ganmu (a Warring States recluse) lived in seclusion, his mere presence deterred invading armies—what greater achievements might he have accomplished in office? The portrait of Zhi Du (a celebrated Han minister) struck fear into powerful foes, and Zhuge Liang's posthumous reputation continued to deter major states from aggression.

Truly enlightened rulers actively seek out talent: they bring lavish gifts to remote alleys in their search, like discovering precious plumage among blighted trees, dispatching ornate carriages across rivers to extend invitations. They spare no expense, fear no distance, willingly humble themselves, and earnestly court the worthy. Those who recommend capable individuals deserve substantial rewards, while those who obscure talent effectively steal official positions.

The text enumerates exemplary rulers who honored the worthy: the Duke of Zhou bearing gifts to visit impoverished scholars, King Zhao of Qin bowing to Zhang Lu, King Zhao of Yan sweeping the floor for Zou Yan, King Huiwen of Zhao respectfully awaiting Zhuangzi, Duke Wen of Jin enduring numb legs rather than adjust his posture while receiving Hai Tang, and King Wen of Chu accepting Bao Shen's corporal admonishment. Though occupying the highest stations, these rulers willingly condescended—ultimately expanding their vision and wisdom like soaring dragons or leaping tigers, thereby achieving imperial dominance.