《靈寶文檢》Vol. 36

Lingbao Wenjian, Volume Fourteen: Fulu (Talismans and Registers)

Contents

Talismans for Receiving Life in the Dipper Offering Ritual — Fulu used in Dipper offering rituals for “receiving life,” meaning extending or renewing one’s lifespan

True Talisman for Dispelling Impurity — A talisman for removing impurities and purifying the ritual space

True Talisman for Summoning the Local Earth Deity — A talisman for summoning the local Earth deity

True Talisman for Summoning the Meritorious Officer — A talisman for summoning the Meritorious Officer, a divine official associated with documents and merit

True Talisman for Worshipping the Stove and the Deity of Destiny — A talisman used to worship the Stove God and the Deity of Destiny

True Talisman for Summoning the City God — A talisman for summoning the City God

Golden Mysterious Feathered Insignia of the Northern Dipper — A Golden Mysterious Feathered Insignia, a type of sacred insignia used in Northern Dipper rituals

True Talisman of Greedy Wolf — A talisman used for Greedy Wolf, the first star of the Northern Dipper

True Talisman of Great Gate — A talisman used for Great Gate, the second star of the Northern Dipper

True Talisman of Emolument — A talisman used for Emolument, the third star of the Northern Dipper

True Talisman of Literary Song — A talisman used for Literary Song, the fourth star of the Northern Dipper. The source text calls it “Mysterious Darkness”; this may refer to Literary Song, based on the title in this volume.

True Talisman of Chastity — A talisman used for Chastity, the fifth star of the Northern Dipper. The source text calls it “Cinnabar Origin.”

True Talisman of Martial Song — A talisman used for Martial Song, the sixth star of the Northern Dipper

True Talisman of Army Breaker — A talisman used for Army Breaker, the seventh star of the Northern Dipper. The source text calls it “Heavenly Gate.”

Prayer Text for the Southern Dipper — A prayer text used in Southern Dipper rituals

True Talisman of the Celestial Treasury — A talisman used for the Southern Dipper star Celestial Treasury

True Talisman of the Celestial Minister — A talisman used for the Southern Dipper star Celestial Minister

True Talisman of the Celestial Beam — A talisman used for the Southern Dipper star Celestial Beam

True Talisman of Celestial Unity — A talisman used for the Southern Dipper star Celestial Unity

True Talisman of the Celestial Pivot — A talisman used for the Southern Dipper star Celestial Pivot

True Talisman of the Celestial Mechanism — A talisman used for the Southern Dipper star Celestial Mechanism

Talisman of the Eleven Great Luminaries — A general talisman for the eleven luminaries, including the sun, moon, and nine luminaries

True Talisman of the Sun — A talisman for the solar luminary

True Talisman of the Moon — A talisman for the lunar luminary

True Talisman of Wood Virtue — A talisman for Jupiter, the Wood star

True Talisman of Fire Virtue — A talisman for Mars, the Fire star

True Talisman of Metal Virtue — A talisman for Venus, the Metal star

True Talisman of Water Virtue — A talisman for Mercury, the Water star

True Talisman of Earth Virtue — A talisman for Saturn, the Earth star

True Talisman of Rahu — A talisman for Rahu, one of the nine luminaries

True Talisman of Ketu — A talisman for Ketu, one of the nine luminaries

True Talisman of Purple Qi — A talisman for Purple Qi, one of the nine luminaries

True Talisman of the Lunar Obscuration — A talisman for the Lunar Obscuration, one of the nine luminaries

Diagram for the Bright Lamp — A diagram and ritual method for the Bright Lamp ceremony

Talisman for Paying Homage to the Origin in the Dipper Offering Ritual — A talisman used in Dipper offering rituals when paying homage to the Origin, including appearing before the Northern Dipper

Talisman for Purifying the Mouth — A talisman used in the mouth-purification rite

Talisman for Purifying the Heart — A talisman used in the heart-purification rite

Talisman for Purifying the Body — A talisman used in the body-purification rite

Mystery for Opening Heaven and Earth — A secret talisman or method for opening the mysteries of Heaven and Earth

True Talisman of the North Pole for Subduing Demons — A talisman used by the Great Emperor of the North Pole to subdue demons

Talisman of the North Pole for Slaying Demons — A talisman used by the Great Emperor of the North Pole to slay demons

Sacred Insignia of the Northern Dipper’s Mysterious Spirit, Wondrous Grade — A type of sacred insignia associated with the Northern Dipper’s Mysterious Spirit

Talisman of the North Pole’s Efficacious Response — A talisman for the manifestation and efficacious response of the Great Emperor of the North Pole

Talisman for Invoking Incense and Reciting the Spell — A talisman used when invoking incense and reciting a spell

General Talisman for Dispelling Calamities — A general talisman for dispelling calamities

Talisman of the Natal Star Official — A talisman for the star deity who presides over a person’s natal destiny

Talisman of Requital and Manifestation in the Water Basin Rite — A talisman used in the water basin rite to bring about requital and reveal signs

Jade Talismans of the Three Luminaries of Lingbao — Jade talismans of the “Three Luminaries” in the Lingbao tradition

Twenty-Four Sacred Talismans for Dispelling Calamities through the Northern Dipper — Twenty-four sacred talismans used to dispel calamities through the Northern Dipper

Northern Dipper Talisman for Dispelling All Afflictions — A general talisman in Northern Dipper rituals for dispelling all afflictions

Talisman for Opening the Incense Burner — A talisman used to open the incense burner and establish the altar

Talisman for Closing the Incense Burner — A talisman used to close the incense burner and conclude the altar rite

The entries above form the contents of the Fulu section of this volume. Each entry has its own diagram and instructions for use in the main text.

This passage comes from the Lingbao Wenjian. It mainly consists of a register of Fulu (talismans and registers) and ritual language for formally issuing talismanic decrees. Its general meaning is as follows.

Names of the Talismans

Talisman of the Two Zun Di Stars (True Talisman of the Two Zun Di Stars)

True Talismans of the Seven Stars of the Northern Dipper:

True Talisman of Tanlang, True Talisman of Jumen, True Talisman of Lucun, True Talisman of Wenqu, True Talisman of Lianzhen, True Talisman of Wuqu, and True Talisman of Pojun

The Assistant Stars and Tiangang:

True Talisman of Tiangang, True Talisman of Zuofu, and True Talisman of Youbi

Talismans of the Three Terraces:

True Talisman of the Upper Terrace, True Talisman of the Middle Terrace, and True Talisman of the Lower Terrace

Other:

Talisman of the Two Envoys

Numinous Golden Seals of the Five Dippers (collective name), along with the talismans for each direction:

Numinous Golden Seal of the East, Numinous Golden Seal of the South, Numinous Golden Seal of the West, Numinous Golden Seal of the North, and Numinous Golden Seal of the Center

Star and constellation placard forms, and the Supreme Numinous Talisman for Dispelling Calamity

(All the talismans above are used by formally issuing them in the format given below.)

Format for Formally Issuing a Talisman

Taking a talisman associated with the Dipper Bureau as an example

By this talisman, the following decree is issued:

Merit officers of the Dipper Bureau and embroidered-robed envoys,

officials and troops of the Three and Five, responsive talisman spirits, command and lead the troops;

take charge of the Four Numina, summon them to the altar, release transgressions and extinguish calamities.

Hold the talisman and register, proceed directly to the Northern Culmen, and act in accordance with (the petition presented above).

Let this decree be transmitted by wind-and-fire express.

Year, month, and Master’s title as above.

(This means: order this talismanic decree to be transmitted with utmost speed. The divine officials named above are to carry the talisman to the celestial North Pole to avert calamity and dispel misfortune. Fill in the date and the ritual master’s title according to the preceding format.)

Talisman for Worshipping the Stove God and the Lord of Destiny

At the Supreme Primordial Altar of the Lineage, reverently in accordance with the Dao’s decree, we request the issuance of the Primordial Beginning talismanic command and summon the True Talisman of the Lord of Destiny.

By this talisman, the following decree is issued:

Marshal Zhao, the Envoy of the Nine Heavens’ Cloud Banner who oversees the purification rites;

Lord of the Stove, the Lord of Destiny in the Eastern Kitchen of the Nine Heavens:

Purify the dwellings and sweep away baleful influences; uphold the talismanic command and transform misfortune into good fortune.

