《靈寶文檢》Vol. 35

A Plain-Language Reading of an Excerpt from the Lingbao Textual Register

Jade Clarity True Talisman for Water Refinement

This is the Jade Clarity True Talisman for Water Refinement, a talismanic command that uses pure water from the Jade Clarity realm to refine and realize true nature.

“By this talisman, an order is issued below”: according to the liturgy, the talisman must be formally issued and dispatched downward.

The order is directed to the Chief Water General and the Water Pool Envoys, officials responsible for the waters used in rites of refinement and deliverance. They are commanded to perform refinement and deliverance for the souls and yin souls of the deceased, including the named individuals. Through methods involving water, fire, and other ritual means, they refine and liberate the deceased, enabling them to shed their earthly condition and ascend to the realm of the immortals.

The text further says: Ren water, the water Qi symbolized by the celestial stem Ren, pours down from the sun to refine souls and deliver spirits. The Great Dao spreads its transformative power; Heaven and Earth unite; water Qi transforms and rises to Heaven, while the souls are delivered to the Western Yin realm, a direction or domain associated with the yin realm and western yin Qi. “May it be done in all respects”: everything is to proceed according to the liturgy, without deviation.

The command is issued in the style of an imperial proclamation: “By the command of Heaven, on such-and-such a year, month, and day, this order is issued below.”

The ritual official responsible for carrying out the liturgy, named as such-and-such, receives the command and performs it according to the prescribed rites.

The Celestial Worthy of Yellow Flower Who Dissolves Forms and the Celestial Worthy of Great Unity, Compassionate Father of the Eastern Palace, Who Hears Cries and Saves from Suffering, both serve as witnesses and confirm the rite.

Jade Clarity Talismans for Refinement and Deliverance through the Bright Cavern and Cinnabar Yang; True Talismans for the Primordial Origin, the Twelve Qi, and the Three Radiances

The following are the Jade Clarity Talismans for Refinement and Deliverance through the Bright Cavern and Cinnabar Yang, and the True Talismans for the Primordial Origin, the Twelve Qi, and the Three Radiances, which invoke the primordial Qi, the twelve Qi, and the divine powers of the Three Radiances.

“Write the surname and secret name of the corresponding general beneath each of the twelve talismans”: each talisman is marked below with the surname and secret name by which its corresponding general is identified and invoked.

“When the efficacy of the twelve official generals has been established through visualization, burn the talismans in a water vessel according to the prescribed procedure.”

The twelve Qi generals correspond to the generation of the following organs. This sequence is commonly found in Daoist Canon rites of refinement and deliverance and in the assignment of bodily spirits to Qi:

The phrase “talisman for the generation of an organ” means that the Qi and its general are associated with the corresponding organ and its bodily spirit, bringing forth and refining them.

Hidden Text of the Fire Court; Jade Clarity True Talisman for Fire Refinement

“Hidden Text of the Fire Court” refers to a secret or coded scripture belonging to the Fire Court tradition.

The Jade Clarity True Talisman for Fire Refinement is a talisman for refining true nature by fire in the Jade Clarity realm.

“By this talisman, an order is issued below”: this talisman, too, is to be formally issued downward.

The Chief Fire General and the Fire-Light Envoys, officials who command fire and its radiance, are ordered to perform refinement and deliverance for the souls of the deceased, including the named individuals. They refine souls through the primordial origin; golden essence shines clear; the Four Symbols, associated with the four directions or the four seasons, each take their proper place. The fire Qi of Bing and Ding refines the spirit, while sunlight protects all. The rite broadly delivers departed souls, spreads the transformative power of the Three Radiances—usually understood as the desire, form, and formless realms, or as three radiances of the body—and brings them into union with the Dao and true reality.

“May it be done in all respects.”

The command is issued: “By the command of Heaven, on such-and-such a year, month, and day, this order is issued below.”

The ritual official responsible for carrying out the liturgy, named as such-and-such, receives the command and performs it according to the prescribed rites.

The earlier example of the Celestial Worthy of Great Unity, Who Hears Cries and Saves from Suffering, and other deities serving as witnesses applies here as well. In the source, the fire-refinement section follows the water and fire rites as a unified whole; in ritual practice, water and fire are often invoked together, with the various Heavens bearing witness.

Note: The placeholder “such-and-such” is where the name of the deceased is entered in the liturgy. The two forms “lian” and “lian” are used interchangeably in this kind of text, both referring to the method of refining and delivering the souls of the deceased. The text as a whole presents the format for issuing talismanic commands in Lingbao water and fire rites of refinement and deliverance, the correspondence between the twelve Qi and the organs, and the fire-refinement command. The complete rite requires a ritual master to perform the liturgy and carry out procedures such as burning the talismans in a water vessel.

A Vernacular Interpretation of the Lingbao Document

By the mandate of Heaven’s cycles, issued on the _ day of the _ month, in the year ___

According to the cyclical reckoning of Heaven’s years, an official proclamation is issued on a certain day of a certain month in a certain year. This is the document format used in Daoist ritual to report to the celestial court and convey its decrees.

The officiant charged with carrying out the ritual proceedings (your servant) receives the proclamation and carries it out

The person charged with conducting the ritual proceedings receives the decree and implements it according to the proper rules.

Heavenly Worthy of Red Mound, Who Delivers Souls and Extends Their Lives

The Heavenly Worthy of Red Mound, Who Delivers Souls and Extends Their Lives, is a Daoist deity who delivers people from hardship and prolongs their allotted years.

The Compassionate Father of the Eastern Palace, the Great One Heavenly Worthy Who Responds to Cries and Rescues from Suffering — witness and guarantor

The Compassionate Father of the Eastern Palace, the Great One Heavenly Worthy Who Responds to Cries and Rescues from Suffering (the Great One Heavenly Worthy Who Rescues from Suffering: a compassionate deity who answers calls for help and delivers wandering souls) is present to witness and oversee the pledge.

True Talisman of the Fire Bell of Jade Clarity

The True Talisman of the Fire Bell of Jade Clarity (Jade Clarity is one of the Three Pure Ones’ realms; the Fire Bell is a talisman for warding off evil, refining and transforming, and opening the underworld).

The talisman above is hereby issued

The talismanic decree shown above is hereby issued for implementation.

By the decree of the Celestial Worthy of Primordial Beginning: manifest forms, extend throughout the ten directions, and deliver all beings. In the boundless spirit realm, gather merit, turn the dark Yin toward Yang, and raise the consciousness of souls.

In accordance with the decree of the Celestial Worthy of Primordial Beginning: manifest forms and appear throughout the ten directions to deliver all beings. In the boundless spirit realm—a domain established in Daoist tradition for delivering wandering souls—gather merit so that the dark Yin turns toward Yang and the souls’ consciousness may ascend.

Burn away the veils of fire and fell the sword trees; open the light in the dark night. End the ordeals of the Three Paths and dispel the calamities of the Five Sufferings.

Burn away the veils of fire and break down the sword trees, images of hell; open a way to light in the dark night. Bring the suffering of the Three Paths to an end and dispel the calamities of the Five Sufferings.

All shall be carried out as the proclamation commands

Everything shall be carried out precisely as the proclamation directs.

(The formula “By the mandate of Heaven’s cycles, issued on the _ day of the _ month, in the year ___” and “The officiant charged with carrying out the ritual proceedings receives the proclamation and carries it out” is repeated below with the same meaning.)

Heavenly Worthy of the Fire-Refined Realm of the Elixir

The Heavenly Worthy of the Fire-Refined Realm of the Elixir presides over refining the body through the method of fire and ascending to the realm of the Elixir.

The Compassionate Father of the Eastern Palace, the Great One Heavenly Worthy Who Responds to Cries and Rescues from Suffering — witness and guarantor

As above, the Great One Heavenly Worthy Who Rescues from Suffering witnesses and oversees the pledge.

Lingbao Precious Talismans of the Nine Heavens that Generate the Spirits

The Lingbao school’s series of precious talismans known as the “Nine Heavens that Generate the Spirits.” They correspond to the vital origins associated with the womb, fetus, souls, and internal organs, and symbolize nine levels of life force.

1. First Vital Origin of the Womb: Precious Talisman of Heavenly True Qi that Connects to the Origin

Also called the Precious Talisman of Natural Spirit Flight through Eight Rebirths.

Corresponding to the first vital origin, the womb, it channels Heavenly True Qi through the primordial beginning. It is also called the talisman of natural spirit flight through eight rebirths.

2. Second Vital Origin of the Fetus: Precious Talisman of Heavenly True Qi that Connects to Life

Also called the Numinous Talisman of Jade Truth, Empty Birth, and Formed Unity.

Corresponding to the second vital origin, the fetus, it channels Heavenly True Qi into the arising of life. It is also called the numinous talisman of Jade Truth, empty birth, and formed unity.

3. Third Vital Origin of the Soul: Precious Talisman of Heavenly True Qi that Connects to Yang

Also called the Talisman of the Three Qi, Dragon Jade, Empty Transformation, and Natural Generation.

Corresponding to the third vital origin, the soul, it channels Heavenly True Qi into Yang. It is also called the talisman of the Three Qi, Dragon Jade, empty transformation, and natural generation.

4. Fourth Vital Origin of the Po Soul: Precious Talisman of Heavenly True Qi that Connects to Yin

Also called the Talisman of the True Dao, Empty Mystery, Nine Subtleties, and Pure Radiance.

Corresponding to the fourth vital origin, the Po soul, it channels Heavenly True Qi into Yin. It is also called the talisman of the True Dao, empty mystery, nine subtleties, and pure radiance.

5. Fifth Vital Origin of the Internal Organs: Precious Talisman of Heavenly True Qi that Connects to Spirit

Also called the Talisman of the Nine Empty Realms, Mysterious Life, Flying Spirit, and Original Essence.

Corresponding to the fifth vital origin, the internal organs, it channels Heavenly True Qi into spirit. It is also called the talisman of the nine empty realms, mysterious life, flying spirit, and original essence.

6. Sixth Vital Origin of the Numinous Abode: Precious Talisman of Heavenly True Qi that Connects to Immortality

Also called the Talisman of the Jade Treasure, Hidden Subtleties, Left Qi, Ordering Life, and Preserving Truth.

Corresponding to the sixth vital origin, the numinous abode, it channels Heavenly True Qi into immortality. It is also called the talisman of the Jade Treasure, hidden subtleties, left Qi, ordering life, and preserving truth.

7. Seventh Vital Origin of the Original Abode: Precious Talisman of Heavenly True Qi that Connects to the Numinous

Also called the Talisman of Empty Clarity, the Left Covenant, Spirit Transformation, and Communion with Spirit.

Corresponding to the seventh vital origin, the original abode, it channels Heavenly True Qi into the numinous. It is also called the talisman of empty clarity, the left covenant, spirit transformation, and communion with spirit.

8. Eighth Vital Origin of the Flowering Abode: Numinous Talisman of Heavenly True Qi that Connects to the True

Also called the Talisman of the Mysterious Void, Upper Origin, Three Qi, and Natural Generation through Transformation.

Corresponding to the eighth vital origin, the flowering abode, it channels Heavenly True Qi into the True. It is also called the talisman of the mysterious void, upper origin, Three Qi, and natural generation through transformation.

9. Ninth Vital Origin of the Mountain Abode: Precious Talisman of Heavenly True Qi for Long Life and Communion with the Mystery

Also called the Talisman of the Nine Qi that Generate the Body, the Three Radiances, Pure Subtlety, and Flying Life.

Corresponding to the ninth vital origin, the mountain abode, it channels Heavenly True Qi into long life and the mysterious Dao. It is also called the talisman of the nine Qi that generate the body, the Three Radiances, pure subtlety, and flying life.

True Talisman of Jade Clarity for Refining the Form with Golden Liquid

The True Talisman of Jade Clarity for Refining the Form with Golden Liquid symbolizes refining and transforming the body’s substance with golden liquid to achieve ascension.

