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《金丹四百字》

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Qing Daoist texts 清代道教文獻 1 volumes 5,683 characters

About this page. The original text of 《金丹四百字》 (Qing Daoist texts 清代道教文獻, 1 volume) is shown in Classical Chinese as transmitted in the Kanripo (Kyoto University) edition. An English interpretation of the 12 passages on this page accompanies it: select a passage or press “Interpretation” to show it. All texts in English

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Vol. 1

金丹四百字序 七返九還金液大丹者七乃火數九乃金數以火鍊金返本還 元謂之金丹以身心分上下兩弦以神氣別冬夏二至以形神 契坎離二卦以東魂之木西魄之金南神之火北精之水中意 之土是爲攢簇五行以含眼光凝耳韻調鼻息緘舌氣是爲和 合四象以眼不視而魂在肝耳不聞而精在腎舌不聲而神在 心鼻不香而魄在肺四肢不動而意在脾故名曰五氣朝元以 精化爲氣以氣化爲神以神化爲虛故名曰三花聚頂以魂在 肝而不從眼漏魄在肺而不從鼻漏神在心而不從口漏精在 腎而不從耳漏意在脾而不從四肢孔竅漏故曰無漏精神魂 魄意相與混融化爲一氣不可見聞亦無名狀故曰虛無煉精 者煉元精非淫佚所感之精煉氣者煉元氣非口鼻呼吸之氣 煉神者煉元神非心意念慮之神故此神氣精者與天地同其 根與萬物同其體得之則生失之則死以陽火鍊之則化成陽 氣以陰符養之則化成陰精故曰見之不可用用之不可見身 者心之宅心者身之主心之猖狂如龍身之[犭甯]惡如虎身中有 一點眞陽之氣心中有一點眞陰之精故曰二物心屬乾身屬 坤故曰乾坤鼎器陽氣屬離陰精屬坎故曰烏兔藥物抱一守 中煉元養素故曰採先天混元之炁朝屯暮䝉晝午夜子故曰
Interpretation

Interpretation of the Preface to The Four Hundred Words on the Golden Elixir:

This passage explains the core principles of Daoist Neidan (internal alchemy) practice. The "Great Golden Elixir of Seven Returns and Nine Reversions" refers to the alchemical process where seven represents Fire (the number of Fire in the Five Phases) and nine represents Metal (the number of Metal). Using Fire to refine Metal allows the essence (Jing) and vital energy (Qi) to return to their source—this is called the Golden Elixir. In cultivation, the body and mind are likened to the waxing and waning moon (lunar phases), with spirit (Shen) and Qi distinguishing the winter and summer solstices (the waxing and waning of Yin-Yang). The form and spirit must align with the trigrams Kan (Water) and Li (Fire), symbolizing the body's Yin-Yang balance.

The soul (Hun) of the East belongs to Wood, the corporeal soul (Po) of the West belongs to Metal, the spirit (Shen) of the South belongs to Fire, the essence (Jing) of the North belongs to Water, and the intention (Yi) of the Center belongs to Earth—thus gathering the Five Phases. By withdrawing the gaze, stabilizing hearing, regulating breath, and sealing the mouth, one harmonizes the Four Symbols (Azure Dragon, White Tiger, Vermilion Bird, Black Tortoise). When the eyes do not look, the Hun returns to the liver; when the ears do not listen, the Jing returns to the kidneys; when the tongue does not move, the Shen returns to the heart; when the nose does not smell, the Po returns to the lungs; and when the limbs do not move, the Yi returns to the spleen. This is called "Five Qi Returning to the Origin."

The three stages of cultivation are: transforming Jing into Qi, Qi into Shen, and Shen into emptiness—this is called "Three Flowers Gathering at the Summit." The Qi and Shen of the five viscera (liver, lungs, heart, kidneys, spleen) must not leak through the senses, achieving a "non-leakage" state. Ultimately, spirit, soul, corporeal soul, and intention merge into a single Qi, formless and imageless—this is called "emptiness."

A crucial emphasis is placed on cultivating "primal Jing" (innate essence, not the essence of lust), "primal Qi" (not the breath of respiration), and "primal Shen" (not the ordinary thinking mind). These share the same origin as Heaven and Earth—obtaining them brings life, losing them brings death. Refining them with Yang Fire transforms them into Yang Qi, while nourishing them with Yin Talismans transforms them into Yin Jing. Though invisible, they are undeniably real.

The human body is like a cauldron: the body is the dwelling of the heart, and the heart is the ruler of the body. The mind is like a wild dragon, the body like a fierce tiger. Within the body lies a spark of true Yang Qi, and within the heart lies a drop of true Yin Jing—these two are the foundation of cultivation. The heart corresponds to Qian (Heaven), the body to Kun (Earth), forming the "cauldron of Qian and Kun." Yang Qi is like the sun (the crow), and Yin Jing is like the moon (the hare)—these are the "medicinal ingredients." One must hold to the Middle Way, gather the primal Qi, and practice according to the proper timing (Tun and Meng refer to the hexagram sequence in the Book of Changes, while Zi and Wu denote the hours of the day).