Report good deeds to Heaven; keep evil deeds concealed.

On a Gengshen or Jiazi day (or another auspicious day), report to the Celestial Court, in accordance with (the request).

Let this decree be transmitted by wind-and-fire express.

By the mandate of Heaven: issued on the _ day of the _ month, in the ___ year.

Ritual official in charge: ___  Receives the decree and carries it out.

Witness to the covenant: Patriarch, Primordial Heaven’s Chief General, Lord Tianjun of the Red Heart who Protects the Dao.

(This means: At the Altar of the Primordial Origin, issue the talismanic command in accordance with the Dao’s decree, summoning the Stove God, Lord of Destiny, and the envoy who oversees purification rites. They are to cleanse the altar precinct, drive away inauspicious influences, transform calamity into good fortune, and report good and evil separately. On a Gengshen, Jiazi, or other auspicious day, the ritual master reports to the celestial realm, receives the decree, and carries it out under the witness of Lord Tianjun.)

Note: “Formally issuing” means officially proclaiming and delivering a talismanic decree to divine officials for execution. “Wind-and-fire express” is a set phrase in Daoist documents meaning urgent transmission. “Northern Culmen” refers to the North Pole, where the Northern Dipper is located, and is commonly associated with averting calamity, dispelling misfortune, and rites of worship to the Dipper. “Worshipping the Stove God and the Lord of Destiny” refers to offering rites to the stove and venerating the Stove God who governs destiny. The original mostly uses fixed templates for issuing talismans at an altar; the omitted details, such as the year, month, and Master’s title, are filled in on the spot by the Daoist performing the rite.

Plain-Language Exposition of the Lingbao Textual Documents

I. True Talisman of the City God

The Altar of the Supreme Primordial Origin respectfully enshrines the Dao’s decree and petitions for the issuance of the Primordial Beginning’s Talismanic Mandate, summoning the True Talisman of the City God.

The general meaning of the mandate is as follows:

An announcement to the City God, the presiding deity: Within a hundred li, you are the most revered. You make misfortune and blessing manifest; you protect the state and bring peace to the people. Your numinous authority is true, your integrity impartial. You govern both the underworld and the world of the living, dispel calamities, and descend upon the ritual altar. Your sacred writ is efficacious; all shall be carried out as the mandate directs, conveyed by the wind-and-fire relay.

Issued on the _ day of the _ month of the ___ year, according to the Heavenly Cycle

The officiant in charge of the ritual service (your servant)　　　Receives the mandate and carries it out

Patriarch, Primordial-Heaven Marshal, Red-Heart Protector of the Dao, Celestial Lord Wang　　　　　　　　Witness to the covenant

II. Golden-Arcane Feathered Registers of the Northern Dipper

Feathered Register and Numinous Talisman of the First Northern Dipper Star, Yangming, Lord of Greed

Lord of Greed, prolong life: Return to your true nature. The radiance of the Four Spirits—the Azure Dragon, White Tiger, Vermilion Bird, and Black Tortoise—flows down to illuminate you and reach the Arcane Darkness. The Seven Primordials, the seven stars of the Northern Dipper, record your name in the Register of Purple Writings, protecting your body and extending your years. May all proceed with flourishing success and benefit; may your ears and eyes be clear, your hun and po souls at peace. Gather and nourish Jing and Qi, and shine with the Shen. Thus, your life is naturally prolonged, and you ascend to Jade Clarity. The disciple submits to the Dao and prays to attain long life.

I respectfully present this petition to Lord Tiānpéng Tāngláng, the Great Star, asking him to dispel calamities and overcome adversity, increase blessings and extend life for the faithful who uphold the Dao and submit with sincerity,　　　　　　　　　　　and all those gathered here.

Issued on the _ day of the _ month of the ___ year, according to the Heavenly Cycle

The officiant in charge of the ritual service (your servant)　　　Receives the mandate and carries it out

Patriarch, Primordial-Heaven Marshal, Red-Heart Protector of the Dao, Celestial Lord Wang　　　　　　　　Witness to the covenant

Feathered Register and Numinous Talisman of the Second Northern Dipper Star, Yinjing, Lord of the Great Gate

Lord of the Great Gate, extend life: Arcane numinous forces spread out and array themselves; the Dantian flows freely, and its circulation accords with the perfected immortals. The Seven Primordials establish your place in the register, and your name is listed among the Purple Writings. May your body be protected and your life extended, blessings and auspiciousness renewed, evil forces driven away, and good omens increase day by day. May you travel without hindrance and be counted among the divine.

A Vernacular Interpretation of the Lingbao Wenjian

This text contains memorials and invocations accompanying spirit talismans for the Northern Dipper court ritual. Through the ritual master, devotees submit petitions to the celestial star lords, praying for calamities to be dispelled, life to be prolonged, and ascent to immortality.

May life be prolonged by nature; may I ascend to Jade Empyrean; the disciple takes refuge and wishes to attain long life.

May life be naturally prolonged, and after death may one ascend to the Jade Empyrean, a name for a Daoist heaven. The disciple takes refuge in the Three Treasures and seeks immortal life.

Respectfully submitted above to the Star Lords Tianrui, Jumen, and Yuan: may you present this petition on behalf of the faithful who pledge allegiance to the Dao.

Respectfully petitioning the Star Lords Tianrui, Jumen, and Yuan—figures associated with the Northern Dipper and its attendant stars—to present a report on behalf of the faithful who have taken refuge in the Dao.

And those who have joined in…

And all those participating in the ritual.

Respectfully petitioning for calamities to be dispelled, adversity to be overcome, blessings to increase, and life to be prolonged.

Respectfully petitioning for calamities to be dispelled, adversity to be overcome, blessings to increase, and life to be prolonged.

Issued in accordance with the Celestial Cycle, in the year, month, and day…

Issued in accordance with the Celestial Cycle on a certain year, month, and day.

The ritual officiant (minister)… receives the decree and carries it out.

The person conducting the ritual acts under command.

May the Patriarch, the Three-Heavens Chief General, the Heavenly Lord King of Red-Hearted Protection of the Dao, witness and confirm this covenant.

Calling upon the Three-Heavens Chief General, the Heavenly Lord King of Red-Hearted Protection of the Dao, a divine general who protects the Dao, to witness and confirm the covenant.

The Spirit Talisman of the Feathered Seal of the Star Lord Lucun, the Perfected One of the Northern Dipper’s Third Star

The Feathered Seal, written in bird-shaped script, is a spirit talisman of the Star Lord Lucun, the Northern Dipper’s third star, associated with rank and emolument and with longevity. Its invocation expresses the following:

Lucun overcomes adversity; the exalted immortals and high spirits shine forth, their radiance flowing everywhere. Within and without, all is purified and cleared. The Seven Primordial Lords record the registers, and one’s name is entered in the Purple Court. They support the body and prolong life; rank and emolument endure in prosperity; the organs are clear and at ease. All movement and rest are peaceful. Radiance and fortune accord with the celestial realm, and one shares in the glory of the spirits. Adversity is overcome naturally; one ascends to Jade Capital. The disciple takes refuge and wishes to attain long life.

In essence: the Star Lord Lucun overcomes adversity and shines upon the devotee. The devotee’s name is entered in the registers of the Seven Primordial Lords—the Seven Primordial Lords of the Northern Dipper—and in the Purple Court, the register of immortals. The body is healthy, rank and emolument endure, and the organs are at peace. One’s actions and movements are peaceful, and one shares in the glory of the spirits. Adversity is naturally overcome; one ascends to Jade Capital, a celestial realm. The disciple takes refuge and seeks immortal life.

Respectfully submitted above to the True Star Lord Tianchong Lucun… The format is the same as before, addressed to the True Star Lord Lucun and the other ritual participants, and petitioning for calamities to be dispelled, adversity to be overcome, blessings to increase, and life to be prolonged.