The talismans above are hereby issued

All the talismans listed above are hereby issued.

By the talismanic decree of Primordial Beginning, at the appointed hour and moment, may ascent be granted from the Cold Pool of the Northern Capital

In accordance with the talismanic decree of Primordial Beginning, the rite of ascent is to be performed at the appointed hour and moment. May the Cold Pool of the Northern Capital—a freezing pool in the Daoist underworld, symbolizing a place where wandering souls are detained—also be opened for deliverance.

Note: Much of the original consists of ritual proclamations, talisman names, and divine titles placed side by side. These are used in rites such as purification ceremonies, refinement and deliverance, and universal salvation, during stages that involve addressing Heaven, issuing talismans, summoning spirits, and granting ascent. The pairing of each “vital origin” with one of the nine talismans gives ritual form to the Lingbao tradition’s teaching of the “Nine Heavens that Generate the Spirits”; it is not a simple correspondence in the anatomical sense.

An Accessible Interpretation of the Lingbao Wenjian

Guarding the Body and Soul, Subduing Demons and Securing Ascent, Guiding the Dead to the Southern Palace

Guarding the body and soul means protecting a person’s physical body and soul. Subduing demons and securing ascent means overcoming evil spirits and aiding the soul’s ascent and deliverance. Guiding the dead to the Southern Palace means leading the deceased to the “Southern Palace” according to their rank—a place in the southern immortal realm where they undergo refinement and are raised to a higher status.

The souls of the dead undergo refinement and become fit for immortality: the deceased’s soul is transformed through refinement in the underworld, changing from a ghostly state into a form capable of attaining the immortal Way.

As is customary, the text ends with: “In accordance with the heavenly mandate, issued on the year, month, and day of Heaven’s choosing.” This indicates that the decree is an official order issued by Heaven on a specified date. “The officiant of the ritual service receives the mandate and carries it out” means that the Daoist priest presiding over the liturgy accepts the order and performs it. “The Compassionate Father of the Eastern Palace, the Great High One, the Heavenly Worthy Who Answers Cries and Saves from Suffering, bears witness” means that the Heavenly Worthy Who Answers Cries and Saves from Suffering (Ta yi) is present as witness and guarantees the efficacy of the rite.

The True Talisman of the Jade Clarity, Uniting the Hundred Spirits

The following talisman is issued from above: the talisman is bestowed from the celestial realm and makes the following declaration.

The names of the spirits mentioned in the talisman convey the general sense that thousands and myriads unite, and thus naturally become perfected. Within the perfected are spirits: the Great Lord of Long Life, Lord Wuying, and Venerable Spirit Baiyuan. There are also Taiyi, Director of Destiny, Taokang, and Heyan, among others. They hold talismans and registers, preserving life and nurturing its roots—protecting life and strengthening its foundation.

Above, the talisman connects with Shangqing (one of the Three Pure Ones realms) and moves in and out of the Flowery Chamber (the storehouse of divine energy within the brain and body). Below, it settles within the body at Niwan (between the eyebrows) and the Crimson Palace (the heart), regulating the Five Qi (the energies of the five internal organs) and uniting the hundred spirits.

After ten turns, the spirit returns; the myriad Qi attain immortality together: through repeated transformations, the soul returns to Yang; as the myriad kinds of true Qi are cultivated together, they move toward the immortal Way.

The text likewise concludes in the form of a heavenly mandate, with the Heavenly Worthy Who Answers Cries and Saves from Suffering bearing witness.

The True Talisman of the Jade Clarity for Receiving the Way by Donning Yellow

The following talisman is issued from above: this talisman, too, is bestowed from the celestial realm.

The talismanic command of the Primordial Beginning is the order of the Heavenly Worthy of Primordial Beginning. Deliverance and refinement means conducting a rite to deliver the deceased, whose name is entered during the liturgy, and have their soul refined in the underworld.

The deceased’s soul is hidden and nameless within the Way, its ascent and descent impossible to fathom. Within Qi there are images; the patterns of death and life take shape again: when Qi gathers, it seems to assume a form, and is bound up with the transformations of life and death. Though life and death follow their proper order, karmic ties—the consequences of good and evil deeds in life—are recorded in the underworld and can be verified.

Now we reflect that the deceased’s destiny has returned to the road through the clouds, while the soul has scattered and wanders lost in the realm of Yin. They cannot escape faults committed in life or wrongdoing accumulated across lifetimes. In the Courts of Luofeng, the general name for the underworld in Daoist tradition, often referring to places of judgment such as Fengdu, the Registrar of Merits and Assistant Officers keep the records. The Three Paths, the painful destinations within the cycle of rebirth, have authority to interrogate and review cases; the officials of the Ninefold Darkness wield the power to enforce the law.

Seeing this suffering, how can the soul be freed? Its awareness is clouded and lost, and it cannot escape the darkness of the underworld on its own. Today, on an auspicious day, all pray for its release: may the soul leave the prison of the Court of the Long Night, and may the roots of its offenses be diminished. Through the rite of receiving the Way by donning yellow, may it experience Xiyi, the subtle and tranquil realm of the Way, ascend to purity, awaken to the Way, and rise to Heaven.

The decree is then issued in the same form. The Daoist priest receives it and carries it out, and the Heavenly Worthy Who Answers Cries and Saves from Suffering bears witness.

The text as a whole follows the form of Lingbao purification-ritual documents, often structured around a “talisman, decree, and witness of the Heavenly Worthy.” “Donning yellow” is a ritual term for receiving precepts and registers and being delivered from the underworld to ascend toward immortality. Terms such as “Southern Palace,” “Shangqing,” “Niwan,” and “Crimson Palace” are briefly explained in parentheses where they first appear.

A Plain-Language Interpretation of the Lingbao Wenjian

Fire Refinement: Elixir-Boundary Talisman

Petition for General Zhao, Master of Fire in the Divine Empyrean, and his Fire-Illuminating Emissary to Descend

We petition General Zhao, who oversees flames in the Thunder Department of the Divine Empyrean, and his Fire-Illuminating Emissary to descend. With the Jade Eyes—the divine sight—illuminate the flames and infuse them with the true Qi of primordial origin.

Wash the souls at Cinnabar Mound; transform the spirits and enter the wondrous. This is hereby reported and promulgated.

At Cinnabar Mound, an immortal realm of Daoism, wash and cleanse the souls. Purify the spirits and transform consciousness, entering the mysterious and wondrous realm. This petition is hereby presented and the talismanic command issued.

The talismanic command above is hereby promulgated

(The formal talismanic command follows.)

General, Master of Fire in the Divine Empyrean

Examine in detail the circumstances of this Zhaijiao purification ritual. Please descend with true fire to refine and deliver the true soul of the deceased, ○○○. Melt and purify it until it is fit for use; with Cinnabar Qi, bring forth spirit. Let it shine with radiant light, unite with the Yellow Register, and receive refinement.

In accordance with this decree

Under the celestial cycle, in the year _, month _, day ___, this command is promulgated.

The ritual officiant (your servant) ___ receives the decree and carries it out.

Heavenly Worthy of Fire Refinement and the Cinnabar Realm

Heavenly Worthy of Great Unity, the Compassionate Father of the Eastern Palace, Who Responds to Cries and Relieves Suffering — Witness and Seal of Approval

Jade Clarity Talisman for Summoning Yin by the Master of Water

Altar of the Supreme Primordial Origin

With reverence, following the Daoist model, we solemnly establish the Mysterious Altar, summon the Yin spirits, and ask them to send down the true Qi of life’s origin to the ritual altar. May focused intention be put into motion, and may the rite receive a clear response at the appointed time. This petition is hereby presented and promulgated.

The talismanic command above is hereby promulgated

The radiance of Lingbao Qi seals the gates of death. Yin and Yang converge and arrive together on the road to the underworld, where the departed soul, ○○○, is refined and delivered. May it be reborn and endure without perishing; may its roots of evil be severed, and may it swiftly leave the gates of darkness. As the talisman’s light descends, wind and fire move without pause. May the soul ascend to the Golden Gate and unite with the Dao in true accord.

In accordance with this decree

Under the celestial cycle, in the year _, month _, day ___, this command is promulgated.

The ritual officiant (your servant) ___ receives the decree and carries it out.

Heavenly Worthy of Great Unity, the Compassionate Father of the Eastern Palace, Who Responds to Cries and Relieves Suffering — Witness and Seal of Approval

Jade Clarity Talisman for Summoning Yang by the Master of Fire

Altar of the Supreme Primordial Origin

With reverence, following the Daoist model, we solemnly establish the Mysterious Altar, summon the Yang spirits, and ask them to send down the true Qi of life’s origin to the ritual altar. May focused intention be put into motion, and may the rite receive a clear response at the appointed time. This petition is hereby presented and promulgated.

The talismanic command above is hereby promulgated

The jade radiance of Lingbao summons Qi through the nine Yangs. Extend life and enter the Dao; bring the soul together with the gates of the Yellow Springs. May the thousand spirits respond clearly and the myriad gods all heed the call. May the gates of darkness open in peace, and may the path reach upward to the Gate of Heaven. As the talisman’s light descends, wind and fire move without pause. Deliver the departed soul and raise it to the Golden Gate, where it may unite with the Dao in true accord.

In accordance with this decree

Under the celestial cycle, in the year _, month _, day ___, this command is promulgated.

Brief Explanation

This text consists of talismanic documents used in the liturgy of Lingbao Zhaijiao purification rituals. They are primarily used for the following purposes:

1. Fire refinement in the Cinnabar Realm: Refine the departed soul with true fire so it may leave the underworld.

2. Talisman for summoning Yin: Summon Yin spirits to refine and deliver the departed soul on its journey through the underworld, severing its roots of evil.

3. Talisman for summoning Yang: Summon Yang spirits and use the Qi of the nine Yangs to deliver the departed soul and raise it to the Gate of Heaven.

The rite concludes with the Heavenly Worthy of Great Unity, Who Responds to Cries and Relieves Suffering—the Compassionate Father of the Eastern Palace, an important Daoist deity who relieves suffering—serving as witness and seal of approval. The symbols “○○○” mark where the deceased person’s name is to be entered.

Plain-Language Interpretation of the Lingbao Document Register

Officiating the Ritual (Your Servant)　Receives the Edict and Carries It Out

The Daoist priest officiating at the ritual (your servant) receives the edict and carries it out according to the prescribed rites.

Compassionate Father of the Eastern Palace, Great Celestial Worthy Taiyi Who Responds to Cries and Relieves Suffering　　　　　　　　　Witness and Confirm

The Great Celestial Worthy Taiyi, compassionate Father of the Eastern Palace who responds to cries and relieves suffering, descends to the altar as witness.

Water-Pool Banner (Water Altar Banner)

Made of black silk, seven feet long and two feet four inches wide.

The Jade Maiden pours out the five fragrances;

the Holy Mother celebrates ten thousand years.

The Three Realms rejoice together;

we bow our heads in reverence to the Celestial Worthy.

(The Jade Maiden pours out the five fragrances, and the Holy Mother celebrates ten thousand years. The Three Realms rejoice together and bow in reverence to the Celestial Worthy.)

Fire-Illumination Banner

Made of red silk, seven feet long and two feet four inches wide.

Qi refines the storehouse of the primordial palace;

within the Purple Portal, immortality arises of itself.

When the cycles have been completed, the assembled perfected ones gather;

the Yang is awakened, and responses to prayer flourish.

(Through Qi, the palace that stores the primordial essence is refined, and the Purple Portal may naturally lead to becoming immortal. When the cycles have been completed, the perfected ones gather; the Yang is awakened, and responses to prayer abound.)

Yellow Banner for Covering

Made of yellow silk, seven feet long and two feet four inches wide.

Banner for Commanding Demons

Made of black silk, seven feet long.