行周天之火候木液旺在卯金精旺在酉故當沐浴震男飲西 酒兌女攀北花巽風吹起六陽坤土藏蓄七數故當抽添夫採 藥之初動乾坤之橐籥取離坎之刀圭初時如雲滿千山次則 如月涵萬水自然如龜蛇之交合馬牛之步驟龍爭魂虎爭魄 烏戰精兔戰神恍惚之中見眞鉛杳冥之内有眞汞以黃婆媒 合守在中宮鉛見火則飛汞見火則走遂以無爲油和之復以 無名璞鎭之鉛歸坤宮汞歸乾位眞土混合含光默默火數盛 則燥水銖多則濫火之燥水之濫不可以不調勻故有斤兩法 度修煉至此泥丸風生絳宮月明丹田火熾谷海波澄夾脊如 車輪四肢如山石毛竅如浴之方起骨脈如睡之正酣精神如 夫婦之歡合魂魄如子母之留戀此乃眞境界也非譬喻也以 法度煉之則聚而不散以斤兩煉之則結而愈堅魂藏魄滅精 結神凝一意冲和肌膚爽透隨日隨時漸凝漸聚無質生質結 成聖胎夫一年十有二月一月三十日一日百刻一月總計三 千刻十月總計三萬刻行住坐臥綿綿若存胎氣旣凝嬰兒顯 相玄珠成象太乙含眞三萬刻之中可以奪天上三萬年之數 何也一刻之功夫自有一年之節候所以三萬刻可以奪三萬 年之數也故一年十二月總有三萬六千之數雖愚昧小人行 之立躋聖地奈何百姓日用而不知元精喪也元氣竭也元神
Interpretation

This passage explains the concrete practices and experiences of "celestial cycle fire timing" in Daoist Neidan (internal alchemy) cultivation. Here's a modern interpretation:

During celestial cycle practice, maintaining Yin-Yang balance is crucial: Wood-phase Jingqi (liver-wood fluid) peaks during mao hours (5-7 AM), while Metal-phase Jingqi (lung-metal essence) peaks during you hours (5-7 PM). These two periods require temporary cessation of fire application (called "bathing"). The Zhen trigram (representing Yang energy) absorbs western Metal qi like drinking wine, while the Dui trigram (representing Yin energy) gathers northern Water qi like picking flowers.

The cultivation process unfolds in stages: Initially resembling clouds shrouding mountain ranges, then progressing like moonlight illuminating countless waterways. Internal essences naturally intermingle, coiling like tortoises and snakes, moving in sync like oxen and horses. In the trance state, one perceives true lead (primordial essence); in the profound void, one experiences true mercury (primordial spirit). The "Yellow Matron" (spleen-earth at the center) serves as mediator - since lead scatters when meeting fire and mercury dissipates when heated, they must be harmonized through Wuwei (non-action) and stabilized by nameless nature.

Fire timing requires precision: excessive fire causes dryness, while excess water leads to flooding. At advanced stages, practitioners experience:

  • Breezes sweeping the crown (muddy pellet palace)
  • Bright moonlight illuminating the heart cavity (crimson palace)
  • Intense heat in the lower Dantian (energy center)
  • Joints rotating like cartwheels
  • Limbs heavy as boulders
  • Pores refreshed like after bathing
  • Bones and blood vessels relaxed as in deep sleep
  • Spirit harmonized like conjugal bliss
  • Ethereal and corporeal souls entwined like mother and child

These aren't metaphors but actual states. With correct methods, energy consolidates without dissipation; with precise fire timing, the inner elixir solidifies. Ultimately achieving:

  • Settled ethereal souls
  • Coagulated essence-energy
  • Harmonized spirit-intent
  • Translucent skin

Through sustained practice, formless energy transforms into the tangible sacred embryo (inner elixir). The annual cycle contains twelve months, thirty days per month, one hundred ke (ancient time units) per day - totaling thirty thousand ke over ten months. During this period:

  • Maintain continuous subtle awareness whether walking, standing, sitting or lying
  • Embryonic respiration coalesces into infant-form (elixir prototype)
  • The Mysterious Pearl (elixir's alternate name) takes shape
  • Supreme Unity's authentic qi (primordial energy) becomes embodied

These thirty thousand ke of cultivation capture thirty thousand years of celestial creative work. Because each ke contains complete annual cyclical rhythms, one year of dedicated practice equals thirty millennia of immortal cultivation. Yet ordinary people unknowingly dissipate primordial essence, energy and spirit daily.

離也是以三萬刻刻刻要調和如有一刻差違則藥材消耗火 候虧缺故曰毫髮差殊不作丹是宜刻刻用事用之不勞眞氣 凝結元神廣大内則一年煉三萬刻之丹外則一身奪三萬年 之數大則一日結一萬三千五百息之胎小則十二時行八萬 四千里之氣故曰奪天地一點之陽採日月二輪之氣行眞水 於鉛爐運眞火於汞鼎以鉛見汞名曰華池以汞入鉛名曰神 水不可執於無爲不可形於有作不可泥於存想不可著於持 守不可枯坐灰心不可盲修瞎煉惟恐不識藥材出處又恐不 知火候法度要須知夫身中一竅名曰玄牝此竅者非心非腎 非口鼻非脾胃非穀道非膀胱非丹田非泥丸能知此之一竅 則冬至在此矣藥物在此矣火候亦在此矣沐浴亦在此矣結 胎亦在此矣脫體亦在此矣夫此一竅亦無邊旁更無内外乃 神氣之根虛無之谷在身中求之不可求於他也此之一竅不 可以私意揣度是必心傳口授苟或不爾皆妄爲矣今作此金 丹四百字包含造化之根基貫穿陰陽之骨髓使煉丹之士尋 流而知源舍妄以從眞不至乎忘本逐末也夫金丹於無中生 有養就嬰兒豈可泥象執文而溺於旁蹊曲徑然金丹之生於 無又不可爲頑空當知此空乃是眞空無中不無乃眞虛無今 因馬自然去講此數語汝其味之紫陽張伯端序  金丹四百字
Interpretation

This passage expounds the core principles of Neidan (internal alchemy) practice in Daoism. The cultivation of the Golden Elixir (the ultimate achievement of internal alchemy) requires maintaining perfect harmony at all times—comparable to precisely controlling thirty thousand critical moments, where the slightest deviation would lead to the dissipation of medicinal ingredients (Jing, Qi, and Shen) and errors in "fire timing" (the rhythm of practice). Thus, even a hair's breadth of mistake can prevent the successful refinement of the Golden Elixir. The key lies in continuous cultivation without depleting true Qi, allowing the primordial Shen (innate consciousness) to grow naturally.