The Spirit Talisman of the Feathered Seal of the Star Lord Wenqu, the Mysterious Dark One of the Northern Dipper’s Fourth Star

The Star Lord Wenqu, the Northern Dipper’s fourth star, is associated with literary achievement and wisdom. The invocation accompanying the spirit talisman reads:

The dark and yellow forces open and manifest; immortal spirits appear and disappear. Their radiance reaches clearly in all ten directions. The Seven Primordial Lords keep the registers, and one’s name is entered in the Purple Chamber. They preserve health and extend life; blessings and auspicious signs endure. The perfected spirits form a covenant and bestow protection. They cleanse and dispel misfortune and calamity. The refined essence and Qi gather, and one shares a home with the spirits. Calamities are naturally dispelled; one ascends to the Jade Hall. The disciple devotes their life in refuge and wishes to attain long life.

In essence: the manifestation of Kaiyang brings forth the protection of immortal spirits. One’s name is entered in the registers kept by the Seven Primordial Lords and in the Purple Chamber. Body and mind are healthy, and blessings and auspicious signs endure. Misfortune is cleansed away; Jing and Qi gather, and one shares a home with the spirits. Calamities are naturally dispelled; one ascends to the Jade Hall, a celestial realm. The disciple devotes their life in refuge and seeks immortal life.

Respectfully submitted above to the Star Lord Tianfu Wenqu Niu… The petition asks the Star Lord Tianfu and the Star Lord Wenqu Niu to present a report on behalf of the faithful. The format is the same as above.

Note: “Respectfully submitted above,” “respectfully petitioning,” “receives the decree and carries it out,” and “witness and confirm the covenant” are conventional phrases in ritual documents. They express respectful submission, the performance of duties according to ritual procedure, and the witnessing of divine generals. The repeated phrases “may calamities be dispelled, adversity overcome, blessings increased, and life prolonged” and “wishes to attain long life” are common prayers for longevity and ascent to immortality in Lingbao purification rituals.

This is a common liturgical document format in the Lingbao Wenjian for “paying homage to the Zhen” of the Northern Dipper and dispelling calamities to prolong life. The following explains its general meaning and structure in plain language, retaining proper names and briefly explaining them on first use.

Faithful believers who sincerely devote themselves to the Dao, together with all those participating, respectfully submit this memorial to dispel calamities and misfortune, increase blessings, and prolong life.

On an auspicious day in a certain month of a certain year, according to the celestial calendar, this proclamation is issued.

I, so-and-so, charged with conducting this liturgy, receive the sacred decree and carry it out in accordance with the proper rites.

The Ancestral Master, the Primordial Commander, the Heavenly Lord of Red-Hearted Protection of the Dao (a deity who protects the Dao and its guardians), is present to witness and attest to the pledge.

Northern Dipper Fifth Star: Feathered Register and Numinous Talisman of the Star Lord Dan Yuan Lian Zhen

Lian Zhen presides over supporting the weak and exhausted; the true lineage bestows its numinous presence; auspicious clouds spread in all directions.

The immortal retinue is assembled; the offices of the Seven Origins (a collective name for the seven stars of the Northern Dipper) are fully in order; the name is entered in the Purple Camp (the register of immortals and celestial officials).

The body is preserved and life nurtured; fate and destiny are brought into harmony; the High and Mysterious realm (the upper celestial realm) receives and guides the supplicant.

One wanders freely in the Five Brightnesses (a realm of perfect clarity), rides the luminous clouds in flight, and shares in the glory of the spirits.

Support comes in times of decline, and success follows naturally; one ascends to the Jade Court (the palace of the upper realm). The disciple takes refuge in the Dao and hopes to attain long life.

We respectfully submit this memorial to the Celestial Bird Star Lord Lian Zhen, beseeching him, on behalf of the faithful believers who devote themselves to the Dao and all who participate, to dispel calamities and misfortune, increase blessings, and prolong life.

(The same memorial format follows below: “celestial year, month, and day; liturgy performed under a sacred charge; the Heavenly Lord Wang witnesses and attests.”)

Northern Dipper Sixth Star: Feathered Register and Numinous Talisman of the Northern Pole Star Lord Wu Qu

Wu Qu presides over driving away calamities; mysterious radiance shines down from the void; awe-inspiring numinous power stands ready to protect.

Evil spirits vanish without a trace; the Seven Origins enter names in their registers; the name is entered in the Purple Register (a celestial register, similar to the Purple Camp, both referring to the register of immortals).

Honor and longevity increase; blessings gather without end; immortal officials support the supplicant on the way.

One steps through the clouds; those who act with integrity are entered by name in the registers; one shares in the spirits’ wisdom.

Calamities naturally disperse; one ascends to the Jade Palace. The disciple takes refuge in the Dao and hopes to attain long life.

We respectfully submit this memorial to the Celestial Heart Star Lord Wu Qu, beseeching him, on behalf of the faithful believers who devote themselves to the Dao and all who participate, to dispel calamities and misfortune, increase blessings, and prolong life.

Notes to help readers understand the document; these are not part of the scripture:

1. “Those listed at the right, together with…” refers to the names of the faithful believers written on the right side of the memorial, as well as all those who join in paying homage to the Dipper and devoting themselves to the Dao.

2. “Feathered Register and Numinous Talisman” refers to a talisman associated with the Star Lord, of the feathered-script variety. In the liturgy, it is used to communicate with the stellar divinities and submit petitions to the celestial authorities.

3. Lian Zhen and Wu Qu are respectively the fifth and sixth stars of the Northern Dipper. In Daoist liturgies, they are often assigned roles such as supporting the weak and nurturing longevity, dispelling calamities, and protecting the body.

4. The four- and six-character lines in the middle are mostly rhythmic verses praising the stars and inviting their presence. In general, they ask the Star Lords to descend with their numinous power, offer protection, and enter the believers’ names in the registers of immortals, so that their calamities may be dispelled, blessings increased, bodies and spirits steadied, and—ultimately—they may accord with the Dao and fulfill their wish for long life.

By the mandate of Heaven, this was issued on a certain year, month, and day. The officiant responsible for carrying out the liturgy received the sacred command and performed it as directed. The ancestral master, the Celestial General Wang, the Red-Hearted Protector of the Dao, who commands the forces of primordial Heaven and safeguards the Daoist teachings, serves as witness.

This is a prayer accompanying a feathered memorial and numinous talisman, offered to the Lord of the Pojun Star, the seventh star of the Northern Dipper. May the Lord of the Pojun Star increase the recipient’s years of life, spread bright numinous radiance far and wide, and continually strengthen them with true Qi, the vital breath that is the source of life. May they be entered in the Register of Deliverance of the Seven Primordial Powers, the register governed by the gods, and be listed among the stars of Ziwei, the heavenly emperor’s abode and its celestial counterpart. May they cultivate themselves and prolong their lives, enjoy abundance and peace, ascend to become an immortal, dance freely, and wander at ease through the jade palaces of the immortal realm. May they perceive what lies within and without, dwell with the gods, receive natural benefit in body and mind, and ultimately ascend to the Jade Void, the realm of perfected immortals. The disciple submits in reverence and prays to attain long life.

The foregoing is respectfully presented. We beseech the Lord of the Pojun Star, the Heavenly Pillar and Celestial Pass, to dispel calamities and misfortune for the faithful who take refuge in the Daoist teachings and sincerely follow the Dao, and for all members of their households; to increase their blessings and extend their lives. We respectfully submit this petition.

By the mandate of Heaven, this was issued on a certain year, month, and day. The officiant responsible for carrying out the liturgy received the sacred command and performed it as directed. The ancestral master, the Celestial General Wang, the Red-Hearted Protector of the Dao, serves as witness.

What follows is a prayer to the Southern Dipper, the southern stellar group associated in Daoist belief with human lifespan and fortune, accompanying a numinous talisman offered to the Lord of the First Star of the Southern Dipper, the Heavenly Treasury, Minister of Destiny, Senior Minister and True Lord Who Stabilizes the Nation.

We bow toward the celestial court of the south and pay homage to the first star, whose honored title is Minister of Destiny. It truly governs the root of human life. The disciple now reports to the Star Lord at the mystic altar, submits a petition to the Celestial Department, and looks up in hope of Heaven’s nurturing transformation. We respectfully beseech the Senior Minister above, the deity who stabilizes the nation and commands its armies, to bestow numinous radiance and look kindly upon the disciple’s sincere heart. May the source of life be sustained, and may health and peace endure forever. The disciple submits in reverence and prays to attain long life.