Jade Clarity True Talisman for Dispelling Impurity

Jade Clarity True Talisman for Refining with Water

The following talisman edict is proclaimed:

The commands below are proclaimed:

Command the Chief Water General and the Water-Pool Envoy to refine and deliver the yin souls of the deceased ○○○ and others. Refine and transform their forms; let the numinous Ren Water of the immortals pour upon them like the sun, refining their souls and delivering them.

The Great Dao Proclaims Its Transformation

Heaven and earth unite; water transforms and ascends to Heaven; the souls are delivered from the Western Yin realm.

Let it be entirely as prescribed

(Everything shall proceed as stated in the talismanic edict and the ritual regulations.)

Edict

Under the celestial calendar, in the year　　, month　　, day　　, this edict is proclaimed.

Officiating the Ritual (Your Servant)　Receives the Edict and Carries It Out

Celestial Worthy Yellow Flower Who Dissolves Forms

Compassionate Father of the Eastern Palace, Great Celestial Worthy Taiyi Who Responds to Cries and Relieves Suffering　　　　　　　　　Witness and Confirm

Jade Clarity True Talisman for Refining with Fire

The following talisman edict is proclaimed:

Command the Chief Fire General and the Fire-Illumination Envoy to refine and deliver the souls of the deceased ○○○ and others: refine the souls through Primordial Unity; let golden radiance shine clear; let the four images each take their proper place; use the Fire of Bing and Ding to refine the spirit; let sunlight offer protection everywhere; deliver the souls of the dead far and wide; let the Three Radiances proclaim transformation, and unite with the Dao in perfected truth.

Let it be entirely as prescribed

Edict

Under the celestial calendar, in the year　　, month　　, day　　, this edict is proclaimed.

Officiating the Ritual (Your Servant)　Receives the Edict and Carries It Out

Celestial Worthy of Jade Clarity Who Refines the Substance

Compassionate Father of the Eastern Palace, Great Celestial Worthy Taiyi Who Responds to Cries and Relieves Suffering　　　　　　　　　Witness and Confirm

Talisman for the Ten Kings’ Transfer of the Case

Altar of the Supreme Primordial Unity　　Reverently received

The Dao’s directive　　We request its issuance

(At the Altar of the Supreme Primordial Unity, we reverently receive the Dao’s directive and request the issuance of the talismanic command.)

Notes for reading the original ritual text:

Terms such as “refining and delivering,” “refining the soul,” “refining the hun soul,” “dissolving the form,” and “refining the substance” are commonly used in Lingbao rituals for delivering and transforming the dead. They refer to refining and elevating the souls of the deceased through methods involving water, fire, and other ritual means. “○○○” marks where the deceased person’s name is written during the ritual. The Chief Water General, Water-Pool Envoy, Chief Fire General, and Fire-Illumination Envoy are divine officers of the water and fire departments summoned by the ritual. “The Ten Kings’ transfer of the case” concerns the Ten Kings of the underworld reviewing a case and arranging the transfer and deliverance of the deceased.

A Vernacular Explanation of the Lingbao Document Form

The following is a document format used in Daoist refinement and salvation rites (lian du ke, rites for delivering departed souls). It sends the Primordial Heavenly Worthy’s talismanic command to Northern Capital, Springs and Bends, a region of the underworld, asking the kings in the halls of the netherworld to release the dead and deliver them to rebirth above. The text is repeated three times, corresponding to the kings of the first, second, and third halls. In an actual rite, it is often written for all ten halls in the same format.

First Hall: King Qin Guang

By command of the Primordial, issued to Northern Capital, Springs and Bends

The talismanic command of the Primordial Heavenly Worthy is issued to Northern Capital, Springs and Bends in the underworld.

To the Great King Qin Guang of the First Hall of the Netherworld (chief of the Ten Kings, who oversees souls newly dead), Perfected Lord Zhi Su Miaoguang, and the clerks of the left and right bureaus and the officers who enforce the law: deliver from suffering and send to the immortal realm the departed [name] for whom this purification rite is being performed, together with the souls sunk in darkness (those long detained in the underworld) who are being included in the offering. In obedience to this command, may they be born above in Heaven, roam freely in Wuwei (non-action), and have clothing and food provided naturally. May grievances and enmities be reconciled, and retributive punishments cease. May they be forever freed from the source of the Three Paths and Five Sufferings (three evil realms and five kinds of suffering in the cycle of rebirth). May their souls and spirits be clarified and set aright, and may they pay homage at the gates of Heaven.

The Supreme Emperor has decreed: open the gates of the Deep Springs and grant pardon. Let there be no delay in the Edict of Nüqing (a document of the underworld). As commanded, transmit it by courier with the speed of wind and fire.

Issued on the _ day of the _ month, in the ___ year of the Heavenly Cycle

I, [name], officiant of the refinement and salvation rite, receive the decree and carry it out.

The Heavenly Worthy, Compassionate Father of the Eastern Palace, Taiyi, Savior from Suffering Who Answers the Cries of All presides as the chief deity of this deliverance.

From the Supreme Altar of Primordial Unity, respectfully in accordance with the Dao’s decree, we request that this command be issued—

(The same format of command follows below, with the name of the hall and the Perfected Lord changed.)

Second Hall: King Chu Jiang

By command of the Primordial, issued to Northern Capital, Springs and Bends

To the Great King Chu Jiang of the Second Hall of the Netherworld, Perfected Lord Yinde Dingxiu, and the clerks of the left and right bureaus and the officers who enforce the law: deliver the departed [name] for whom this purification rite is being performed, together with the souls sunk in darkness who are being included in the offering. In obedience to this command, may they be born above in Heaven, roam freely in Wuwei, and have clothing and food provided naturally. May grievances and enmities be reconciled and retributive punishments cease. May they be forever freed from the source of the Three Paths and Five Sufferings. May their souls and spirits be clarified and set aright, and may they pay homage at the gates of Heaven.

The Supreme Emperor has decreed: open the gates of the Deep Springs and grant pardon. Let there be no delay in the Edict of Nüqing. As commanded, transmit it by courier with the speed of wind and fire.

Issued on the _ day of the _ month, in the ___ year of the Heavenly Cycle

I, [name], officiant of the refinement and salvation rite, receive the decree and carry it out.

The Heavenly Worthy, Compassionate Father of the Eastern Palace, Taiyi, Savior from Suffering Who Answers the Cries of All, presides as the chief deity of this deliverance.

From the Supreme Altar of Primordial Unity, respectfully in accordance with the Dao’s decree, we request that this command be issued—

Third Hall: King Song Di

By command of the Primordial, issued to Northern Capital, Springs and Bends

To the Great King Song Di of the Third Hall of the Netherworld, Perfected Lord Dongming Pujing, and the clerks of the left and right bureaus and the officers who enforce the law: deliver the departed [name] for whom this purification rite is being performed, together with the souls sunk in darkness who are being included in the offering. In obedience to this command, may they be born above in Heaven, roam freely in Wuwei, and have clothing and food provided naturally. May grievances and enmities be reconciled and retributive punishments cease. May they be forever freed from the source of the Three Paths and Five Sufferings. May their souls and spirits be clarified and set aright, and may they pay homage at the gates of Heaven.

The Supreme Emperor has decreed: open the gates of the Deep Springs and grant pardon. Let there be no delay in the Edict of Nüqing. As commanded, transmit it by courier with the speed of wind and fire.

Issued on the _ day of the _ month, in the ___ year of the Heavenly Cycle

I, [name], officiant of the refinement and salvation rite, receive the decree and carry it out.

The Heavenly Worthy, Compassionate Father of the Eastern Palace, Taiyi, Savior from Suffering Who Answers the Cries of All, presides as the chief deity of this deliverance.

Notes for following the ritual text:

“Issued to Springs and Bends” means that the document is sent to the judicial offices of the underworld to ask the kings to release the souls.

“Departed for whom this purification rite is being performed” refers to the dead being delivered in this particular purification and offering rite. “Souls sunk in darkness included in the offering” refers to other souls long detained in the underworld who are also being included in the offering.

“Presides as the chief deity of this deliverance” means that the Heavenly Worthy Taiyi, Savior from Suffering, serves as the presiding deity for delivering the souls. “I receive the decree and carry it out” means that the Daoist priest acts on Heaven’s behalf to carry out its command.

At the words “departed [name],” the specific name is entered during the rite. The year, month, and day of the Heavenly Cycle are filled in with the date of the ceremony.

Plain-Language Explanation

(The departed soul) ascends to Heaven, free and at ease, nurtured through Wuwei (non-action); food and clothing are naturally provided in full. Enmities are reconciled, offenses and sins are cleared away, blessings come to fruition, and the soul leaves behind the Three Paths and Five Sufferings forever. Its soul and spirit become clear and upright, and it is able to pay homage at the Gate of Heaven.

The Supreme Lord has issued an edict: let the springs of the netherworld be opened and made peaceful. Command Lady Qing, the deity in charge of proclamations in the underworld, to deliver the decree without delay. Let the command be transmitted with the speed of wind and fire.

Issued on the _ day of the _ month, in the ___ year of the Heavenly Cycle.

I, so-and-so, officiant of the Refining and Deliverance rite, receive the command and carry it out.

The Compassionate Father of the Eastern Palace, the Supreme Venerable Taiyi Who Responds to Cries and Rescues from Suffering, presides over the covenant of deliverance.

The Most High Primordial Unity altar, reverently acting in accordance with the Dao’s mandate, petitions for the issuance of the Primordial Beginning’s talismanic command, to be proclaimed to the Northern Capital’s Springs-and-Curves underworld—

Fourth Hall: To the Great King of the Five Offices, the Perfected Lord of Mysterious Virtue and the Five Spirits, and the officials of the left and right bureaus, clerks, and enforcers of the law: deliver from the underworld the departed so-and-so, the principal deceased for this purification rite, together with the other souls sunk in the depths who are included in the offering. In obedience to this talismanic command, may they ascend to Heaven, free and at ease in Wuwei, with food and clothing naturally provided; may their enmities be reconciled, their sins and karmic retributions released, and their suffering brought to an end, as they pass forever beyond the source of the Three Paths and Five Sufferings. May their souls and spirits become clear and upright, and pay homage at the Gate of Heaven.

The Supreme Lord has issued an edict: let the springs of the netherworld be opened and made peaceful. Let Lady Qing’s proclamation suffer no delay; let it be carried out exactly as commanded and relayed with the speed of wind and fire.

Issued on the _ day of the _ month, in the ___ year of the Heavenly Cycle.

I, so-and-so, officiant of the Refining and Deliverance rite, receive the command and carry it out.

The Compassionate Father of the Eastern Palace, the Supreme Venerable Taiyi Who Responds to Cries and Rescues from Suffering, presides over the covenant of deliverance.

The Most High Primordial Unity altar, reverently acting in accordance with the Dao’s mandate, petitions for the issuance of the Primordial Beginning’s talismanic command, to be proclaimed to the Northern Capital’s Springs-and-Curves underworld—

Fifth Hall: To the Son of Heaven, King Yama, the Perfected Lord of Supreme Radiance and Luminous Spirit, and the officials of the left and right bureaus, clerks, and enforcers of the law: deliver from the underworld the departed so-and-so, the principal deceased for this purification rite, together with the other souls sunk in the depths who are included in the offering. In obedience to this talismanic command, may they ascend to Heaven (with the same merits and blessings as above).

May their souls and spirits become clear and upright, and pay homage at the Gate of Heaven.

The Supreme Lord has issued an edict: let the springs of the netherworld be opened and made peaceful. Let Lady Qing’s proclamation suffer no delay; let it be carried out exactly as commanded and relayed with the speed of wind and fire.

Issued on the _ day of the _ month, in the ___ year of the Heavenly Cycle.