Practice encompasses both internal and external aspects: internally, one must complete thirty thousand moments of cultivation within a year; externally, practice transforms personal destiny. On the grand scale, one must complete thirteen thousand five hundred breath cycles daily, while on the subtle level, true Qi must circulate eighty-four thousand li within the twelve double-hours. This process involves seizing Yang Qi from heaven and earth, absorbing the essence of the sun and moon, circulating true water (kidney Jing) in the lead furnace (lower Dantian), and applying true fire (heart fire) in the mercury cauldron (middle Dantian). The union of lead and mercury is called the "Flower Pool," while mercury entering lead is termed "Divine Water."

Practitioners must observe these principles: neither practicing complete Wuwei (non-action) to the point of negligence nor forcing artificial effort; neither relying solely on imagination nor rigidly fixating on specific body locations; neither sitting in barren stillness nor practicing blindly. Most crucially, one must understand that within the body exists a pivotal cavity called the "Mysterious Feminine" (the primordial cavity of creation). It is not located in concrete organs like the heart or kidneys but serves as the root of Shen and Qi, the abode of emptiness. This cavity requires oral transmission from a master—it cannot be guessed independently.

The Golden Elixir emerges from emptiness, akin to conceiving an infant—one must not cling to literal interpretations. Yet this "emptiness" does not mean absolute nothingness but rather the "true void" containing infinite potential. Finally, Zhang Boduan (the immortal Ziyang) explains that he revealed these teachings at the request of his fellow practitioner Ma Ziran, hoping readers would contemplate their profound meaning carefully.

宋紫陽眞人張伯端著           明西陵一壑居士彭好古註解 眞土擒眞鉛眞鉛制眞汞鉛汞歸眞土身心寂不動  人之初生天一生坎水爲腎腎水沈重象鉛腎生氣氣中一  點眞一之精是爲眞鉛地二生離火爲心心飛揚象汞心生  液液中一點正陽之氣是爲眞汞坎中有戊土離中有巳土  水本陰而陰中有眞陽火本陽而陽中有眞陰是爲眞土陰  交於陽陽交於陰全憑眞土眞鉛卽身中之氣眞汞卽身中  之神眞土卽身心中之意也誠能運吾之眞意使汞嘗迎鉛  鉛嘗制汞鉛汞歸眞土則神氣渾融性情合一而身心寂然  不動矣雖曰不動其實如如之中有了了冥冥之中有昭昭  妄心已除而炤心不昧肉身若死而法身常生非墜頑空而  甘枯槁也 虛無生白雪寂靜發黃芽玉爐火温温鼎上飛紫霞  虛無寂靜下手採藥之功夫白雪黃芽吾身藥生之景象然  以白雪歸虛無以黃芽歸寂靜亦自有辨白雪自虛空而生  黃芽須待火養而生以火能生土也時當姤卦天交於地虛  無則白雪自生時當復卦地交於天寂靜則黃芽自發正如  天地之間陽極而陰則白雪自天而飛陰極而陽則黃芽自  地而長玉爐卽黃庭火卽神以神馭氣火在玉爐之中温温  者行火之候鼎者乾位神之本宮黑變紅爲紫火飛上爲霞  霞與火非二物也玉爐火温温乾宮之神炤入於坤宮之内
Interpretation

This scripture elucidates the core principles of Daoist Neidan (internal alchemy) practice, using the three elements of lead, mercury, and earth as metaphors for the dynamic relationship between Jing (essence), Qi (vital energy), and Shen (spirit) within the human body:

At birth, the kidneys correspond to the Kan trigram (water in the Bagua system), resembling lead in their tranquil, substantial nature; while the heart aligns with the Li trigram (fire), mirroring mercury's volatile, ascending quality. The primordial Qi generated by the kidneys contains "true lead" (innate primordial essence), whereas the fluids produced by the heart hold "true mercury" (innate primordial spirit). Though water and fire appear opposed, water harbors true Yang and fire conceals true Yin—their harmonious interaction pivots on "true earth" (authentic intention).

The crux of cultivation lies in employing this true intention to mediate: the Shen (mercury) actively receives the Jing (lead), while the Jing (lead) naturally restrains the Shen (mercury), ultimately fusing both within true intention (earth). When this state is achieved, the body appears quiescent yet teems with internal vitality, avoiding both stagnant inertia and scattered agitation.

The latter section depicts concrete visionary experiences during practice: "white snow" signifies the pristine primordial Qi that spontaneously arises in empty stillness, while "yellow sprouts" symbolize life energy requiring gentle firing (focused intention) for cultivation. Mirroring cosmic Yin-Yang alternation: when Yang culminates in Yin, snow-like breath descends from the crown; when Yin gives birth to Yang, sprout-like vitality emerges from the Dantian (energy center).

The "jade furnace" denotes the lower Dantian and the "cauldron" refers to the upper Dantian. Practitioners guide Qi with Shen, allowing warm energy to simmer gradually in the lower Dantian until it transforms into violet mist ascending to the upper Dantian. This "purple radiance" symbolizes sublimated energy, marking the initial transmutation of Jing-Qi-Shen. Throughout the process, maintaining a state of attentive non-attachment proves most essential.