The foregoing is respectfully presented. We beseech the True Lord, the Heavenly Treasury and Minister of Destiny, Senior Minister, to increase and extend the lifespan, blessings, and emoluments of the faithful who take refuge in the Daoist teachings and sincerely follow the Dao, and of all members of their households; to dispel calamities, misfortune, and harm. We respectfully submit this petition.

By the mandate of Heaven, this was issued on a certain year, month, and day. The officiant responsible for carrying out the liturgy received the sacred command and performed it as directed.

The following is a modern plain-language interpretation of the spirit talismans and petitions addressed to the Lords of the Southern Dipper in the Lingbao Wenshu.

[Witnessed and attested by the Ancestral Master, the General of the Primordial Heaven, the Heavenly Lord of Red-Hearted Protection of the Dao]

The Ancestral Master, the General of the Primordial Heaven, the Heavenly Lord of Red-Hearted Protection of the Dao—a deity who protects the Dao and its teachings—serves as witness and guarantor for this petition.

Spirit Talisman of the Southern Dipper’s Second Star, the Heavenly Minister Si Lu, Supreme General Who Guards the Prisons, True Lord

We bow in reverence to the Southern Celestial Court, the heavenly realm where the Southern Dipper resides. The Southern Dipper’s second star is named Si Lu, the star that governs blessings, rank, and longevity. It records the deeds of those living in this world. Now a disciple lights a lamp to report to the star lord, seeking to have their appearance and name registered in the Cinnabar Heaven, the crimson celestial realm of long life, and to enter the court of longevity.

This Heavenly General alone—the True Lord Who Guards the Prisons, guardian of the underworld prisons and master of their judgments—commands the troops and keeps the prisons in order. He moves the radiance and spreads its light, reflecting it upon all beings. With a cinnabar-script talisman, he registers the disciple’s name and grants them years of life for all time. The disciple takes refuge in the register of destiny and wishes to attain long life.

We respectfully petition the Supreme General and True Lord Si Lu, the Heavenly Minister of the Second Star. We ask that he extend the life and fortune of those who follow the Dao and place their trust in it, including so-and-so and the others, and dispel their disasters and misfortunes. Respectfully submitted.

In the year, month, and day of the Celestial Calendar

Ritual official so-and-so, charged with carrying out the liturgy, receives the decree and acts accordingly

[Witnessed and attested by the Ancestral Master, the General of the Primordial Heaven, the Heavenly Lord of Red-Hearted Protection of the Dao]

Spirit Talisman of the Southern Dipper’s Third Star, the True Lord Tian Liang, Who Prolongs Life and Protects Destiny

We bow in reverence to the Southern Celestial Court. The Southern Dipper’s third star is named Yan Shou, the star that prolongs life and governs one’s years and allotted lifespan. Now a disciple worships the Dipper and invites the perfected spirits, making a prayer in the celestial realm south of the dark stars, by the ford of the Milky Way. Only Tian Liang, the divine presence of the Dipper’s third star, delivers all people. May he descend, receive and guide them, spare them from disaster and hardship, prolong their lives, and bless them with fortune as abundant as spring. The disciple takes refuge and wishes to attain long life.

We respectfully petition the True Lord Tian Liang, Who Prolongs Life and Protects Destiny. We ask that he extend the life and fortune of those who follow the Dao and place their trust in it, including so-and-so and the others, and dispel their misfortunes and calamities. Respectfully submitted.

In the year, month, and day of the Celestial Calendar

Ritual official so-and-so, charged with carrying out the liturgy, receives the decree and acts accordingly

[Witnessed and attested by the Ancestral Master, the General of the Primordial Heaven, the Heavenly Lord of Red-Hearted Protection of the Dao]

Spirit Talisman of the Southern Dipper’s Fourth Star, the True Lord Tian Tong, Who Increases the Allotted Years and Protects Life

Its structure follows the previous two sections: the disciple bows in reverence to the Southern Dipper’s fourth star, Tian Tong, titled Yi Suan, “Who Increases the Allotted Years,” or Bao Sheng, “Who Protects Life,” and who governs the increase of one’s years and the protection of life. The disciple lights a lamp or worships the Dipper to make a report to the star, has their name registered in a cinnabar-script talisman, and takes refuge in the hope of long life. The disciple then petitions the True Lord to extend the life and fortune of the faithful and others, and to dispel their misfortunes. The section ends with the date and the words “receives the decree and acts accordingly,” and is again attested by the Heavenly Lord of Red-Hearted Protection of the Dao. The original passage follows the same format as the two preceding sections; if specific wording differs slightly among manuscripts, the liturgical text should be taken as authoritative.

Background for Reading the Liturgy

This text belongs to the tradition of paying homage to the Southern Dipper. The Southern Dipper governs life and longevity. In lamp-lighting and Dipper-worship rites, practitioners commonly address its star lords in petitions, asking to have their names entered in the Celestial Bureaucracy, to increase their life and fortune, and to dispel disasters and misfortunes. The spirit talismans are used alongside the petitions, signifying that the petitioner holds a talisman, pledges devotion, and sends their request to the star court. “Receives the decree and acts accordingly” is the closing phrase of the liturgy, indicating that the command has been received and will be followed. “Year, month, and day of the Celestial Calendar” marks the space where the date is entered.

This passage is a liturgical document (Keyi) from the Daoist Lingbao Wenjian, presenting prayers to the Southern Dipper's six stellar deities (Nandou Liuxing) for longevity and calamity relief.

The rite begins with obeisance to the Fourth Star, the "Star Lord Who Augments Lifespan" (Yisuan Xingjun), the deity governing mortal life calculations. He is praised for harnessing primordial Qi (vital energy) and manifesting divine wonders. A devout disciple, through purification rituals (Zhaijiao), seeks communion with the celestial court of the Southern Palace (Nangong)—the abode of immortals in the Taiwei Enclosure. The Southern Dipper, sharing heaven's celestial chambers, holds the key to determining human longevity. The disciple implores the deity's mercy to inscribe their name in vermilion immortal script, bestowing blessings of prolonged life and perpetual well-being. With reverent surrender, the disciple seeks the Dao of immortality.

Next, homage is paid to the Fifth Star, the "Star Lord Who Dispels Calamities" (Du'e Xingjun), extolled for dissolving misfortunes and hardships. The disciple earnestly summons numinous energies, yearning for the Cinnabar Terrace of Zhuling (a Daoist paradise) and the Palace of Literary Eminence (Wenchanggong, governing scholarly destiny). As the Celestial Pivot Star (the first star of the Northern Dipper) rotates the mechanisms of creation, the disciple prays for the descent of Dao-Qi (primordial energy) to harmonize the ethereal and corporeal souls (Hun and Po), granting longevity and daily renewal of virtuous achievements.

Finally, reverence is offered to the Sixth Star, the "Star Lord of Ascendant Life" (Shangsheng Xingjun), who oversees celestial laws and records deeds. The disciple, with a heart devoted to the Dao, aspires to cultivate authenticity and realize truth.

Each section concludes by designating this as an official petition to the respective Star Lord, submitted on behalf of pious devotees seeking extended life, prosperity, and deliverance from misfortune. The presiding Daoist priest (referring to themselves as "your servant") executes the rite by heavenly mandate, invoking Patriarch Wang Tianjun (a Daoist guardian deity) as witness. Appended are the corresponding talismans (Fulu) for each Star Lord and the date of submission.

Such liturgy reflects Daoist practices of stellar veneration for altering destiny, wherein the Southern Dipper's six stars govern distinct aspects of fate. Through sincere prayer and ritual, practitioners believe they can commune with these deities to transform their predetermined lot.

A Plain-Language Reading of the Lingbao Documents

Presenting a Petition to the Perfected Lord Who Oversees the Registers of the Heavenly Pivot and Bestows Life

We turn our hearts toward the celestial court at the Palace of Separation, where the star-marker is located. At the place of the Northern Dipper’s Heavenly Pivot, we arrange the celestial documents and pray that the gods send down their light to protect our bodies. We also ask the Perfected Lord who oversees registers and records, records blessings, and lengthens life to accept the disciple’s vow of refuge and grant the wish for long life.