Notes for Reading the Original

• Refining and Deliverance rite: A Daoist liturgy for refining the form of the deceased, delivering the soul, and rescuing it from the underworld.
• Northern Capital’s Springs-and-Curves underworld: The Daoist underworld beneath the springs of the north. The text issues proclamations hall by hall, with a distinct group of presiding deities and officials in the Fourth and Fifth Halls.
• Primordial Beginning’s talismanic command: A talismanic order issued by the Celestial Worthy of Primordial Beginning, declaring the release of souls from the underworld and their ascent to Heaven.
• Supreme Venerable Taiyi Who Responds to Cries and Rescues from Suffering: A great deity who commonly presides over deliverance rites and responds to cries for help, rescuing beings from suffering.
• Three Paths and Five Sufferings: A collective term for the painful conditions of the underworld, including its paths of torment and retribution.
• Relayed with the speed of wind and fire: Describes a decree dispatched urgently, like a swift relay courier.
• The principal deceased for this purification rite, and the souls sunk in the depths included in the offering: The principal deceased named in the rite, along with other souls trapped in the underworld who are also included in the offering.

Lingbao Writs and Registers: Lian Du Liturgy (Excerpt), A Plain-Language Interpretation

First passage (addressed to the Great King Biancheng of the Sixth Hall)

The officiating Daoist, conducting Lian Du (a liturgy that refines and transforms the body and spirit of the deceased and guides them out of the underworld), acts in obedience to the imperial mandate.

The Celestial Worthy of Great Unity, Compassionate Father of the Eastern Palace, Who Responds to Sounds and Rescues from Suffering—the deity of deliverance in the East, who comes to the rescue upon hearing a plea—presides over this deliverance rite.

At the Altar of the Primordial Origin, Supreme and Unbounded, the Daoist respectfully receives the Dao’s instruction and requests the issuance of an Origin-Primordial Talismanic Mandate, a pass for the underworld issued by the Celestial Worthy of the Primordial Origin. It is to be proclaimed to the Northern Capital’s Underworld of Winding Springs, the gloomy northern realm at the winding springs of the Yellow Springs.

To the Great King Biancheng, Precious and Solemn, Perfected Lord of Radiant Accomplishment, ruler of the Sixth Hall of the underworld, and the officials of the left and right bureaus, record keepers, and law-enforcement clerks: please deliver the deceased ○○○, whose memorial rite is being conducted, together with the attached souls recommended for deliverance from the sunken darkness. By this talismanic mandate, let them ascend to Heaven, roam freely in Wuwei (non-action), and receive food and clothing spontaneously. Let enmities be dissolved and karmic punishments cease; let them forever leave behind the source of the Three Paths and Five Sufferings, the realms of rebirth and five kinds of underworld torment. Let their souls and spirits be purified and set right, and let them pay court in the Celestial Palace.

The Supreme Emperor commands: open and bring peace to the deep Springs. The Edict of Lady Qing, the pardon issued by Lady Qing of the underworld, must not be delayed. Let it be transmitted by the wind-and-fire relay post, exactly as the mandate commands.

Issued on the day, month, and year of the Celestial Calendar.

Second passage (addressed to the Great King of Mount Tai of the Seventh Hall)

(The format is the same as above.) The officiating Daoist acts in obedience to the mandate. The Celestial Worthy of Great Unity, Who Responds to Sounds and Rescues from Suffering, presides over the deliverance rite. At the Altar of the Primordial Origin, Supreme and Unbounded, the Daoist respectfully receives the Dao’s instruction and requests the issuance of an Origin-Primordial Talismanic Mandate, to be proclaimed to the Northern Capital’s Underworld of Winding Springs.

To the Great King of Mount Tai of the Seventh Hall and other Perfected Lords Who Observe and Understand Principle, ruler of the Seventh Hall of the underworld, and the officials of the left and right bureaus, record keepers, and law-enforcement clerks: deliver the deceased ○○○, whose memorial rite is being conducted, together with the attached souls sunk in darkness and others. By this talismanic mandate, let them ascend to Heaven, roam freely in Wuwei (non-action), and receive food and clothing spontaneously. Let enmities be reconciled and karmic punishments cease; let them forever pass beyond the source of the Three Paths and Five Sufferings. Let their souls and spirits be purified and set right, and let them pay court in the Celestial Palace.

The Supreme Emperor commands that peace be brought to the deep Springs. Let the Edict of Lady Qing suffer no delay. Let it be transmitted by the wind-and-fire relay post, exactly as the mandate commands.

Issued on the day, month, and year of the Celestial Calendar.

Third passage (shortened version addressed to the Great King of Mount Tai of the Seventh Hall)

The officiating Daoist acts in obedience to the mandate. The Celestial Worthy of Great Unity, Who Responds to Sounds and Rescues from Suffering, presides over the deliverance rite. At the Altar of the Primordial Origin, Supreme and Unbounded, the Daoist respectfully receives the Dao’s instruction and requests the issuance of an Origin-Primordial Talismanic Mandate, to be proclaimed to the Northern Capital’s Underworld of Winding Springs.

(The rest has the same general meaning as the second passage: the Great King of Mount Tai of the Seventh Hall and others are commanded to deliver the deceased souls, send them up to Heaven, dissolve enmities and release them from sins and punishments, free them from the Three Paths and Five Sufferings, and enable their souls and spirits to pay court in the Celestial Palace. The Edict of Lady Qing is to be transmitted by the wind-and-fire relay post; it is issued on a specified day.)

Explanation: The original is a proclamation template from the Lingbao Lian Du liturgy, used to send talismanic mandates to the great kings of the underworld’s various halls. The marks ○○○ indicate where the deceased person’s name is to be entered. “The officiating Daoist” and “acts in obedience to the mandate” are terms the Daoist uses to identify themself and acknowledge the command received. The three passages follow a repeated structure; their main difference is the name of the underworld ruler addressed, such as the Great King Biancheng of the Sixth Hall or the Great King of Mount Tai of the Seventh Hall.

A Plain-Language Reading of the Lingbao Wenjian

This text is an official notice used in Lingbao rites for refining and delivering souls. It consists of three notices, sent respectively to the kings of the Eighth, Ninth, and Tenth Halls of the underworld, asking them to follow the commands of the talisman and deliver and liberate the souls of the dead.

The Eighth Hall (King Pingdeng)

This notice is sent to the Northern Capital’s Spring-Bend Underworld, to King Pingdeng of the Eighth Hall (the Perfected Lord of Supreme Verification and Deliverance), and to the clerks of the left and right offices and the law-enforcing officials:

The deceased ○○○ from this ritual assembly, together with the attached souls offered on behalf of the dead and other souls sunk in darkness, shall, by virtue of this talismanic command of the Primordial Beginning, be reborn in heaven. There they will roam freely in Wuwei (non-action), with clothing and food provided naturally. Enmities will be reconciled, karmic punishments suspended, and they will forever leave behind the source of the Three Paths and Five Sufferings. Their souls and spirits will be purified and set right, and they will pay audience at the heavenly gates.

The Supreme Emperor has issued an edict: the deep springs of the underworld are to be opened and set in peace. The Edict of Nüqing must not be delayed. This command is to be transmitted by courier as swiftly as wind and fire.

Issued on the _ day of the _ month of the ___ year of the Celestial Cycle.

The officiant (your subject) conducting the rite for refining and delivering souls receives the command and carries it out.

The Compassionate Father of the Eastern Palace, the Celestial Worthy Taiyi Who Responds to Sounds and Rescues from Suffering, presides over the deliverance of souls.

With reverence, the Altar of the Primordial Oneness and Origin follows the Dao’s decree and requests the issuance of the Primordial Beginning’s talismanic command, to be sent to the Northern Capital’s Spring-Bend.

The Ninth Hall (King Dushi)

This notice is sent to the Northern Capital’s Spring-Bend Underworld, to King Dushi of the Ninth Hall (the Perfected Lord Who Subdues Demons and Brings Forth Auspiciousness), and to the clerks of the left and right offices and the law-enforcing officials:

The deceased ○○○ from this ritual assembly, together with the attached souls offered on behalf of the dead and other souls sunk in darkness, shall, by virtue of this talismanic command, be reborn in heaven. There they will roam freely in Wuwei, with clothing and food provided naturally. Enmities will be reconciled, karmic punishments suspended, and they will forever pass beyond the source of the Three Paths and Five Sufferings. Their souls and spirits will be purified and set right, and they will pay audience at the heavenly gates.

The Supreme Emperor has issued an edict to open and set in peace the deep springs of the underworld. The Edict of Nüqing must not be delayed; the command is to be transmitted just as swiftly as a courier carried by wind and fire.

(The date and place of issue, the officiant’s receipt and execution of the command, the Celestial Worthy’s presiding over the deliverance of souls, and the altar’s request for the issuance of the talismanic command follow the same format as above.)

The Tenth Hall (King Zhuanlun)

This notice is sent to the Northern Capital’s Spring-Bend Underworld, to King Zhuanlun of the Tenth Hall (the Perfected Lord of Fivefold Splendor and Majestic Power), and to the clerks of the left and right offices and the law-enforcing officials:

The deceased ○○○ from this ritual assembly, together with the attached souls of relatives, the long-dead sunk in darkness, wandering souls, young children, and other souls, shall, by virtue of this talismanic command, be reborn in heaven. There they will roam freely in Wuwei, with clothing and food provided naturally. Enmities will be reconciled, karmic punishments suspended, and they will forever pass beyond the source of the Three Paths and Five Sufferings. Their souls and spirits will be purified and set right, and they will pay audience at the heavenly gates.

The Supreme Emperor has issued an edict to open and set in peace the deep springs of the underworld. The Edict of Nüqing must not be delayed; the command is to be transmitted just as swiftly as a courier carried by wind and fire.

(The following lines—the date and place of issue, the officiant’s receipt and execution of the command, the Celestial Worthy Taiyi Who Responds to Sounds and Rescues from Suffering presiding over the deliverance of souls, and the altar’s reverent request, in accordance with the Dao’s decree, for the issuance of the Primordial Beginning’s talismanic command to the Northern Capital’s Spring-Bend—follow the same format as above.)

Notes for reading the notices:

“Three Paths and Five Sufferings” refers to three kinds of paths and five kinds of suffering in the underworld’s system of karmic retribution. “Northern Capital’s Spring-Bend” is the name of the underworld domain to which the notices are delivered. The “Edict of Nüqing” is the name of a type of amnesty document used in the underworld. The symbols ○○○ mark the place where the ritual patron enters the deceased person’s name. The notices for all three halls follow the same format; the Tenth Hall notice lists more categories of souls offered on behalf of others, including relatives, the long-dead, wandering souls, and young children.

A Plain-Language Interpretation of the Lingbao Document Forms

(Meaning of the proclamation for delivering the deceased)

In heaven, all enjoy freedom and ease, governed through Wuwei (non-action). Clothing and food are naturally abundant. Hostility is resolved and sins are pardoned, allowing the deceased to enjoy peace and leisure and to escape forever the Three Paths and Five Sufferings. May the soul and spirit of the deceased become clear and upright, and be granted an audience at the Heavenly Palace.

The Lord on High has issued an edict: the proclamation has arrived at Kaitai Chongquan (the Underworld), and Lady Qing (the Perfected Lady Qing, who oversees the Underworld’s documents) commands that there be no delay. Let it be carried out accordingly.

The command is transmitted as swiftly as wind and lightning.

Issued on the _ day of the _ month, in the ___ year of the Celestial Cycle

The officiant conducting the Refining and Deliverance Rite, ___, receives the command and carries it out.

The Compassionate Father of the Eastern Palace, the Celestial Worthy Taiyi Who Responds to Cries and Saves from Suffering, presides over the covenant for deliverance.

Upper Clarity talismans for refining and delivering souls from the Three Paths

Upper Yuan Jade Talisman for Extinguishing Desire, Severing Corpse Ties, and Transforming into Radiant Light

(This talisman comes from the Collected Rites in Six Volumes for the Rapid Establishment of the Yellow Register Retreat.)