 至於鼎上飛紫霞則坤受乾火反飛於坤宮之外矣 華池蓮花開神水金波靜夜深月正明天地一輪鏡  紫陽本序云以鉛見汞名曰華池以汞入鉛名曰神水卽此  而觀華池爲命蔕神水爲性根欲性命渾融始以汞投鉛次  以鉛制汞坎宮眞一之精載正陽之炁而上升離宮正陽之  炁隨眞一之精而下降至時之將子水淸金白而性命神氣  兩相渾合矣故曰天地一輪鏡只在以性合命凝神入氣穴  是也昔人謂煉丹無别法但引神水入華池萬事畢矣正言  此意 硃砂煉陽氣水銀烹金精金精與陽氣硃砂而水銀  硃砂是液中正陽之氣水銀是氣中眞一之精補離宮之陰  液中採取正陽之氣取坎宮之陽氣中採取眞一之精金精  與陽氣以陽火煉之則如硃砂以陰符養之則如水銀非二  物也 日魂玉兔脂月魄金烏髓掇來歸鼎中化作一泓水  太陽木火爲日魂魂藏神而陽中有陰陰卽月魄日非月無  以生其光故曰玉兔脂脂從精也太陰金水爲月魄魄藏精  而陰中有陽陽卽日魂月非日無以成其體故曰〓〓髓髓  從神也猶硃砂是日中之精中感月華而生眞汞水銀是月  中之華中感日精而生眞鉛大修行人上士以神化氣以氣  化精中士以精留氣以氣留神精神渾合調和於寶鼎之中  則甘露自降而化爲一泓水矣
Interpretation

This scripture elucidates the core principle of "lead-mercury fusion" in Daoist Neidan (internal alchemy) practice, using symbolic language to describe the harmonious interplay of Yin-Yang energies:

During cauldron cultivation, when violet clouds (symbolizing pure Yang Qi) rise from the cauldron's summit, it signifies the Kun position (Yin energy) absorbing the Qian position's (Yang fire) power, marking the initial convergence of Yin and Yang.

The allegory of "Hua Chi" (lower Dantian) and "divine water" (kidney Jing):

  • When lead (primordial essence) encounters mercury (primordial spirit), they form the "Hua Chi" (foundation of life)
  • As mercury dissolves into lead, it creates "divine water" (source of innate nature)
  • The crux of practice lies in this vital fusion: first using the spirit to activate the essence, then nourishing the spirit with essence

The dynamic process of Yin-Yang interaction:

  • The authentic unitary Jing from the Kan palace (kidneys) ascends carrying Yang energy
  • The true Yang Qi from the Li palace (heart) descends following the genuine essence
  • At the Zi hour (moment of Yin-Yang transition), like pure water reflecting white gold, nature-life-spirit-Qi achieve complete integration
  • This state is called "heaven-earth as one mirror," its essence being the unification of nature with life-force and the concentration of spirit into the Qi cavity

The symbolism of cinnabar (heart's Yang) and mercury (kidney's Jing):

  • Cinnabar represents the heart's pure Yang Qi
  • Mercury embodies the kidney's authentic unitary essence
  • When refined by Yang fire it manifests as cinnabar; when nourished by Yin symbols it appears as mercury - both being expressions of the same primordial energy

The gathering of solar-lunar essences:

  • Solar soul (Yang within Yin) resembles jade rabbit fat (moon essence), while lunar魄魄 (Yin within Yang) mirrors golden crow marrow (sun essence)
  • Practitioners employ either "spirit transforming into Qi → Qi transforming into essence" or "essence retaining Qi → Qi retaining spirit" methods
  • By harmonizing spirit and essence within the Dantian cauldron, they naturally condense into celestial dew (primordial unified Qi)

This passage reveals that Neidan cultivation fundamentally achieves the primordial state of Yin-Yang equilibrium through the fusion of heart-mind and kidney-essence. All metaphors point to the essential formula of "dual cultivation of nature and life" (Xingming Shuangxiu).

藥物生玄竅火候發陽爐龍虎交會時寶鼎產玄珠  玄竅卽玄牝玄陽而牝陰總謂之玄竅人身下爲爐乃神之  所棲火發於此故曰陽爐爐上則鼎也靜極而動藥物自生  時當採取得藥之後苟無火候以烹煉之其藥復散玄珠何  從而產哉是必撥轉頂門關捩子奪取驪龍頷下珠藥卽是  火火卽是藥藥火合一則龍虎交會而懸胎寶鼎自產黍米  之玄珠矣然必玄竅生藥方可陽爐發火若機未至而先助  長則外火雖行内符不應適以自焚其軀耳大抵神氣和融  則玄竅自見玄竅旣見則火候自知火候旣知則龍虎自倂  龍虎旣倂則玄珠自成其妙在動靜之間不差毫髮可也 此竅非凡竅乾坤共合成名爲神氣穴内有坎離精  此竅卽上玄竅以其不屬有無不落方體超乎身心之外出  乎恍惚之間故曰非凡竅人身上乾而下坤乾之中爻索坤  而成坎坎寄坤位而氣居之坤之中爻索乾而成離離寄乾  位而神居之神者心中之汞也氣者身中之鉛也心爲神室  身爲氣府故曰名爲神氣穴身中有一點眞陽之氣氣屬離  心中有一點眞陰之精精屬坎故曰内有坎離精 木汞一點紅金鉛四斤黑鉛汞結成珠耿耿紫金色  心中一點眞陰之精名曰木汞木數三内涵眞陽之氣爲一  故曰一點木能生火火色紅故曰一點紅身中一點眞陽之
Interpretation

This passage expounds the essential principles of Daoist Neidan (internal alchemy) practice:

First, let's clarify several core concepts: The "mysterious aperture" (xuanqiao) refers to the pivotal junction where Yin and Yang converge within the human body—"xuan" representing Yang and "pin" representing Yin. Located in the lower Dantian (energy center), this area is called the "Yang furnace," where spiritual energies gather. Above the furnace sits the "cauldron." When practitioners reach a state of profound stillness, the genuine Qi (vital energy, referred to as "medicine") spontaneously arises within.