We respectfully submit the petition above.

We petition the Perfected Lord Who Oversees the Registers of the Heavenly Pivot and Bestows Life to increase the allotted years and blessings, and dispel calamities, for faithful followers who have devoted themselves to the Dao and for all those gathered with them.

Issued on the [day] of the [month], in the [year] of the Celestial Cycle.

The ritual officiant, [name], receives this proclamation and carries it out.

The Celestial Lord, Ancestral Master and Commander of the Primordial Heaven, Red-Hearted Protector of the Dao, serves as witness and confirms the covenant.

True Talismans of the Eleven Great Luminaries (Excerpt: the Sun and Moon Talismans)

The Supreme Altar of Primordial Unity, in reverent compliance with the Dao’s command, requests the issuing of a talismanic decree bearing the true form of the Solar Lord of the Sun Palace.

The decree proclaims:

Facing east toward the Palace of Fusang, where the sun rises in myth, we bow and pay homage to Yuyi, the solar deity. The sun’s realm of radiant clarity is still and deep, far beyond our reach, yet it draws the spirit onward. Let me bow before its golden and honored countenance, and look up in reverence toward the splendor of the heavenly face. The Jade Maiden of Yellow Radiance is about to arrive before the pavilion; at this moment, may she descend.

We respectfully submit this petition on behalf of faithful followers who have devoted themselves to the Dao and live in [place], [county], Sichuan Province, under the Great Han realm, and of all those gathered with them, asking that calamities be dispelled and their years and blessings increased.

Issued on the [day] of the [month], in the [year] of the Celestial Cycle. The ritual officiant, [name], receives this proclamation and carries it out.

The Celestial Lord, Ancestral Master and Commander of the Primordial Heaven, Red-Hearted Protector of the Dao, serves as witness and confirms the covenant.

The Supreme Altar of Primordial Unity, in reverent compliance with the Dao’s command, requests the issuing of a talismanic decree bearing the true form of the August Sovereign of Great Yin in the Lunar Palace.

The decree proclaims:

Looking up and gazing in all eight directions, we see only the moon, which gives birth to Yin essence. Within it is the Lady of Yellow, Great Simplicity, riding in a green, two-horse chariot. Her radiance shines upon the two poles, and the light of Primordial Unity illuminates the Three Pure Ones (Sanqing). We earnestly seek the highest Dao, and five-colored clouds descend to welcome us.

The petition that follows uses the same format as the Sun Talisman: it asks for calamities to be dispelled and life to be prolonged for faithful followers of the Dao and all those gathered with them in a specified place; it gives the date of issue, names the officiant who receives and carries out the decree, and identifies the Celestial Lord as witness to the covenant.

This text follows the petition and talismanic-decree formats used in Lingbao ritual. The first part asks the Perfected Lord Who Oversees the Registers of the Heavenly Pivot and Bestows Life for protection and increased blessings. The second part presents the Sun and Moon Talismans from the True Talismans of the Eleven Great Luminaries. Through praises of solar essence, lunar radiance, Jade Maidens, and Ladies, they seek to dispel calamities and prolong life for the faithful. The Red-Hearted Protector of the Dao, the Celestial Lord, serves as divine witness to the covenant. The phrase “under the Great Han realm, in [place], Sichuan Province” is a conventional formula for naming the region and congregation in ritual texts; the precise date, officiant’s name, and place are filled in when the rite is performed.

On the Right, Petitioning on Behalf of

For the faithful devotee [name], who lives in [place] in [Daoist district], Sichuan Province, under the Great Han realm, has embraced the Dao and pledged allegiance, and for all the members of the household: to dispel calamities and misfortune, increase blessings, and extend life. This petition is respectfully submitted.

In the [year] of the Heavenly Cycle, on the [month] [day], this proclamation is issued.

Charged with carrying out the ritual proceedings, [I, the ritual officiant,] [name] receive the decree and put it into effect.

The founding master, the primordial commander, the loyal-hearted protector of the Dao, Celestial Lord Wang [name], serves as witness to the covenant.

At the peerless altar of primordial unity, in respectful compliance with the Daoist decree, we request the issuance of the talismanic mandate bearing the true form of the Eastern Star Lord of Wood Virtue.

The talisman proclaims:

Jupiter, riding the virtue of Wood, shines forth across the eastern quarter. Reaching the fields, it nourishes them with rain and dew; its upright Qi shines in radiant majesty. Seeking blossoms, it sings in vast abundance; red fire carries the workings of the mushroom elixir. Now, with prayers offered again and again, blessings are naturally won and long endure.

On the Right, Petitioning on Behalf of

For the faithful devotee [name], who lives in [place] in [Daoist district], Sichuan Province, under the Great Han realm, has embraced the Dao and pledged allegiance, and for all the members of the household: to dispel calamities and misfortune, increase blessings, and extend life. This petition is respectfully submitted.

In the [year] of the Heavenly Cycle, on the [month] [day], this proclamation is issued.

Charged with carrying out the ritual proceedings, [I, the ritual officiant,] [name] receive the decree and put it into effect.

The founding master, the primordial commander, the loyal-hearted protector of the Dao, Celestial Lord Wang [name], serves as witness to the covenant.

At the peerless altar of primordial unity, in respectful compliance with the Daoist decree, we request the issuance of the talismanic mandate bearing the true form of the Southern Star Lord of Fire Virtue.

The talisman proclaims:

Horned rays rise in a dense array of dragons and phoenixes; their majestic radiance resounds through the ten directions. Vermilion stellar force shines through the five night watches; red flames blaze with the Three Lights. Their crystalline brightness upholds upright Qi; swords and spears gleam with martial authority. Hidden things answer by vanishing without trace; how dare the baleful stars and comets stand in their way?

This is a model petition from a Lingbao liturgical lineage, used to submit a request to Heaven and seek the issuance of talismanic decrees, to ward off disasters and calamities and increase blessings and longevity. Phrases such as “announce and issue,” “carry out the liturgical rites,” and “receive the proclamation and carry it out” recur throughout. They are formulaic expressions in Daoist liturgy, modeled on officials receiving orders and carrying out their duties. The section on the Star Lords accompanies the talismanic decrees with verse describing the Five Stars—in this case, the Star Lords of Metal in the West, Water in the North, and Earth in the Center.

Respectfully submitted: to ward off disasters and calamities, and to increase blessings and longevity

In the year, month, and day of Heaven’s cycle, the decree is issued.

The official charged with carrying out the liturgical rites receives the proclamation and carries it out in accordance with the rites.

The Patriarch, the Primordial Commander, and the Celestial Lord Wang, Red-Hearted Protector of the Dao, serve as witnesses to the covenant.

The Supreme Primordial Altar respectfully receives

the Dao’s decree and humbly requests the issuance of

the talismanic decree bearing the true form of the Star Lord of Metal in the West.

The decree set forth above proclaims:

Venus towers over the clear River of Heaven, its light rising and shining among the clouds. Gracefully it floats amid auspicious colors; brilliantly it outshines the Morning Star. Its blade is keen enough to repel invaders; its lustrous hue often brings about the surrender of troops. Having fully traced the numbers of the talismanic calendar, it accords with the Dao and endures as long as Heaven and Earth.

The persons for whom this is requested are:

The faithful who dwell in the territory of Dao, Sichuan Province, within the Great Han realm, who honor the Dao and sincerely devote themselves to it: [names and number of persons].

Respectfully submitted: to ward off disasters and calamities, and to increase blessings and longevity.

In the year, month, and day of Heaven’s cycle, the decree is issued.

The official charged with carrying out the liturgical rites receives the proclamation and carries it out in accordance with the rites.

The Patriarch, the Primordial Commander, and the Celestial Lord Wang, Red-Hearted Protector of the Dao, serve as witnesses to the covenant.

The Supreme Primordial Altar respectfully receives

the Dao’s decree and humbly requests the issuance of

the talismanic decree bearing the true form of the Star Lord of Water in the North.

The decree set forth above proclaims:

How wondrous the talisman of the Five Qi: its true form seems to appear. Lofty, it stands in the Ox position; Ren and Gui shine in their appointed places. Its radiance gathers into pure brilliance, its gaze turned toward those who hold it in mind. The immortals sing and dance in accord with the Dao; after a long while, it descends from the celestial court.