This talisman proclaims: Let the spirit officials who extinguish evil roots and evil paths be dispatched. On behalf of the deceased ___ at this retreat, sever the path of corpse ties and the gate of sensual desire in the Heavenly Path. Spare them the Heavenly Officials’ arduous service driving thunder and pursuing lightning, and the grief of pain and suffering. Let them rise beyond the Three Realms and roam freely in Upper Clarity. Let this be carried out according to the command.

Issued on the _ day of the _ month, in the ___ year of the Celestial Cycle

The officiant conducting the rite, ___, receives the command and carries it out.

The Compassionate Father of the Eastern Palace, the Celestial Worthy Taiyi Who Responds to Cries and Saves from Suffering, bears witness to the covenant.

Middle Yuan Jade Talisman for Extinguishing Desire, Severing Corpse Ties, and Transforming into Radiant Light

This talisman proclaims: Let the spirit officials who extinguish roots of attachment and evil paths be dispatched. On behalf of the deceased ___ at this retreat, sever the path of corpse ties and the gate of attachment and desire in the Earthly Path. Spare them the Earthly Officials’ arduous service of carrying sand and stone, and the toil of piling stones and hauling earth. Let them rise beyond the Three Realms and roam freely in Upper Clarity. Let this be carried out according to the command.

(The date, officiant, and witness formulas are the same as above.)

Lower Yuan Jade Talisman for Extinguishing Desire, Severing Corpse Ties, and Transforming into Radiant Light

This talisman proclaims: Let the spirit officials who extinguish roots of greed and evil paths be dispatched. On behalf of the deceased ___ at this retreat, sever the path of corpse ties and the gate of greed and desire in the Water Path. Spare them the suffering of service under the Water Officials in the Underworld. Let them rise beyond the Three Realms and roam freely in Upper Clarity. Let this be carried out according to the command.

(The date, officiant, and witness formulas are the same as above.)

Note: This text is a model for talismanic documents used in the Lingbao Refining and Deliverance Rite. The “Three Paths” are the Heavenly Path, Earthly Path, and Water Path, corresponding to sufferings in the Three Realms. “Severing corpse ties” means cutting away the obstacles to the Dao rooted in corpse spirits, sensual desire, attachment, and greed, so that the deceased’s soul may be delivered to Upper Clarity.

The Water Official, a divine office overseeing the waters, must draw water from the vast sea and labor tirelessly, dredging the Yellow River, the Huai River, and every channel and ditch. Only then can he transcend the Three Realms and roam in freedom.

All is as one in Shangqing (Highest Clarity).

Edict

Issued on the _ day of the _ month, in the ___ year of the Heavenly Cycle

The officiant (subject) conducting the liturgical rites: __, receives and carries out this edict.

Compassionate Father of the Eastern Palace, Celestial Worthy of Great Unity Who Answers Voices and Rescues from Suffering　　　　　　　　　witness and seal of approval

Shangqing Talisman for Deliverance from the Five Sufferings

Jade Talisman of Luminous Radiance: Release the Form and Transform, End the Five Sufferings

This talisman is hereby issued.

The spirit official who flies forth to deliver the corpse-spirit from the burden of form shall act on behalf of the deceased __ of this purification retreat. Release them from the suffering of attachment to form and the bonds of the mind’s gate; end their path of suffering in the Mount Tai hell. Let body and spirit ascend and be delivered, and present themselves at the Emperor’s celestial palace. May blessings and wisdom be enjoyed in freedom, and may they attend the Dragon Chariot in perfect unity.

Edict

Issued on the _ day of the _ month, in the ___ year of the Heavenly Cycle

The officiant (subject) conducting the liturgical rites: __, receives and carries out this edict.

Compassionate Father of the Eastern Palace, Celestial Worthy of Great Unity Who Answers Voices and Rescues from Suffering　　　　　　　　　witness and seal of approval

Jade Talisman of Luminous Radiance: Release the Form and Transform, End the Five Sufferings

This talisman is hereby issued.

The spirit official who flies forth to deliver the corpse-spirit from the burden of attachment shall act on behalf of the deceased __ of this purification retreat. Release them from the suffering of attachment and the bonds of the spirit’s gate; end their path of suffering in the hell where wind and blades torture the body. Let body and spirit ascend and be delivered, and present themselves at the Emperor’s celestial palace. May blessings and wisdom be enjoyed in freedom, and may they attend the Dragon Chariot in perfect unity.

Edict

Issued on the _ day of the _ month, in the ___ year of the Heavenly Cycle

The officiant (subject) conducting the liturgical rites: __, receives and carries out this edict.

Compassionate Father of the Eastern Palace, Celestial Worthy of Great Unity Who Answers Voices and Rescues from Suffering　　　　　　　　　witness and seal of approval

Jade Talisman of Luminous Radiance: Release the Form and Transform, End the Five Sufferings

This talisman is hereby issued.

The spirit official who flies forth to deliver the corpse-spirit from the burden of greed shall act on behalf of the deceased __ of this purification retreat. Release them from the suffering of greed and the bonds of the body’s gate; spare them the path of suffering in the hell of the Blade Mountain, where the dead carry stones. Let body and spirit ascend and be delivered, and present themselves at the Emperor’s celestial palace. May blessings and wisdom be enjoyed in freedom, and may they attend the Dragon Chariot in perfect unity.

Edict

Issued on the _ day of the _ month, in the ___ year of the Heavenly Cycle

The officiant (subject) conducting the liturgical rites: __, receives and carries out this edict.

Compassionate Father of the Eastern Palace, Celestial Worthy of Great Unity Who Answers Voices and Rescues from Suffering　　　　　　　　　witness and seal of approval

Plain-Language Guide to the Lingbao Writs

This text presents wenjian (formal documents submitted to the celestial court) used in Lingbao purification rituals and liturgies. They are vouched for by the Eastern Palace Compassionate Father, the Most High One, Taiyi, Who Responds to Cries and Rescues the Suffering—the Eastern Savior Venerable, who hears cries and delivers the suffering. The text includes formats for issuing several kinds of talismans and models of celestial decrees.

1. Jade Talisman of Transforming the Form, Deliverance from the Five Sufferings, and Flowing Radiance (First Version)

Brief explanation of the name: The Jade Talisman of Transforming the Form, Deliverance from the Five Sufferings, and Flowing Radiance is used to deliver the souls of the dead and relieve the five kinds of suffering in hell.

The following talisman is hereby issued (the talisman is distributed under order):

The Spirit Official Who Transports Beyond the Hua Jing Corpse receives this order on behalf of the deceased ○○○ (enter the person’s name) at this purification ritual:

• Relieve the suffering of Hua Jing (a category of painful retribution in the underworld associated with the canopy and anxious toil), and free the Gate of Jing (the gate of vital energy and of form and spirit);
• Spare the deceased the suffering of the Hell of Filling Rivers and Making Seas;
• Let form and spirit ascend, pay homage at the Heavenly Palace of the Celestial Emperor, enjoy freedom in blessings and wisdom, and attend beside the Celestial Emperor’s chariot;
• May all be as wished and as prescribed.

Celestial decree:

In the year, month, and day of the Celestial Era, this order is issued.

The official conducting the ritual receives and carries out the decree.

(Fill in the date, ritual office, and master’s title according to the preceding format.)

2. Jade Talisman of Transforming the Form, Deliverance from the Five Sufferings, and Flowing Radiance (Second Version)

The format is the same as above, but the order is issued by the Spirit Official Who Transports Beyond the Corpse of the Body, and the benefits emphasized are different.

On behalf of the deceased ○○○ at this purification ritual:

• Relieve the suffering of bodily burdens, and free the Gate of the Soul (the gate through which the hun and po souls enter and leave);
• Spare the deceased the suffering of the Hell of Swallowing Fire, Eating Charcoal, and Cauldrons of Boiling Water;
• Let form and spirit ascend, pay homage at the Heavenly Palace of the Celestial Emperor, enjoy freedom in blessings and wisdom, and attend beside the Celestial Emperor’s chariot. May all be as wished and as prescribed.

The decree and execution formats are the same as above.

3. Talisman for Opening the Road / Jade Clarity Talisman for Opening the Road

The Eastern Palace Compassionate Father, the Most High One, Taiyi, Who Responds to Cries and Rescues the Suffering

Vouches for this rite.

The Talisman for Opening the Road opens the path through the underworld and the road by which the souls of the dead ascend to immortality.

Jade Clarity Talisman for Opening the Road (First Form)

The following is issued in accordance with the talismanic command of the Primordial Beginning:

Deliver all souls lingering in the hidden realm (spirits detained in the underworld); open the road through the underworld; illuminate the dark mountains and underworld, including the Iron-Enclosed Mountains; and release the roots of sin.

Let them forever leave the Cold Court (the chilly prisons of the underworld), undergo no suffering or distress, behold the light, and dwell in ease and joy. May they realize the Dao and ascend to immortality. May all be as wished and as prescribed.

Celestial decree

The date, ritual office, and master’s title follow the preceding format.

Jade Clarity Talisman for Opening the Road (Second Form)

The wording is the same as in the first form, but the final phrase reads “realize the fruit of the Dao and ascend to true attainment.” The rest is unchanged.

Celestial decree

In the year, month, and day of the Celestial Era, this order is issued.

The official conducting the ritual receives and carries out the decree.

Notes for Reading These Writs

1. ○○○: The name of the deceased for whom the ritual is being performed is entered here.

2. Spirit Official Who Transports Beyond the Corpse / Spirit Official Who Transports Beyond the Corpse of the Body: Titles of divine officials who oversee the corpse and the ascent of form and spirit during the ritual.

3. The Five Sufferings, Hua Jing, Filling Rivers and Making Seas, and Swallowing Fire, Eating Charcoal, and Cauldrons of Boiling Water: These refer to punishments in the underworld and names of hells. The talismans are described as relieving or freeing the deceased from them.

4. Wenjian as a whole consists of set phrases used by Daoist priests when submitting petitions and issuing talismans. These must be accompanied by ritual procedures such as liturgy, visualization, and burning the talismans. Reading the text alone cannot replace the ritual.

The following are plain-language explanations of several ritual documents from the Lingbao Wenjian, arranged in the order of the original.

1. Jade Clarity True Talisman for Cutting the Hanging Rope

Witnesses: The Compassionate Father of the Eastern Palace and the Celestial Worthy Taiyi Who Responds to Cries and Rescues from Suffering, who bear witness to the ritual.

Meaning of the talisman: This talisman is issued to all the authorities governing the Ten Directions and Three Realms, the Six Paths, the four kinds of birth and ten classes of beings, the souls lingering in the Nine Depths—souls of various kinds suffering in the underworld—and the offices of the underworld that administer karmic offenses. It releases the offenses of the deceased souls ○○○ and others, commanding their spirits to obey the talisman’s decree and freeing them all from their bonds. May a golden blade sever the rope and restore the body to wholeness; may the offense of hanging oneself be erased forever. May each soul find the joy of freedom, leave the realms of suffering, and come to receive the wondrous power of the Dao.

Closing: In accordance with the decree, as Heaven has commanded.

Issued under the heavenly calendar, on the _ day of the _ month, in the year ___

Ritual officiant (subject) ___ receives the decree and carries it out

Celestial Worthy Who Frees the Hanged and Unties Knots, the title of the Celestial Worthy associated with this ritual passage.

2. Jade Clarity True Talisman of a Hundred Releases

Witnesses: The Compassionate Father of the Eastern Palace and the Celestial Worthy Taiyi Who Responds to Cries and Rescues from Suffering.

Meaning of the talisman: By the command of the Capital of Heaven, this decree is sent to the clerks, officers, runners, and soldiers of the underworld, and to all offices under their jurisdiction. They are to transmit the order without delay, rescue and ferry the souls of the deceased ○○○ and others, and release them at the appointed time. By means of this talisman, their escort is dismissed, so that the souls may quickly proceed toward the realm of life, receive deliverance, and help spread the transformation of the Dao.

In accordance with the decree—the date, ritual rank, master’s title, and other details follow the format above.