The crux of cultivation lies in mastering the "firing time" (huohou): After gathering the genuine Qi, one must refine it with precisely controlled energy—too much or too little will cause the Qi to dissipate. The metaphor "turning the pivot at the crown gate to seize the pearl beneath the dragon's chin" illustrates the need for perfect timing. When the genuine Qi ("medicine") harmonizes perfectly with the firing process, the body's Yin and Yang (symbolized as dragon and tiger) unite, condensing within the Dantian ("precious cauldron") to form the invaluable "mysterious pearl" (the internal elixir).

The scripture particularly emphasizes natural progression: One must wait until the mysterious aperture spontaneously generates genuine Qi before activating the Yang furnace's refining process. Forcing cultivation prematurely is like applying external heat—it harms rather than helps. Only when spirit (Shen) and Qi harmoniously merge does the mysterious aperture naturally manifest, the firing process become intuitively known, Yin-Yang spontaneously unite, and the mysterious pearl form effortlessly.

The passage further explains the unique nature of this aperture: It isn't an ordinary physical location but a "spirit-Qi cavity" jointly formed by heaven's Yang (Qian) and earth's Yin (Kun). The upper body belongs to Qian (heaven), the lower to Kun (earth). The heart houses spirit (associated with Li fire), while the kidneys store Qi (associated with Kan water). Though the heart belongs to fire, it contains true Yin (represented as "wood mercury," appearing red); though the kidneys belong to water, they contain true Yang (represented as "metal lead," appearing black). When these two perfectly combine, they form the purple-golden internal elixir.

Essentially, this scripture uses symbolic language to describe the transformation process of Jing (essence), Qi, and Shen during Neidan practice, emphasizing adherence to natural rhythms and maintaining Yin-Yang equilibrium.

 炁名曰金鉛金數四故曰四斤鉛色黑金水同宮故曰四斤  黑初以紅入黑次煉黑入紅紅黑相投結成黍米之珠於寶  鼎而耿耿如紫色矣紅與黑相間其色紫故曰紫金色然鉛  汞非有定物紅黑非有定色一點四斤亦非有定數也得意  者當自知之 家園景物麗風雨正春深耕鋤不費力大地皆黃金  家園者身中之眞土也景物者身中藥物景象也一陽來復  之際鼓巽風以吹坤土引神水以潤華池及至三陽交泰之  時不費採取之力但勿忘勿助而大地黃芽自土中而迸出  矣謂之金者言其結成金丹也 眞鉛生於坎其用在離宮以黑而變紅一鼎雲氣濃  腎生氣氣中眞一之水爲眞鉛眞一之水卽離中正陽之氣  見液相合氣中收取眞一之水非液中採取正陽之氣使母  子相逢兩相顧戀則金隱於水無由上升蓋以神馭氣千古  傳心之要訣也故曰其用在離宮體在坎而用在離也鉛〓  以火而出水則以黑變紅藥卽是火但見自三關路頭以抵  九重天上油然而興霏然而升翕然而蒸藹然而凝而其氣  如雲之濃上升鼎内矣 眞汞產於離其用卻在坎姹女過南園手持玉橄欖  汞雖產自離宮然非得北方之正炁以制伏之則常欲去人  不得凝聚故曰其用卻在坎姹女者汞也南園者離也離中  之汞一見坎中之鉛則鉛汞相投將舍離宮而同降坎位故
Interpretation

This scripture expounds the "lead-mercury" theory in Daoist Neidan (internal alchemy) practice, using metaphorical language to describe the alchemical process:

1. Regarding the "four pounds of black lead":

Lead symbolizes the Jing-essence (vital essence) stored in the kidneys (associated with the Water phase of Kan). Its golden color represents the pure Yang state achieved through cultivation. The text states that lead is originally black (belonging to Water), but through fiery refinement turns red (associated with Fire), eventually manifesting as violet-gold. The "four pounds" here isn't literal weight but symbolizes the generative cycle between Metal (lungs) and Water (kidneys).

2. The garden metaphor:

The human body is compared to cultivated land. During spring plowing (when Yang energy first emerges), one must:

  • Stimulate breathing (Xun-wind)
  • Moisturize the mouth (Huachi - "flower pool")

When the "three Yang energies harmonize" (indicating sufficient vital essence), the Golden Elixir (yellow sprout) will grow spontaneously from within, just as crops ripen naturally—no forced gathering is needed.

3. The dynamic interaction of true lead and true mercury:

  • True lead (kidney essence) originates in the kidneys (Kan) but requires heart-fire (Li) for refinement
  • True mercury (heart-mind) originates in the heart (Li) yet needs kidney-water (Kan) for stabilization

Like a maiden (Chanü) holding an olive (symbolizing harmony), when the heart-mind (mercury) encounters kidney-essence (lead), they unite and descend from the heart to the kidneys.

Note: The "three passes" refer to key cultivation points—Weilü, Jiaji, and Yuzhen (coccyx, spine, and jade pillow). "Nine-layered heavens" metaphorically represents the crown of the head. The entire process emphasizes natural circulation without force, using mental focus to guide Qi through transformative cycles within the body.