The persons for whom this is requested are:

The faithful who dwell in the territory of Dao, Sichuan Province, within the Great Han realm, who honor the Dao and sincerely devote themselves to it: [the remaining fields, through the date, ritual office, and master’s title, follow the same format as above].

The Supreme Primordial Altar respectfully receives

the Dao’s decree and humbly requests the issuance of

the talismanic decree bearing the true form of the Star Lord of Earth in the Center.

The decree set forth above proclaims:

High in the heavens, the talisman of Wu and Ji conceals itself in the land and rises through the layered skies. The Five Phases follow its radiant illumination.

Notes to aid reading the original:

“Ward off” refers to dispelling and averting calamities through liturgical rites, talismans, and other means. “Increase blessings and longevity” means to add blessings and wisdom, and prolong life.

A “talismanic decree bearing the true form” is a talisman and command issued in accordance with a Star Lord’s true form, or sacred image. This practice is associated with Lingbao and with rites such as inviting the stars and worshipping the Dipper.

The Star Lords of Metal, Water, and Earth correspond respectively to the West (Metal/Venus), the North (Water/Ren and Gui), and the Center (Earth/Wu and Ji), in keeping with the Five Phases and the directions. Both Taibai and Changgeng refer to Venus.

“Official,” “receive the proclamation and carry it out,” and “witness the covenant” imitate the format of petitions to the celestial court. Daoist priests at the altar submit petitions on behalf of the faithful, with the Celestial Lord Wang and others serving as witnesses.

“The faithful who dwell in the territory of Dao, Sichuan Province, within the Great Han realm” is a blank in the petition, to be filled with the province, circuit, place, and names of the devotees. This was a common form for filling in liturgical documents from the Qing period onward.

The source appears to break off in the section for the Star Lord of Earth, after “the Five Phases follow its radiant illumination”; text may be missing after this point.

Plain-Language Interpretation

Hymn (on the Star Lords)

Light appears over the land of the Nine Provinces. Gan De and Shi Shen calculate the hidden courses of the ecliptic; Tao Wu works out the profound and boundless mysteries.

Heaven sends down rain and dew. We bow to the earth and recite the “Empty Hymn”—prayers heard as though coming from the void.

Petition Formula (repeated several times below with the same meaning)

With reverence, on behalf of [name], a faithful believer who follows the Dao, has pledged allegiance, and seeks the good, residing in [district] of [locality], Sichuan Province, under the Great Han realm, together with all those gathered here, we pray for the removal of calamities and the increase of blessings and longevity. We respectfully submit this petition.

Issued on the [day] of the [month] in the [year] of the Celestial Cycle.

The ritual official [name], charged with conducting the rites, receives the decree and carries it out.

May the Patriarch, the Primordial Heavenly Commander, and the Red-Hearted Guardian of the Dao, King Celestial Lord, bear witness and seal the covenant.

The Supreme Primordial Altar of the Dao respectfully receives the Dao’s decree and requests the issuance of the true-form talismanic mandate of the Star Lord [name].

Hymn to the Luohou Star Lord of Chunsou

The talisman above proclaims:

The divine chief follows the dark path, passing through the distant, silent reaches to the utmost numinous. In the gloom, it awaits the new and full moons; Yang virtue is obscured by Yin essence.

The High Perfected dwell in the Yellow Banner palace towers; frost bells shine. With devoted hearts, we await abundant blessings, bowing our heads as we recite the true scripture.

(In essence: The divine chief follows a hidden, dark path and, in profound stillness, reaches the highest spiritual realm. Amid the gloom, it awaits the new and full moons, while Yang virtue is veiled by Yin essence. The High Perfected dwell in the palace towers of the Yellow Banner, where frost bells gleam. With devoted hearts, we await abundant blessings, bowing our heads to recite the true scripture.)

Likewise, on behalf of the faithful followers of the Dao and other believers in this locality of Sichuan Province, we submit this petition to dispel calamities and increase longevity. It is issued on the stated day, month, and year of the Celestial Cycle; the ritual official carries out the decree; King Celestial Lord bears witness; and the Primordial Altar of the Dao respectfully requests the Dao’s decree and issues this Star Lord’s true-form talismanic mandate.

Hymn to the Jidu Star Lord of Chuwei

The talisman above proclaims:

Hidden in darkness, it manifests Yin virtue; with its leopard tail, it guards the star palace. Its wrathful finger can move mountains; its authority lies deep in the darkness of the great void.

Dragons and serpents take on strange forms; transformations suddenly plunge into obscurity. The person under its care gains long life and blessings; the efficacy of averting calamity depends on reverence and sincerity.

(In essence: Hidden from view, it displays Yin virtue and guards the star palace with its leopard tail. Its wrathful finger can move mountains, while its authority lies deep in the dark reaches of the void. Dragons and serpents appear in strange forms, and sudden transformations bring obscurity. The person under its care receives long life and blessings; averting calamity depends on reverence and sincere devotion.)

Likewise, this petition is submitted on behalf of the faithful followers of the Dao and other believers in this locality of Sichuan Province, to dispel calamities and increase longevity. The formula is the same as above.

Notes

This text belongs to the Lingbao ritual-document tradition. It begins with praises to the Star Lords, followed by petitions from the faithful, the date according to the Celestial Cycle, the ritual official’s receipt and execution of the decree, the witness of King Celestial Lord—a divine commander who protects the Dao—and a request from the Supreme Primordial Altar of the Dao to issue the true-form talismanic mandate. This is an official document that depicts the Star Lord’s form and issues a talismanic decree.

Chunsou and Chuwei are ancient stellar regions. Luohou and Jidu are Star Lord names used in Daoist rites; Jidu is often associated with Luohou and with averting calamities such as eclipses. The phrase “Sichuan Province under the Great Han realm” is a conventional geographical formula in ritual texts. It need not refer to an actual dynasty; it is ritual language used when presenting petitions to Heaven and Earth.

This text is a formal memorial used in the ritual liturgy of the Daoist Lingbao school, submitted to the Celestial Court. Its format has a devoted believer ask a Daoist priest to present a memorial on their behalf, requesting the issuance of a talismanic command to avert calamity and prolong life. The same structure appears twice, once for the True Lord of the Purple Qi Dao Star and once for the True Lord of the Moon’s Obscure Comet.

〔Section for the True Lord of the Purple Qi Dao Star〕

On behalf of [name], a devoted believer who has sincerely embraced the Dao and taken part in ritual services, residing in [district] and [locality], Sichuan Province, under the Great Han realm, together with all those gathered, we respectfully submit this memorial to avert calamities and misfortunes, increase blessings, and prolong life.

In the [year] of the Celestial Cycle, on the [month] [day], this is proclaimed and put into effect.

The ritual officer [name], charged with conducting the rites, receives and carries out the celestial decree in accordance with the proper rites.

The Ancestral Master, Celestial General of the Primordial Heaven and Heavenly Lord of Red-Hearted Protection of the Dao, serves as witness and guarantor.

At the Supreme Altar of the Primordial Mystery, we respectfully receive the sacred command of the Dao and request the issuance of the true-form talismanic command of the True Lord of the Purple Qi Dao Star.

The talisman hereby proclaims:

“Subject to the authority of the Heavenly Emperor, its essence shines in purple radiance over the Purple Tenuity, the celestial region where the Emperor dwells and the order of rank is governed. Yin and Yang turn to their utmost; in the hidden realm and the manifest world alike, its numinous power is revealed.

“The jade carriage ascends through the vast heavens; golden bells accompany its flight as it treads the Dipper. The four lodgings follow the courses of the celestial circuit, and the lands of the nine regions obey Heaven’s authority.”

We respectfully petition on behalf of [name], a devoted believer residing in [district] and [locality], Sichuan Province, under the Great Han realm, together with all those gathered, to avert calamities and misfortunes, increase blessings, and prolong life. We respectfully submit this memorial.

In the [year] of the Celestial Cycle, on the [month] [day], this is proclaimed.

The ritual officer [name], charged with conducting the rites, receives the decree and carries it out. The Ancestral Master, Celestial General of the Primordial Heaven and Heavenly Lord of Red-Hearted Protection of the Dao, serves as witness and guarantor.