3. Supreme One True Talisman for Commanding Demons as the Vanguard

Meaning of the talisman: By the true talisman bearing the Jade Decree of the Primordial Beginning, demons are commanded to rush ahead through the fire as vanguards and open the passes. The Three Sovereigns of all sentient beings respectfully comply; their authority subdues the multitude of demons. By the regulations of the Mysterious Altar, this order must be carried out with utmost haste.

Issued under the heavenly calendar, on the _ day of the _ month, in the year ___

Ritual officiant (subject) ___ receives the decree and carries it out

4. Jade Clarity True Talisman of the Flood Dragons

Opening: Before the Supreme One, Primordial Beginning Celestial Worthy, this true talisman commanding the flood dragons is issued to rescue and ferry the souls of the deceased ○○○ and others for whom the purification ritual is being performed, and to bring them out of the hells. The talisman’s command must be carried out and issued forth.

Meaning of the talisman: This talisman issues the following command: the decree of Primordial Beginning descends into the Nine Springs, the gates of the netherworld, and the Night Court, and all suffering is removed. The mysterious realm is opened, and the faithful fish and dragons—the flood dragons, spirit fish, and other water beings who serve here as messengers commanded to open the netherworld—proclaim the order. The souls are refined and released from the gates of the netherworld; their spirits are transferred and transformed, and they ascend to be reborn in the Three Heavens.

In accordance with this—followed by the decree, issuance, and execution formulas used above.

Note: These passages follow fixed formulas used in Lingbao ritual, in which orders are issued to the underworld and talismans are used to rescue and ferry souls. “○○○” marks where the deceased person’s name is entered; “subject” and the ritual rank and master’s title are fields for the officiating Daoist to identify himself and sign. The talismans correspond respectively to freeing the hanged, granting release from a hundred kinds of bonds, commanding demons to serve as vanguards, and sending flood dragons to open the Nine Depths. They are often used together in actual rituals. This passage provides only a plain-language reading of the individual scripture entries.

The following is a modern plain-language interpretation of this passage from the Lingbao Wenjian, explaining the purpose of each talisman and the general meaning of its proclamation.

Talismanic command for dispatching dragon messengers by relay

A talismanic command dispatches dragon messengers by relay, proclaims the order to the lower realm, and directs the dragon envoys to deliver and carry it out.

In the Heavenly Cycle, in the year, month, and day, this proclamation is issued below. The master’s title is the same as above.

Jade Clarity True Talisman for Pursuing Unpaid Debts and Unresolved Grievances of the Departed

The proclamation on the right is issued below.

Lingbao bestows compassion, pursuing and delivering the departed spirits. It unties grievances, removes offenses, and dispels guilt. The true talisman of the Northern Abyss brings reconciliation and release, enabling them to transcend and enter Zhuling, all as ordained. By the statutes and ordinances of the Mysterious Register.

In the Heavenly Cycle, in the year, month, and day, this proclamation is issued below.

The officiant of the ritual service, your servant, receives the decree and carries it out.

The compassionate father of the Eastern Palace, the Most High One, Taiyi, who responds to voices and saves those in distress, serves as witness and guarantor.

Plain-language explanation: This talisman belongs to the realm of Jade Clarity. It is specifically for pursuing and gathering the spirits of the dead who remain in the netherworld because of unpaid money, debts, or unresolved burdens of guilt. The proclamation on the right says, in essence: Through Lingbao’s compassion, the departed are pursued and delivered; their grievances are untied and their guilt removed. The true talisman of the Northern Abyss brings them reconciliation and deliverance, allowing them to ascend into Zhuling, the celestial realm of the Fire Office where souls are delivered. May all proceed as desired. The proclamation is issued on a specified year, month, and day. The officiant calls himself a servant and carries out the decree; the compassionate father of the Eastern Palace, Taiyi, who responds to voices and saves those in distress, bears witness.

Jade Clarity True Talisman for the Departed Locked in Disputes with Recent Enemies

The proclamation on the right is issued below.

Spirits of the underworld, spirits of the underworld, locked in disputes in the Cold Court: old enmities from former lives and accumulated debts have gone unresolved through countless ages in the netherworld, and your appeals have found no redress. With this true talisman, you are delivered and reconciled, and may be reborn in a higher state, all as ordained. By the statutes and ordinances of the Mysterious Register.

The date, month, and master’s title are the same as above.

Plain-language explanation: This Jade Clarity talisman is for the spirits of the dead who remain locked in unceasing disputes in the netherworld over recent enmities. The proclamation addresses the spirits: You are locked in disputes in the Cold Court; old grievances and debts from former lives have gone without redress through many ages in the netherworld, and your appeals remain unresolved. This true talisman delivers you and brings reconciliation, so that you may be reborn on a favorable path, as desired. The date and the master’s title are the same as above.

Jade Clarity True Talisman for Pursuing the Departed Bound by Grudges, Debts, and Entanglements Across Many Lives

The proclamation on the right is issued below.

The true Lingbao talisman is sent down to Youdu, the capital of the netherworld, to resolve disputes and erase the record of karmic afflictions. Wherever the Emperor’s decree arrives, the prison officials must obey the talisman, all as ordained. By the statutes and ordinances of the Mysterious Register.

In the Heavenly Cycle, in the year, month, and day, this proclamation is issued below.

The officiant of the ritual service, your servant, receives the decree and carries it out.

The compassionate father of the Eastern Palace, the Most High One, Taiyi, who responds to voices and saves those in distress, serves as witness and guarantor.

Plain-language explanation: This talisman pursues and gathers the spirits of the dead who are bound by resentment, debts, and entanglements extending across many lives. The original text has a missing character; the meaning is that these ties have persisted for a long time. The true Lingbao talisman is sent down to Youdu to resolve their disputes and erase their records in the register of karmic afflictions. Wherever the Emperor’s decree reaches, the prison officials must follow the talisman’s instructions, as prescribed by ritual law. The date, officiant, and witnessing Celestial Worthy are the same as above.

Jade Clarity True Talisman for Pursuing the Departed Who Died from Injury or Illness in Prison

The proclamation on the right is issued below.

The Lingbao talismanic command is proclaimed everywhere, bringing relief to the imprisoned souls in the prisons of the netherworld. Each is released from the ice of grievance and punishment, with the weight of karmic retribution determined according to the goodness of their thoughts and deeds. The compassionate Worthy saves those in distress, dissolving the icy prison gates completely, all as ordained. By the statutes and ordinances of the Mysterious Register.

In the Heavenly Cycle, the year, month, and master’s ritual rank and title are the same as above.

Plain-language explanation: This talisman is specifically for the departed who died of illness or injury while imprisoned. The Lingbao talismanic command is proclaimed throughout the underworld to aid the souls held in its prisons. Each is freed from the ice of the cold prisons and its punishments, with the weight of karmic retribution assessed according to the goodness of their thoughts and deeds in life. The compassionate Worthy saves those in distress and opens all the icy prison gates, as prescribed by ritual law. The year, ritual rank, and master’s title are the same as above.

Jade Clarity True Talisman for Pursuing the Departed Killed by Tigers, Wolves, Insects, or Snakes

The proclamation on the right is issued below.

The Lingbao talismanic command opens the way to deliverance for those in the shadowy underworld who lost their lives to tigers, wolves, insects, or snakes. Let the disputes arising from past karmic ties cease, and let accumulated debts be diminished. By this present talismanic command, they are permitted to ascend and be delivered to Zhuling, all as ordained. By the statutes and ordinances of the Mysterious Register.

Plain-language explanation: This talisman pursues and saves the spirits of those who died from injuries inflicted by tigers, wolves, insects, or snakes. The Lingbao talismanic command opens the way to deliverance from the shadowy underworld. For those who died this violent death, disputes arising from past karmic ties may cease and accumulated debts may be reduced. In accordance with this talismanic command, they are permitted to ascend to Zhuling, as prescribed by the ordinances of the Mysterious Register.

Note: In this text, “grievance” often refers to offenses, karmic debts, and burdens. “Locked in disputes” refers to the dead accusing and confronting one another in the netherworld. Zhuling is the Daoist realm of the Fire Office, where souls are delivered. “Proclaimed below,” “receives the decree and carries it out,” and “serves as witness and guarantor” are formulaic expressions in Lingbao ritual texts: an order is issued to the lower realm, the ritual master accepts and carries it out, and a Celestial Worthy bears witness. Each section follows the same structure: talisman name, proclamation accompanying the talisman, then the date and the names of the officiant and witness.

Choose an auspicious time and issue the proclamation on a specified year, month, and day.

The minister appointed to preside over the liturgy receives the celestial mandate and carries it out as commanded. The oath is witnessed by the Compassionate Father of the Eastern Palace, the Celestial Worthy Taiyi Who Responds to Cries and Relieves Suffering, a revered deity who saves the souls of the dead from suffering.

This is the “True Talisman of the Jade Clarity Tradition for Pursuing and Releasing Wrongfully Killed, Unclaimed Souls,” a talisman used in the Jade Clarity tradition to offer salvation to souls who died unjustly and have no one to care for them. The talisman proclaims that the Lingbao talismanic mandate is issued to the netherworld for souls who have violated the laws of the dead, remain detained in the underworld, have been held for confrontation, dwell in the cold courts, and bear unaddressed grievances and debts from which they cannot escape. Now, by the authority of the talisman, their confrontations are ended so they may be delivered and reborn, become good companions to one another, refine their bodily forms, and return to Zhuling, the southern immortal realm of Daoist legend, where they may find their usual peace and stability. All is to be carried out in accordance with the laws and ordinances of the Mysterious Rites. The year, month, ritual office, and master’s title are the same as stated above.

This is the “True Talisman of the Jade Clarity Tradition for Pursuing and Releasing Those Killed by Robbers,” a talisman used in the Jade Clarity tradition to offer salvation to people killed by robbers. The talisman proclaims that the numinous talisman descends and makes its charge known throughout the roads of the netherworld: all souls who were killed after robbers broke into their homes at night must cease their feuds and confrontations in the underworld. Souls entangled in grievances across lifetimes must also stop calling out to and pursuing one another. Now, by the authority of the talisman, they are delivered so that in the Southern Capital, the Daoist realm of the underworld, their bodies may be made whole, they may enjoy the quiet of Wuwei (non-action), and return to their usual state. All is to be carried out in accordance with the laws and ordinances of the Mysterious Rites.

Choose an auspicious time and issue the proclamation on a specified year, month, and day. The minister appointed to preside over the liturgy receives the celestial mandate and carries it out as commanded. The oath is witnessed by the Compassionate Father of the Eastern Palace, the Celestial Worthy Taiyi Who Responds to Cries and Relieves Suffering.

This is the “True Talisman of the Jade Clarity Tradition for Pursuing and Releasing Those Killed in Battle,” a talisman used in the Jade Clarity tradition to offer salvation to those who fell on the battlefield. As the star Tai Bai, associated with weapons and warfare, moves through the heavens, it mobilizes troops and descends upon the corresponding regions to inspect those in the armies who died fighting the enemy and whose souls remain in the netherworld. The true talisman descends to end their confrontations and disputes, dispel their hostile power, reconcile them with one another, and make them companions and teachers to one another. They ascend into Xiyi, the subtle and tranquil realm described in Daoist teaching, and return to their usual state. All is to be carried out in accordance with the laws and ordinances of the Mysterious Rites.

Choose an auspicious time and issue the proclamation on a specified year, month, and day. The minister appointed to preside over the liturgy receives the celestial mandate and carries it out as commanded. The oath is witnessed by the Celestial Worthy Who Rescues the Guilty in the Ninefold Darkness, a revered deity who saves sinful souls in the Ninefold Darkness. The Compassionate Father of the Eastern Palace, the Celestial Worthy Taiyi Who Responds to Cries and Relieves Suffering, presides over the oath and is responsible for delivering the souls.