 曰過南園一過南園而汞成白雪矣玉者象其色之白也橄  欖者象其不方不圓也 震兌非東西坎離不南北斗柄運周天要人會攢簇  震東兌西離南坎北八卦之方位天道運行無時休息而斗  柄轉移逐月各指一方陰陽寒暑不愆其期人身一天地也  自玄谷上泥丸復下重樓以歸北海謂之周天其斡旋之機  亦由乎斗柄一年十二月一月三十日共三百六十日一日  一百刻一年計三萬六千刻一日之功可奪三萬六千刻之  氣言修丹之士運周天火候於一日之内以一日易一年以  十二時易十二月攢年於日簇月於時惟隨斗柄以爲運轉  而東西南北不必言矣斗柄一差則時令乖忒愼之愼之 火候不用時冬至不在子及其沐浴法卯酉時虛比  火之爲物太大則炎太小則冷要在調和得中故火必曰候  一時有六候候者吾身之節候何時之有吾身靜極而動在  月卽爲冬至在日卽爲子時迎此機而與之俱動則火候在  此矣大端一陽升爲子一陰降爲午陽升陰降爲卯陰升陽  降爲酉所謂不刻時中分子午非必以冬至爲子夏至爲午  兔鷄之月爲卯酉也如外丹進火爲子抽火爲午不增火不  減火爲沐浴不拘子午亦不拘卯酉之時 烏肝與兔髓擒來共一處一粒復一粒從微而至著  人稟天地眞元之炁三百八十四銖其重一斤八兩日之精
Interpretation

This scripture explains the practice of "celestial cycle fire timing" (Zhou Tian Huohou) in Daoist internal alchemy (Neidan), along with the principles of Yin-Yang ascent and descent.

It begins with an alchemical metaphor from the southern garden: When mercury is refined, it transforms into snow-white purity resembling jade. Its olive-like shape—neither square nor round—symbolizes the harmonious state of Yin-Yang balance.

The text then describes the eight trigrams (Bagua) orientations: Zhen (thunder) in the east, Dui (lake) in the west, Li (fire) in the south, and Kan (water) in the north. The rotation of the Big Dipper's handle through the seasons, pointing to different directions, mirrors the ceaseless movement of celestial patterns. The human body is a microcosm of heaven and earth—vital energy (Qi) rises from the perineum (mysterious feminine gate, Xuanpin) to the crown (muddy pellet palace, Niwan), then descends through the throat (multi-storied tower, Chonglou) to return to the lower Dantian (northern sea, Beihai). This is called the "celestial cycle circulation" (Zhou Tian Xunhuan), operating with the same regularity as the Big Dipper's movement.

The crux of cultivation lies in mastering "fire timing" (Huohou): A year's 360 days contain 36,000 ke (ancient time units). Practitioners must complete a year's equivalent celestial cycle within a single day—using one day to represent a year, and twelve two-hour periods (Shichen) to symbolize twelve months. Strict adherence to the Dipper's rhythm is essential; the slightest deviation leads to error.

Regarding fire control: Excessive heat scorches, while insufficient warmth proves ineffective—precision is paramount. The body follows innate rhythms; when stillness culminates in movement, this is the optimal moment for practice (midnight hour, Zi Shi). One need not rigidly observe external solar terms like winter solstice. The key is recognizing internal Yin-Yang transitions:

  • Yang Qi ascent marks Zi Shi (11 PM–1 AM)
  • Yin Qi descent occurs at Wu Shi (11 AM–1 PM)
  • Yin-Yang equilibrium manifests at Mao (5–7 AM) and You (5–7 PM)

Finally, the alchemical result: Fusing "raven's liver" (lead, symbolizing original essence, Yuanjing) with "hare's marrow" (mercury, representing original spirit, Yuanshen) through gradual accumulation (grain by grain) transforms subtlety into tangible form, ultimately forging the Golden Elixir (Jindan). The human body's innate Qi endowment totals 384 zhu (ancient weight units), equivalent to one jin and eight liang—this constitutes the foundation of cultivation.

The core teaching emphasizes aligning with natural rhythms, seizing the body's Yin-Yang transitions, and accumulating energy through celestial circulation.

 故曰鳥肝卽木液也八兩月之精故曰兔髓卽金精也金木  間隔假戊己爲媒娉用火煅煉日生一粒如黍米大重一銖  八釐自微至著積銖而成兩三十日重三十八銖四絲三百  日重三百八十四銖方圓一寸而重一斤矣 渾沌包虛空虛空括三界及尋其根源一粒如黍大  有世界則有三才有三才則有虛空有虛空則有渾沌未有  天地之先渾渾沌沌渾沌包虛空虛空括三界及尋吾身受  氣之初不過一粒大如黍米此人生之根源而修丹者之所  當知也故曰有人要覓長生訣只去搜尋造化根 天地交眞液日月含眞精會得坎離基三界歸一身  心液下降腎氣上升液與氣總名曰液天地交眞液也魂爲  鳥精魄爲兔髓精與髓總名曰精日月含眞精也坎屬陰坎  中藏戊戊爲陽土是陽者坎之基也離屬陽離中藏已已爲  陰土是陰者離之基也會得坎中戊土基始於陽離中已土  基始於陰則身中天地身中日月皆由眞土爲之運用而三  界歸於一身矣 龍從東海來虎向西山起兩獸戰一場化作天地髓  心中正陽之氣爲龍木能生火震屬木故龍從東方來腎中  眞一之精爲虎金能生水兌屬金故虎向西山起若使龍吟  雲起而下降虎嘯風生而上升二獸相逢交戰於黃屋之前  則龍吞虎髓虎啖龍精風雲慶會混合爲一而化爲天地之  髓矣
Interpretation

This scripture elucidates the principles and process of Daoist Neidan (internal alchemy) cultivation:

The foundational materials for alchemical refinement are poetically termed "bird's liver" (symbolizing Wood-phase Jingqi) and "rabbit's marrow" (representing Metal-phase Jingqi), denoting the two essential elements required for practice. Through the mediating function of Earth-phase energy (symbolized by the Wuji soil), these substances undergo gradual refinement by controlled fire regulation. Each day yields a grain-sized portion of the elixir, accumulating progressively through sustained practice.