At the Supreme Altar of the Primordial Mystery, we respectfully receive the sacred command of the Dao and request the issuance of the true-form talismanic command of the True Lord of the Purple Qi Dao Star.

〔Section for the True Lord of the Moon’s Obscure Comet〕

(The believer’s name, address, and petition to avert calamity and prolong life follow the same format.)

We respectfully receive the sacred command of the Dao and request the issuance of the true-form talismanic command of the True Lord of the Moon’s Obscure Comet. “Moon’s Obscure Comet” refers to a comet-like astral deity associated with the moon in ancient astronomy and believed to govern calamities; here, the phrase denotes its true-form talismanic command.

The talisman hereby proclaims:

“The light of the Great Yin shines upon the Five Luminaries, whose essence and spirit nourish all living things. The Green Cassia and Yellow Blossoms lend their aid, while the lofty celestial realm protects the pure spirit.

“The Banner Head and the comet’s tail appear in strange forms, or at times pass hidden through the celestial courses. Calamities and blessings flow according to the celestial lodgings; only through purification and ritual practice can one reach into the depths of the hidden realm.”

We respectfully petition on behalf of [name], a devoted believer residing in [district] and [locality], Sichuan Province, under the Great Han realm, together with all those gathered, to avert calamities and misfortunes, increase blessings, and prolong life. We respectfully submit this memorial.

In the [year] of the Celestial Cycle, on the [month] [day], this is proclaimed.

The ritual officer [name], charged with conducting the rites, receives the decree and carries it out. The Ancestral Master, Celestial General of the Primordial Heaven and Heavenly Lord of Red-Hearted Protection of the Dao, serves as witness and guarantor.

Note: “Sichuan Province under the Great Han realm” reflects a common Ming-period usage in which “Great Han” referred to the contemporary realm and a specific province was named. In actual ritual practice, Daoist priests fill in the blanks for the district, locality, personal names, date, and ritual officer according to the altar and the believers’ information. The verse following each “talisman hereby proclaims” is ritual language praising the star lord’s numinous power and describing its authority over celestial phenomena, calamities, and blessings.

The following is a modern plain-language interpretation of this passage from the Lingbao Wenjian, intended to stay as close as possible to the meaning of the liturgical text.

Performance of the Liturgy

(The ritual master) Your servant, [name], carries out the liturgy in obedience to the issued command.

Patriarch, Precelestial General, Red-Hearted Heavenly Lord Who Protects the Dao—serve as witnesses and grant protection for this liturgy.

Diagram for the Bright Lamps of the Eleven Great Luminaries

A total of fifty-seven lamps, arranged according to the ritual procedure for the Bright Lamps of the Eleven Luminaries.

The Talisman for the Dipper Offering and Ascent to the Origin, used in paying homage to the Dipper and the Origin.

Purification of the Mouth Incantation

The Celestial Eye guides the breath through the nose; draw the Qi into the mouth to purify it.

Purification of the Heart Incantation

The Celestial Eye guides the breath through the nose; draw the Qi into the heart to purify it.

Purification of the Body Incantation

The Celestial Eye guides the breath to blow over the body, and burn one talisman to purify the body.

Secret Method for Opening Heaven and Earth

Opening the secret methods of Heaven and Earth.

Northern Pole Chapter for Subduing Demons

Northern Pole Talisman for Slaying Demons (use the method described above).

Recite the Beidou Incantation and memorize the Numinous Chapter of the Wondrous Teaching of the Mysterious Numinous Beidou.

A day when light joins with Heaven and Earth.

Northern Pole Numinous Response Talisman

Incantation for Offering Incense

The Celestial Eye guides the breath over the rising incense smoke.

Talisman for Dispelling All Calamities

Talisman of the Star Officer of One’s Birth Year

Talisman of Recompense in the Water Basin

Lingbao Jade Talisman of the Three Luminaries

The talisman above is offered in service of the Dao, now on behalf of the faithful [name]: may their allotted years increase and their life be prolonged; may auspiciousness arrive and blessings gather; may their youthful complexion flourish forever, and may their steps be safe and peaceful.

(Nanji) governs births; (Beichen) dispels calamities, increases blessings, nurtures the foundation of good fortune, and extends life in the Golden Chamber—may all be carried out exactly as commanded.

Issued on the [day] of the [month] in the [year] of Heaven’s cycle.

Your servant, [name], performs the ritual duties in obedience to the command and carries them out as instructed.

Patriarch, Precelestial General, Red-Hearted Heavenly Lord Who Protects the Dao—serve as witnesses.

Lingbao Jade Talisman of the Three Luminaries

The talisman above is offered in service of the Dao, now on behalf of the faithful [name]: may all illnesses be removed and a thousand calamities swept away; may epidemics and pestilence be driven off, and may neither cold nor heat cause harm. May body and life be safe and auspicious, family members harmonious, daily living fortunate, and blessings, longevity, and flourishing prosperity abundant—may all be carried out exactly as commanded.

The year, month, day, ritual office, and master’s title are as stated above.

Great High Mysterious Numinous Talisman of the Beidou for Dispelling Calamities

Talismans for dispelling the Three Calamities, the Four Malign Influences, the Five Phases, the Six Harms, the Seven Injuries, the Eight Hardships, the Nine Stars, husband and wife, men and women, and childbirth. These are all talismans in the Beidou system for dispelling calamities, each corresponding to different misfortunes and matters of human life.

Notes to aid reading the original:

• Ritual service refers to a religious assembly or ceremony conducted according to Daoist liturgical regulations.
• Issued command refers to an order given by a superior authority or patriarch; the ritual master “receives the command and carries it out.”
• Serve as witnesses means that patriarchs, Heavenly Lords, and others act as witnesses and protectors.
• Celestial Eye refers to the ritual master visualizing the Celestial Eye at the space between the eyebrows and guiding Qi with it. This is used in purification of the mouth, heart, and body, as well as in offering incense.
• Beidou / Beichen / Nanji: the Beidou is associated with dispelling calamities and prolonging life; Nanji governs births. The liturgy often invokes them together.
• Lingbao Jade Talisman of the Three Luminaries: a jade talisman commonly used in the Lingbao tradition, associated with the Three Luminaries—the sun, moon, and stars, or another related grouping of three luminaries—and used in prayers for longevity, recovery from illness, and safety.
• The repeated formulas beginning “The talisman above is offered in service of the Dao…” and ending “may all be carried out exactly as commanded” are standard proclamations that invoke the talisman and declare the benefits and intentions sought on behalf of the faithful.

A Plain-Language Interpretation of the Lingbao Register of Talismans

Names of the Various Talismans (Catalog)

In order, they are: the Talisman for Repeated Entanglements, Talisman against Epidemics (plague), Talisman for Illness, Talisman against Malignant Spirits (demons and evil influences), Talisman against Tigers and Wolves, Talisman against Insects and Snakes, Talisman against Robbery and Banditry, Talisman against Shackles and Beatings, Talisman against Violent Death, Talisman against Calamity from Curses and Oaths, Heavenly Net Talisman, Earthly Mesh Talisman, Talisman against Weapons and Warfare, Talisman against Water and Fire, and the Talisman for Resolving All Calamities, which encompasses and dispels all kinds of misfortune.

Visualization and Talisman Writing

During the practice, visualize the Metal Emperor Star in the mind. Recite Golden Light, draw it in, and blow it into the upper aperture (one of the apertures at the crown of the head; here, the energy point at the top of the head). Internally write the three characters “Xuan,” “Yuan,” and “Shi.” After nine turns (circling nine times according to the ritual), write the talisman with the fire-emitting brush (a brush that embodies the fire in the brazier or is blessed with a fire invocation).

Opening the brazier: Light the incense burner and begin the ritual.

Covering the lamp: A ritual act involving covering the lamp; its details depend on the liturgy and often relate to protecting the light or securing the household.

The two Emperor Stars (listed twice, or perhaps referring to two imperial star positions; the stars assigned depend on the relevant liturgical text).