The following talismans are then listed: the True Talisman of the Jade Clarity Tradition for Combined Refinement and Deliverance; the True Talisman of the Jade Clarity Tradition for the Three Lights and the Stabilization of Ritual Food; the True Talisman of the Jade Clarity Tradition for Jade Yang Ritual Food; the True Talisman of the Jade Clarity Tradition for the Three Lights and Cloud-Blossom Ritual Food; and the True Talisman of the Jade Clarity Tradition for the Three Lights and Guiding Immortals. These talismans are used to deliver souls, provide ritual food offerings to the dead and stabilize them, and guide the souls into the immortal path.

Plain-Language Notes on Related Entries in the Lingbao Wenjian

The following are names of true talismans, sacred registers, and proclamations commonly used in Jade Purity Lingbao rituals, together with notes on some of their ritual uses.

Jade Purity Three Lights Treasure Qi Food Offering True Talisman

A talisman used in the Jade Purity realm. It is made from the treasure Qi of the “Three Lights”—the sun, moon, and stars—and used in ritual food offerings: presenting food and offerings to the souls of the dead or to wandering souls.

Jade Purity Five Emperors Complete Forms Talisman

A talisman depicting the complete forms of the Five Emperors of Jade Purity, used when summoning or visualizing them.

Jade Purity Soul-Summoning True Talisman

Used to summon and gather the souls of the dead so they may come to the altar and receive salvation.

Jade Purity Prison-Breaking True Talisman

Used in the “prison-breaking” ritual, symbolically opening the prisons of the underworld so the souls of the dead may be released.

Prison-Breaking Banner

A banner used together with the Prison-Breaking True Talisman, hung or waved during the prison-breaking rite.

Jade Purity Heaven-Cleansing Eye True Talisman

A talisman associated with cleansing the heavenly eye, often used to inspect and discern the karmic roots, sins, or blessings of the dead.

Jade Purity ● Litigation True Talisman

One character in the source is illegible. This talisman is associated with litigation in the underworld and the resolution of grievances.

Jade Purity Debt-Relief True Talisman

Used to deliver the souls of those held in the underworld because of debts incurred in life, including what are described as underworld debts or debts of merit.

Jade Purity True Talisman for Recommending a Deceased Mother While Her Child Lives

Used in a ritual to recommend a mother who has died while her child is still alive, with the rite also extending to the living child.

Jade Purity True Talisman for Recommending a Living Mother Whose Child Has Died

Used when the mother is alive and her child has died.

Jade Purity True Talisman for Recommending a Deceased Mother and Child After Childbirth

A talisman for recommending a woman and infant who both died in childbirth, when they were related to the person conducting the rite.

Jade Purity True Talisman for Recommending a Mother and Child Who Both Died in Childbirth

A general talisman for recommending a mother and child who both died as a result of childbirth. The circumstances resemble those of the preceding entry, but the ritual classification differs.

Jade Purity True Talisman for Recommending a Soul Who Died During an Examination

A talisman for delivering the soul of someone who died during an examination or inquiry.

Jade Purity True Talisman for Recommending Those Executed by Beheading, Hanging, or Beating

A talisman for recommending people who died by execution, including beheading, hanging, or beating with a staff.

Jade Purity True Talisman for Recommending Those Tortured to Death by Lingering Execution or Dismemberment

A talisman for recommending people who died under cruel punishments such as lingchi or dismemberment.

Jade Purity True Talisman for Recommending Those Killed by Artillery or Arrows in Battle

A talisman for delivering the souls of those killed on the battlefield or struck by artillery or arrows.

Jade Purity True Talisman for Recommending Those Crushed to Death After Falling into a Pit or Trench

A talisman for recommending those who died after falling into a pit or trench, or being crushed.

Jade Purity True Talisman for Recommending Those Killed by Collapsing Rocks or Falling Trees

A talisman for recommending those killed by landslides or falling trees.

Jade Purity True Talisman for Recommending Those Killed in a Fight

A talisman for recommending those who died in a fight or brawl.

Jade Purity True Talisman for Recommending Those Crushed by Vehicles or Trampled by Horses

A talisman for recommending those killed by being run over by a vehicle or trampled by a horse.

Jade Purity True Talisman for Recommending Those Crushed by Bricks or Stones

A talisman for recommending those struck and crushed to death by bricks or stones.

Jade Purity True Talisman for Recommending Those Killed by Dogs, Venomous Snakes, or Scorpions

A talisman for recommending those who died from dog bites, venomous snakebites, or scorpion stings.

Most High’s Decree of Pardon and Heavenly Ascent Sacred Register

The name of a sacred register in which the Most High—an honorific for the supreme Celestial Venerable—decrees the remission of sins and records names for ascent to Heaven. It is associated with rites for delivering souls and with sacred documents for heavenly ascent.

Immortal-Presiding Deity Who Delivers People to Deathlessness, at Yin

The deity who presides over delivering people to deathlessness; the rite corresponds to the earthly branch Yin, or to its direction or time.

Lord of Southern Ultimate Longevity, at Si

A revered deity in the tradition of the Great Emperor of Southern Ultimate Longevity, corresponding to Si.

Great God Sima, Deliverer of the World, at Wu

The Great God Sima, Deliverer of the World, corresponding to Wu.

Elder Lord Han, Who Cherishes Life, at Chou

A deity associated with cherishing life and delivering people, known as the Lord Who Cherishes Life or Elder Lord Han, corresponding to Chou.

Lord of Fate and Registers of Nanchang, at Zi

A lord in Nanchang, a title associated with underworld offices, who oversees fate and registers, corresponding to Zi.

Lord Who Prolongs Life, Increases the Allotted Years, and Delivers from Calamity, at Wei

A lord who prolongs life, increases a person’s allotted years, and delivers them from calamity, corresponding to Wei.

Lord Who Restores the Bones and Revives the Dead, at Kun

A lord who restores bones and revives the dead, corresponding to the Kun direction.

Boundless Lord Who Delivers People, at Chu

The Boundless Lord Who Delivers People. Chu may indicate a direction or a notation for an outgoing altar step in the ritual sequence; the source differs slightly.

Chimei, Gui-[illegible], Gui-[illegible], Gui-[illegible]; the Mysterious Spirit Lord, with “Om” above, “Hum” above Chou, “Zha” below Wu, and “Li” below Wei

This entry combines esoteric characters, Sanskrit sounds, and divine names. It gives names for chimei spirits and other ghostly beings, and indicates where the mantra sounds “Om,” “Hum,” “Zha,” and “Li” should be written on the talisman—for example, above Chou, below Wu, and below Wei. Together, these names and sounds invoke a class of protective deities called the Mysterious Spirit Lords.

Sun, Moon, and Stars: Hand Seals

During the rite, hand seals corresponding to the sun, moon, and stars are used.

Celestial Worthy of Great Unity, Who Responds to Sounds and Relieves Suffering; Cover with a Golden-Light Seal

The Celestial Worthy of Great Unity, Savior from Suffering, who responds whenever he hears a call. When making the talisman, cover it or stamp it with a “Golden-Light Seal” to signify the deity’s presence and illumination.

Jiao, Kang, Di, Fang, Xin, Wei, Ji, Dou, Niu, Nü, Xu, Wei, Shi, Bi, Kui, Lou, Wei, Mao, Bi, Zi, Shen, Jing, Gui, Liu, Xing, Zhang, Yi, Zhen

The full list of the Twenty-Eight Lunar Mansions. Lingbao proclamations often list the mansions to define the realms of Heaven and Earth and illuminate the visible and hidden worlds, or to coordinate with ritual pacing and celestial divisions.

The above talisman decree is hereby issued

The talismanic commands and proclamations above are issued from this point onward.

May all those in charge throughout the Three Officials’ offices, the Nine Departments, the One Hundred and Twenty Bureaus, the Five Emperors’ examining officers, the clerks of the Six Palaces, the offices of Fengdu and Luoshan, the sacred mountains of the Five Peaks, and the bureaus of the Nine Layers of Deep Yin obey this talismanic command

All officials in the underworld offices of the Three Officials—Heaven, Earth, and Water—the Nine Departments and One Hundred and Twenty Bureaus, the Five Emperors’ examining officers, the clerks of the Six Palaces, the offices of Fengdu and Luoshan, the sacred mountains of the Five Peaks, and the bureaus throughout the Nine Layers of Deep Yin are commanded to act in accordance with this talismanic decree.

To deliver and rescue the deceased formally recommended in this purification rite

To deliver and rescue the named dead, formally recommended at the appointed purification rite.

Note: This text is close in form to a wenjian, a checklist of talisman and banner names. The entries beginning “For Recommending Those Who Died…” classify the causes of death used in Lingbao purification rituals, helping Daoist priests select the appropriate talisman for each case. They are not narrative scripture.

This scripture describes the Daoist ritual process and ritual implements used for the salvation of deceased souls. The main content can be divided into several sections:

First is the invocation to Taiyi Jiuku Tianzun (the Daoist deity specifically responsible for delivering souls from suffering), praying that the deceased may be cleansed of karmic obstacles, liberated from hell's confinement, and swiftly ascend to the celestial realms. The phrases "jade eyes refining substance" and "yellow blossoms cleansing form" refer to the ritual purification of the soul, granting it rebirth.

Next comes detailed specifications for crafting the soul-summoning banner: two banners (one crimson, one yellow) each measuring nine chi in length, inscribed with specific scriptures and talismanic writings. The crimson banner stands on the left, its top inscribed with the character "Dao" (the Way) accompanied by thirty-six talismanic seals. The banner body must bear four verses from the Jiutian Yingzhen Jing (Scripture of the Nine Heavens' True Response), containing teachings to guide souls beyond the underworld toward celestial ascension.

The scripture further records the content on both sides of the summoning banner: the front displays information about the presiding Daoist priest and the name of the deceased being delivered; the reverse bears incantations to guide the soul, mentioning deities like "Beidou Tianpeng" (the Great Chariot Star Lord and Marshal Tianpeng) who assist in opening the path through the underworld.

Finally, it mentions establishing a separate banner for orphaned souls without descendants, similarly inscribed with specific scriptures. The entire ritual must strictly follow the standards set in the Dongxuan Yuanchen Jing (Cavern Mystery Scripture of Primal Dawn) from the Daoist Canon, employing thirty-six designated talismans.

These contents reflect the Daoist religious concept of "delivering suffering souls," using specific rituals, implements, and incantations to help the deceased transcend suffering and attain rebirth. Every ritual detail follows strict regulations, demonstrating Daoism's systematic liturgical tradition and the importance placed on salvation ceremonies.

A Vernacular Explanation of the Lingbao Ritual Documents

I. Scripture Sections Below and the Arrangement of Banners

The sections below list the various scripture titles. Four ribbons are attached to the top of each banner and secured with a jeweled canopy, which is set over the banner. The thirty-six sacred talismans are divided into four groups, invoking the meaning of “nine cycles.” The other banners below are arranged in the same way. “Talismans and mandates” refers to the sacred talismans associated with the different scriptures.

“Mingmo” refers to the underworld; “yang” means to soar or fly upward. “Set the three vehicles in motion” means to set the three vehicles in motion—a common Daoist metaphor for the body and mind, or for methods of salvation—so that the souls of the guilty may ascend to heaven. “Northern Office” refers to the underworld; the text also uses the image of the Kan palace to convey “ascending.” “The world of the Cinnabar Heaven in the Southern Palace” evokes the Li palace. Together, these images suggest refining through Water and Fire to rescue and raise the dead from the netherworld.

II. The Yellow Banner (Set Up on the Right)

The Yellow Banner is set up on the right. It corresponds to the “bird,” the Scripture of the Nine Heavens’ Generation of the Living, and the vital energy of the central of the Five Immortals. The character “Immortal” is written prominently on it. Its four ribbons and thirty-six talismans are accompanied by four lines corresponding to the energy of the Scripture of the Generation of the Living:

The yellow banner circles back through Taiwei;
Wuying commands the numinous banner.
It summons and gathers the offices of the Long Night;
It opens the way and delivers souls to rebirth.