The cosmogonic framework describes primordial chaos containing the void, which in turn encompasses the Three Realms (desire, form, and formless realms). Tracing to the origin reveals the fundamental life-giving energy no larger than a grain of rice—the very root of existence and spiritual cultivation. As the scripture states: "Those seeking longevity's secret must investigate creation's primordial source."

The alchemical process involves the sacred union of Yin-Yang energies: the descending heart-fire (Yang) merges with ascending kidney-water (Yin), termed "Heaven-Earth's true liquid." The Wood-phase Hun (ethereal soul) combines with Metal-phase Po (corporeal soul), called "Sun-Moon's essential essence." Within the Water trigram (Kan) lies Yang-earth, while the Fire trigram (Li) contains Yin-earth—understanding this principle enables the practitioner to internalize the Three Realms' energies.

The dragon-tiger congress represents the pivotal alchemical event: the dragon (heart's Yangqi) approaches from the East while the tiger (kidney's Jingqi) arises from the West. Their confrontational merging resembles battling beasts ultimately coalescing into "Heaven-Earth marrow"—a refined energetic substance. This process symbolizes the sublimation and harmonization of the body's opposing Yin-Yang energies.

The essence of cultivation lies in balancing these internal forces. Through specific alchemical methods, scattered energies concentrate and transmute, ultimately achieving resonance with the Dao's primordial source.

金花開汞葉玉蔕長鉛枝坎離不曾閑乾坤經幾時  金花本眞鉛借汞成胎玉蔕本眞汞借鉛成形人身汞爲神  鉛爲精金花開汞葉者恍恍惚惚水中生神也玉蔕長鉛枝  者杳杳冥冥火中生精也得訣者坐至金花顯露玉蔕滋萌  則鉛汞之枝葉已茂此時正宜採藥進火使坎離運行於東  西乾坤周迴於上下一往一復一升一降如環無端不可有  頃刻之停葢未得藥時須要認汞葉之開與鉛枝之長旣得  藥後又要知往復之妙升降之宜方爲始終兼盡而聖胎圓  成矣苟乾坤坎離不循環於十月之中則鼎器藥物暫得竟  失金花鳥保其不謝玉蔕鳥保其不凋矣 沐浴防危險抽添自謹持都來三萬刻差失恐毫釐  一年十二月共計三萬六千刻以此三萬六千刻攢簇一日  之内十二月之中十月行火候陽生則採藥於子宮而使之  逆升謂之抽鉛陰生則退火於午位而使之順降謂之添汞  其餘兩月卯月益水安金酉月行火止水只行水候不行火  候謂之沐浴以卯月生中有殺酉月殺中有生防火之太燥  而有危險也除兩月六千刻止十月三萬刻故曰都來三萬  刻三萬刻工夫毫釐有差則陰陽差互惟旣防危險又知謹  持專心致志於一圈之中與動俱出與靜俱沒期可以養成  嬰兒而爲超脫之仙矣 夫婦交會時洞房雲雨作一載生箇兒箇箇會騎鶴
Interpretation

The Four Hundred Words on the Golden Elixir describes the crucial process of "lead-mercury transformation" in Neidan (internal alchemy) practice:

Golden blossoms (true lead, representing prenatal Qi) bloom upon mercury leaves (original spirit), while jade stems (true mercury, representing the original spirit) grow from lead branches (original essence). Within the human body, mercury symbolizes conscious awareness (Shen), and lead symbolizes vital essence (Jing). Practitioners must enter a state of profound tranquility where spirit emerges from water (mercury) and essence arises from fire (lead). When golden blossoms manifest and jade stems sprout, it signals the fullness of Jing, Qi, and Shen energies—the optimal moment for "gathering the medicinal ingredients" (harnessing internal energies) to circulate the Kan (water) and Li (fire) energies within the body.

The entire alchemical cycle mirrors the twelve months of a year condensed into a single day. For ten "months," practitioners regulate the "fire timing": during the ascent of Yang energy (at the midnight hour), gathering the medicinal ingredients is called "extracting lead"; during the stirring of Yin energy (at the noon hour), reducing the fire and descending is called "adding mercury." The remaining two months (corresponding to dawn and dusk) enter the "bathing" phase—adjusting only the water timing without intensifying the fire—to prevent imbalances from excessive practice. These 100,000 ke (an ancient time unit) of cultivation demand precise control, as even minor errors disrupt the Yin-Yang equilibrium.

The text concludes with a conjugal metaphor: when Kan and Li energies perfectly merge (like nuptial union), after completing the full alchemical cycle (one year), the "sacred embryo" (Neidan) is conceived, culminating in a body of pure Yang (the immortal astride a crane). The entire process emphasizes the dynamic interplay of movement and stillness, the harmonious balance of water and fire, requiring unwavering focus from the practitioner.