Note: The Yellow Banner symbolizes the right side of the central Qi, so it is placed on the right. The large character “Immortal” signifies ascent to the capital of the immortals. “Taiwei” is the name of a realm of the highest perfected beings; “circle back” means to turn around. “Wuying” is Lord Wuying, who governs the three souls. The “Office of the Long Night” refers to the nine prisons, where sunlight never reaches.

III. Summoning and Repentance, and the Two Banners at the Gate

Both banners are set up at the entrance. The imperial bell is sounded to summon the ten directions and initiate repentance.

The following talisman is written on the Banner for Summoning the Solitary Dead:

Supreme One’s True Talisman for Judging and Dissolving Sins (the talisman on the right is issued below)

By the sacred intent of the Three Heavens, let offenses be released and dissolved, and let the souls of the deceased, including [name], be rescued and delivered. In life they incurred wrongs; after death they faced retribution for their offenses. They failed to hold fast through change, forgot their nature, and clung to delusion; they never turned their thoughts toward the Way. Without the Supreme One’s talisman, how could their offenses be absolved? Now, in accordance with the mystic rites, we open their understanding, so that they may be freed forever from the sea of suffering and ascend swiftly to heaven, as commanded.

Issued on the [day] of the [month], in the [year] of the Celestial Cycle

[Name], ritual officer, receives and carries out this command

The Compassionate Father of the Eastern Palace, the Heavenly Worthy Taiyi Who Responds to Cries and Rescues from Suffering, serves as witness and guarantor

IV. The Warrant of Talismans and Mandates for Judging and Dissolving Sins

Now that this office has concluded the ritual assembly and completed the proclamation of its secret rites, it issues a Warrant of Talismans and Mandates for Judging and Dissolving Sins—an official talismanic document authorizing sins to be absolved and the dead to be delivered—for the deceased, including [name], who are to receive salvation and be recommended through the fasting rite; for the distant ancestors and relatives of the household; and for the men and women of the five tones, together with all the solitary souls of the ten classes.

Notes to Aid Understanding

• Lingbao Ritual Documents: ritual texts of the Lingbao tradition that specify how banners, talismans, and written formulas are to be inscribed and arranged.
• Three vehicles, Kan and Li, and refinement through Water and Fire: images drawn from the trigrams and ritual practices of refinement to describe rescuing the dead from the underworld and raising them to the celestial realms.
• Judging and dissolving sins means determining whether offenses can be absolved. A warrant of talismans and mandates is an official pass issued to the deceased and solitary souls at the end of the ritual.
• The Heavenly Worthy Taiyi Who Responds to Cries and Rescues from Suffering is a revered deity who commonly serves as witness and guarantor and rescues beings from suffering.

A Plain-Language Interpretation of the Lingbao Texts and Documents

Talismans and Documents of the Heavenly Treasure of the Most High Who Brings Forth Heaven: Altar Dispatch

(Official Dispatch for Sending the Dead on Their Way)

Beyond the altar dispatch, one must also rely on divine might to guide the souls of the dead out of this realm.

Dispatch to the Underworld (this dispatch is sent below)

We request that the Merit Officers of the Terrestrial Way and the officials and generals who carry out the court’s orders, with tireless compassion, protect the soul of the deceased and send it to the Bureau of the Southern Palace, where its substance may be refined and it may ascend to truehood. So ordered.

In the year, month, and day of the Heavenly Cycle: issue this dispatch.

True Talisman of the Jade Purity for Tenfold Renewal and Restoration of the Whole Form

The Altar of the Supreme Primordial Origin respectfully receives the Dao’s command and hereby proclaims:

True Talisman of the Five Emperors for Restoration of the Whole Form—to deliver the soul of the deceased, (name), so that its spirit may retain its form and whole body, its limbs be restored, and it may leave the path of darkness; in each new life, may it be complete and whole.

By authority of the talismanic command of the Most High:

• Lord of the Azure Emperor: Azure Sprout, Azure Blossom, and Red Apricot assist on the left, washing away foulness and impurity.
• Lord of the Red Emperor: Red Sprout and Red Blossom; the waxy grime below is released, and impurity is cleared away, leaving purity and lightness.
• Lord of the Yellow Emperor: Yellow Sprout and Yellow Blossom; the numinous Treasure surges forth, and yellow radiance sweeps through the form.
• Lord of the White Emperor: White Sprout and White Blossom; the True is honed and protected on the right, and the Qi and meridians are brought into harmony.
• Lord of the Black Emperor: Green Sprout and Green Blossom; blackness rises above, and the body shines with light.

Restore the remains and raise the dead; from white bones make a human being. Hasten, in accordance with the ordinances of the profound Lingbao rites.

Issued in the year, month, and day of the Heavenly Cycle.

The ritual official (your subject) __, having received the proclamation, carries it out.

The Compassionate Father of the Eastern Palace, the Celestial Worthy Taiyi Who Searches for Voices and Rescues from Suffering, serves as witness and guarantor.

True Talisman of the Jade Purity for Opening and Clearing the Throat

Living beings follow the cycle of rebirth; hungry ghosts grieve and lament.

Their throats are as narrow as needle holes, their bellies rumbling like hunger’s thunder.

Lingbao sends down its talismanic command, opening the throat in the hidden realm and soothing it.

May they receive food as they wish, and may vitality return throughout their bodies.

Hasten, in accordance with the ordinances of the profound rites.

The year, month, day, ritual rank, and master’s title are the same as above.

Talisman for Summoning the Merit Officers of the Four Time Markers: Year, Month, Day, and Hour

The Flame Emperor commands its execution; the Flame Lord receives the order and must descend at once: Great Strength Li Huan, Guo Ju, Zhao ⬤, and Zhang Bing. Hasten, in accordance with the Jade Emperor’s command, and swiftly summon all spirits.

Mudra: Calculate the four Qi of Zi, Wu, Mao, and You.

Talisman for Paying Court to the True Ones on the Jade Tablet

Talisman for Inviting Solitary Souls of the Five Directions

Talisman for Opening the Throat

True Talisman of the Jade Purity for Summoning the Six Jia Divine Generals

Note: This text consists of dispatches, talismanic commands, and invocations used in Lingbao rites for delivering souls of the dead. It concerns the Five Emperors of the Five Directions, Merit Officers and their officials and generals, opening and clearing the throat, and summoning the Six Jia divine generals. These rites are used to deliver the dead, refine their substance, help them ascend to truehood, and provide relief to hungry ghosts.

Plain-Language Guide to the Lingbao Documents

The following is a modern explanation of Daoist liturgical documents, talismans, registers, and incantations, intended to clarify their purpose and meaning.

I. Invocation and Command Formulae

General meaning of the original incantation:

“Dongtian Chiming, Danxia radiance shines forth, brilliance protects me completely.” This is a short incantation for opening the altar and protecting the practitioner. Its general meaning is to draw on the light of the grotto-heavens and the numinous radiance of the red clouds to protect the practitioner.

“By command of the Heavenly writ, the golden tablets and precious registers, may all ghosts be banished.”

By authority of the documents bestowed from Heaven and the golden tablets and precious registers, may all ghosts and spirits be driven away.

“The Most High commands their summoning and pacification; let all be carried out according to the laws and rites of the Mysterious Tradition.”

The Most High (the Daoist Worthy) issues the command to summon and pacify. All is to be carried out according to the liturgical rules and laws of the Mysterious Tradition.

Closing formula for documents (a format commonly used in liturgies):

Issued and proclaimed on the [year], [month], and [day] of the Heavenly era.

The Daoist responsible for carrying out the rite, [name], receives the proclamation and carries it out.

The Compassionate Father of the Eastern Palace, the Celestial Worthy of Great Unity Who Seeks the Sounds and Relieves Suffering—witnesses and confirms the covenant.

II. Numinous Treasure Talisman for Summoning All Orphaned Souls

Name: Numinous Treasure Talisman for Summoning All Orphaned Souls (a talisman in the Lingbao tradition used to summon souls without kin or refuge).

Explanation of the talisman’s meaning:

The Most Primordial Jade Dawn (a title associated with a Celestial Worthy of the Jade Dawn realm) rides in a red dragon chariot, ascending to the Limitless above and descending into the underworld below. The deity pursues and summons the souls of the Six Paths and Four Births (including heavenly beings, humans, animals, and hungry ghosts), along with the many souls of the Ninefold Darkness, and commands them to come quickly to the altar.

This is accompanied by incantations such as “fa zha” and formulas for summoning and gathering ghosts and spirits, with urgency, according to the laws and rites of the Mysterious Tradition.

This is followed by the same formula: “Issued on the [year], [month], and [day] of the Heavenly era,” the name of the Daoist carrying out the rite, and the witness of the Celestial Worthy of Great Unity Who Seeks the Sounds and Relieves Suffering.

III. Talisman and Document of the Precious Proclamation of the Jade Emperor of the Golden Palace

Nature: A talisman and document based on the Jade Emperor’s sacred proclamation, used to deliver the souls of the dead and raise them to the Jade Capital.

General meaning in plain language:

At the supreme altar of the Primordial Origin, reverently and in accordance with the Dao’s mandate, on a certain day of a certain month, the Jade Emperor’s sacred edict and precious proclamation in mysterious script are received and set forth to deliver the souls of the dead and raise them beyond to the Jade Capital.

The following is respectfully submitted: the immortal registers of the Golden Palace and the Jade Emperor’s sacred proclamation. We humbly request that the Perfect Ones of Numinous Treasure and the sages of the Ten Directions, in accordance with the Numinous Treasure canon for delivering humanity, exercise the power to restore the bodies and revive the dead. Let a command descend to the Ninefold Darkness so that the suffering souls may find relief; let the proclamation reach all lands so that detained souls may receive its grace. The officiant shall carry this out according to the laws of the Jade Emperor.

The document ends with the date of issuance, the name of the Daoist carrying out the rite, and the witness of the Celestial Worthy of Great Unity.

IV. Qie Diezi Talisman (written in the original as “Qie Baizi Talisman”)

Use: This talisman may be written on food, or symbolically written “on the heads” of the deceased or gathered souls during the rite. It is used for offering food and summoning souls.

Food-offering incantation:

You orphaned souls, now I offer you sustenance.

A single grain reaches throughout the Ten Directions, for the use of ghosts and spirits as numerous as the sands of the Ganges.

Its general meaning is: “All you orphaned souls, I now offer you an offering. A single morsel of food fills the Ten Directions, so that ghosts and spirits as numerous as the sands of the Ganges may partake.”

V. Sealing Talisman

Purpose: A talisman used in liturgy to seal and restrain the vital energy of a particular direction or a domain of ghosts. The original contains only the terms “thunder” and “Black Mountain moves here to join the Black Sea.” These are components of the talisman’s core or visualization formula and should be used in accordance with the complete liturgical manual and the master’s transmission; their meaning should not be determined in isolation.

Note:

The Lingbao Documents contain many formats for Lingbao purification rituals, rites for universal deliverance, soul-summoning, and proclamations of the Jade Emperor. In actual liturgical practice, these must accord with the Supreme Scripture of the Limitless Deliverance of Humanity by Numinous Treasure and the relevant manuals of the Lingbao lineage. Talismans, incantations, dates, the altar setting, and the officiant’s registers and credentials must all be present for the rite to have meaning.

《Lingbao Wenjian*, Volume Thirteen (Excerpt): A Plain-Language Interpretation

(In this text, the word “thunder” appears in several places. In Lingbao ritual texts, it often begins an incantation or marks a section, much like a commanding signal. The translation below carries these passages through in the cadence of a scripture.)

Thunder The Black Sea is moved here and comes to rest atop the Black Mountain.

Thunder The Black Mountain joins the Black Sea, all of it pitch-dark and shadowy.

Thunder Let no demons or evil spirits anywhere under Heaven remain.

End note: This concludes Volume Thirteen of Lingbao Wenjian. The text is based on a woodblock edition held at the Erxian Monastery in Chengdu.