 夫婦者身中眞陰眞陽也眞陰眞陽得眞土爲媒娉結爲夫  婦洞房交接雲騰雨施一年之内十月懷胎兩月沐浴胎完  氣足產箇嬰兒便跨鶴自泥丸宮出矣九載生九箇故曰箇  箇千百億化身無非一身非眞有九箇也嬰兒爲孩亥子交  會合爲孩字此結胎下手之要也   石橋歌(附) 吾家本住石橋北山鎭水關森古木橋下澗水徹崑崙山下有 泉香馥郁吾歸山内實堪誇徧地均栽不謝花山北穴中藏猛 虎出窟哮吼生風霞山南潭底隱蛟龍騰雲降雨山濛濛二獸 相逢鬬一場玄珠隱伏是禎祥景堪羨吾暗喜自斟自酌醺醺 醉醉彈一曲無弦琴琴裏聲聲教仔細可煞醉後沒人知昏昏 默默恰如癡仰觀造化功夫妙日還西出月東歸天是地地是 天反覆陰陽合自然識得五行顚倒處指日升霞歸洞天黃金 屋白玉椽玉女金童日侍前南辰北斗分明布森羅萬象現無 邊無晝夜要綿綿聚散周天火候全若問金丹端的處尋師指 破水中鉛木生火金生水水火須分前後隊要辦浮沈識主賓 鉛銀砂汞方交會有剛柔莫逸意知足常足歸本位萬神齊和 太平年恁時國富民歡喜此箇事好推理同道之人知此義後 來一輩學修眞只說存養幷行氣在眼前甚容易得服之人妙 難比先且去病更延年用火烹煎變陽體學道人去思已休問
Interpretation

The Four Hundred Words on the Golden Elixir describes the process of Yin-Yang union and embryonic formation in Neidan (internal alchemy) practice:

Within the human body, true Yin (kidney water) and true Yang (heart fire) interact like husband and wife, requiring true Earth (spleen intention) as their mediating agent. When Yin and Yang unite in the Dantian (energy center, metaphorically called the "bridal chamber"), their interaction resembles clouds merging with rain. After ten lunar months of "gestation" (a symbolic cultivation cycle) and two months of "bathing" (a nurturing phase), an "infant" (the Golden Elixir) takes form at the Niwan Palace (crown point). The text's mention of nine infants isn't literal but signifies the elixir's infinite transformative potential. The crucial factor lies in seizing the "Hai-Zi hour" (the transitional moment between Yin and Yang), just as the Chinese character for "child" (孩) combines the radicals for "Hai" and "Zi," symbolizing perfect Yin-Yang harmony.

The Stone Bridge Song employs allegorical imagery for cultivation phenomena:

My dwelling lies north of the stone bridge, embraced by ancient forests and mountain streams. Below the bridge, the ravine leads straight to Mount Kunlun (symbolizing the spinal column), where sweet springs (representing oral fluids) emerge at its base. Within these mountains lurk a fierce tiger (symbolizing kidney Qi) and a flood dragon (embodying heart's true liquid); their combat (signifying Kan-Li interaction) generates the Mysterious Pearl (inner elixir). Enraptured by observing Heaven-Earth's Yin-Yang transformations (internal landscapes), I've realized immortality comes through inverting the Five Phases (counter-cultivation methods). The golden house (Yellow Court) with jade rafters (bones), attended by jade maidens and golden boys (Yin-Yang energies), mirrors celestial revolutions within our bodily Qi cycles. Mastering fire times (cultivation timing) proves essential—the elixir's secret lies in extracting lead from water (kidney's true Yang). Understanding hardness-softness equilibrium and contentment in centeredness brings body-mind harmony. Most practitioners today merely regulate breath to nurture Qi, yet authentic Neidan transforms bone marrow—first eliminating disease to prolong life, ultimately transfiguring one's constitution. True seekers should introspect rather than seek external solutions.

(Note: Through spousal, infantile, and landscape metaphors involving tigers and dragons, the text elucidates Jing-Qi-Shen transformation in Neidan, emphasizing Yin-Yang harmonization and water-fire alchemical equilibrium.)

旁門小法制只知目下哄得人不覺自身暗憔悴勸後學須猛 縶莫徒抛家住他地妙道不離自家身豈在千山并萬水莫因 循自貪鄙火急尋師覓玄指在生若不學修行未知來生甚胎 裏旣有心要終始人生大事惟生死皇天若負道心人令我三 塗爲
Interpretation

Those misguided cultivation methods of heterodox paths only delude people temporarily, making them unaware that they are secretly depleting their Jing (essence), Qi (vital energy), and Shen (spirit). I must warn future seekers of the Dao: awaken immediately!

The true essence of cultivation is actually simple: don’t foolishly abandon your family and wander afar—the profound Dao is within your own body, so why search for it over countless mountains and rivers? Never let laziness or petty gains delay your practice; hasten to find an enlightened master who can reveal the hidden mysteries.

If one fails to cultivate earnestly in this life, who can say what realm they’ll be reborn into next? Once you’ve resolved to walk the path of Dao, persevere to the end. Understand this: nothing in life is more crucial than the cycle of birth and death. Should Heaven betray a sincere seeker of Dao, may I forever fall into the Three Wretched Paths (hell, hungry ghosts, and animal realms) to suffer!

(This scripture passage emphasizes: 1. Critiquing shortcut cultivation methods obsessed with quick results 2. Stressing that practice must be grounded in the present and sought within oneself 3. Highlighting the importance of finding a true master 4. Warning of the urgency of transcending samsara.)

下鬼

Source text: Kanripo 漢籍リポジトリ(KR5i0058); Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 · Report an error / feedback