The star names, in order, are Tanlang, Jumen, Lucun, Wenqu, Lianzhen, Wuqu, Pojun, Tiangang, Zuofu, Youbi, Upper Terrace, Middle Terrace, Lower Terrace, and the Two Messengers. These include names of the Dipper stars, its assistants, and the Three Terraces, and are mostly associated with the Northern Dipper, natal destiny, and the star assignments used in liturgies.

Five Dipper Golden Chapter Spirit Talismans

First Golden Chapter Spirit Talisman and True-Text Incantation of the East

Nine Qi of the East, within the First Blue Heaven, the Elder of the Blue Spirit and Primordial Beginning (honorific title of the Lord of Heaven of the Nine Qi of the East).

The Lords of Heaven of the Nine Qi and the Perfected Ones guide the brush, inscribing below into the human body. Wood’s Virtue brings forth flourishing beauty; it joins with the Dao and accords with the Real.

This Golden Chapter Spirit Talisman is enshrined in the human liver. If the liver is afflicted, write the talisman in cinnabar, burn it to ash, and take it internally; recovery will be immediate.

Second Golden Chapter Spirit Talisman and True-Text Incantation of the South

Three Qi of the South, the Red-Spirit Cinnabar Heaven, the True Elder of the Cinnabar Spirit.

The Lords of Heaven of the Three Qi, the Director of Destiny and the Director of Registers (who oversee lifespan and names in the registers), and the honored spirits of the Vermilion Palace: Fire’s Virtue shines with beauty; it joins with the Dao and accords with the Real.

This Golden Chapter Spirit Talisman is enshrined in the human heart. If the heart is afflicted, write it in cinnabar, burn it to ash, and take it internally; recovery will be immediate.

Third Golden Chapter Spirit Talisman and True-Text Incantation of the Center

Overseer of all spirits, the Heaven of the Twelve, the Mysterious Elder of the Yellow Spirit.

The Lords of Heaven of the Twelve Heaven register and verify the official records and preside over the protection of the spleen spirit. Earth’s Virtue brings forth stability and beauty; it joins with the Dao and accords with the Real.

This Golden Chapter Spirit Talisman is enshrined in the human spleen. If the spleen is afflicted, write it in cinnabar, burn it to ash, and take it internally; recovery will be immediate.

Note: “Qi” here refers to the energies of the Five Phases associated with the directions of Heaven and Earth. The Golden Chapter Spirit Talismans belong to the Five Dipper system and are matched with organs such as the liver (Wood), heart (Fire), and spleen (Earth). Their use involves writing in cinnabar and ingesting the ashes, a common description in Daoist Canon texts on healing talismans. The specific method should follow the complete liturgical text and the transmission from a teacher.

Western Section: Fourth Golden Chapter, True Text and Divine Incantation of the Sacred Talisman

The Seven Qi of the West, the Heaven of Great White, and the Elder Sovereign of Radiant Light (the celestial realm governed by the metal Qi of the West and the Star Lord Great White, and the name of a revered deity).

The Lord of Heaven of the Seven Qi: records names and stabilizes the Po soul; presides over and protects the spirit of the lungs.

The Virtue of Metal is firm and refined; it joins with the Dao and unites with the Real.

This sacred talisman of the chapter is lodged in the lungs of the human body. If the lungs become ill, write it in cinnabar ink, burn it to ash, and take it as a drink; recovery will be immediate.

Northern Section: Fifth Golden Chapter, True Text and Divine Incantation of the Sacred Talisman

The Five Qi of the North, the Heaven within the Mysterious, and the Elder of the Fivefold Mystery (the water Qi of the North, the Mysterious Heaven, and the revered elder of the Fivefold Spirit).

The Lord of Heaven of the Five Qi: pursues the living and dispatches the dead; presides over and protects the spirit of the kidneys.

The Virtue of Water is gentle and refined; it joins with the Dao and unites with the Real.

This sacred talisman of the chapter is lodged in the kidneys of the human body. If the kidneys become ill, write it in cinnabar ink, burn it to ash, and take it as a drink; recovery will be immediate.

Star Deity Placards

Placards for the left and right

Embroidered-Robe Envoys of the Dipper Court

Great Divine Officials in the Dipper who Dispel Calamity

The Most Revered Deity of Perfect Virtue, Grand Marshal for the Current Year

Mysterious Officials of the Dipper Court, together with a thousand officials and generals

Lord of the Five Ghosts, Golden Essence White Tiger

Meritorious Registrar in Jade Script who Treats Illness in the Dipper

Star Lords Who Clash with the Current Year

True Lords of the Heavenly Physician, Talisman Physician, and Qi Physician

Star Lords of the Listed Luminaries in the Palaces and Limits of the Passing Year

The Two Great Envoys, Zhuan and Zhang, in the Dipper

The Two Immortal Envoys, Yang and Geng, in the Dipper

Sacred Talisman for Dispelling Calamity

Sacred Talisman for Dispelling Calamity of the Most High, Mysterious Spirit

The talisman below is hereby issued.

To the five divine officials and one hundred and twenty officers and generals who dispel illness: in accordance with this talisman’s command, let the gates associated with the Eight Trigrams and the Nine Palaces act exclusively on behalf of the afflicted devotee ○○○, removing the suffering of illness, regulating Yin-Yang, clearing away calamities, and bringing harmony to the nutritive and defensive Qi. We further beseech the Jade-Child Officials and Lords who administer medicines and treat illness in the Mysterious Spirit’s Jade Pivot Palace, together with the six departments of the Heavenly Physicians and the Divine Officials of the Inner Court of the Celestial Immortals of Numinous Treasure, to descend together and secretly convey jade liquid and golden fungus, divine elixirs, and wondrous remedies. Then let the devotee stricken by calamity be refreshed in spirit, safe from the present illness, with the channels and network vessels flowing freely and the limbs and body at ease. This is hereby communicated to:

The great generals of Dipper Sha and Dipper Punishment, the Divine King of the Might Sword, the generals of the Sha demons, and the Vajra Strongmen.

This passage is a liturgical text (Keyi) from the Daoist Lingbao Wenjian, detailing the talismanic rites (Fulu) for invoking Marshal Tianpeng (a Daoist guardian deity) and his thirty-six divine generals to capture malevolent spirits and exorcise evil influences.

The ritual begins by summoning Marshal Tianpeng's fully armored generals to apprehend the demonic entities causing illness in the afflicted. These malicious spirits, having exploited moments of vulnerability to inflict disease, must be swiftly expelled and delivered to the underworld for judgment. Through this process, devotees are liberated from suffering, restored to health, and granted peace of mind, their karmic obstacles dissolved and replaced with blessings of longevity and virtue.

Fifteen specific applications of the talismans are then outlined, ranging from foundational spiritual cultivation to exorcising illnesses, resolving conflicts, safeguarding pregnancies, and dispelling epidemics. Special emphasis is placed on observing strict fasting (Zhaijiao), reciting sacred scriptures, and burning talismans during one’s birth year or birthday.

Practical instructions follow: disinfecting spaces with water boiled with maple or peach leaves, and hanging talismans outside doorways. The healing talismans incorporate cosmological principles, such as the interplay of Yin-Yang energies and the generative forces of the universe, while invoking deities like the Sun, Moon, Five Planets, and the Three Officials (Heavenly, Earthly, and Water Officials). Particular supplications are made to the Celestial Physician (Tianyi), a Daoist healing deity, to eradicate pestilence.

The text concludes by stressing the urgency of executing these talismanic commands like military edicts. It notes that the presiding priest (referred to as "Minister X") acts under the authority of Patriarch Wang Tianjun (a Daoist guardian figure), employing the supreme Jade Pivot Talismans (Yushu Lingfu) to carry out the rites.

A Plain-Language Guide to the Lingbao Documents and Registers

Talisman for Driving Out Epidemics and Treating Illness

This talisman—a Fulu (talisman and register) made according to the prescribed format—can take effect through sincere intention and prayer. Take forty-nine peach leaves (seven times seven), boil them in water, and burn the talisman. Give the water to the patient to drink, and the illness will be cured immediately.

Treating Jing Demons, Plague Ghosts, Desecrated Temples and Altars, and Evil Beings

Infuse it with Gang Qi—inject the righteous energy of the celestial Dipper into the talisman.

Write this talisman in cinnabar. Realgar may also be used. Give it to the patient to wear; those who are not ill may wear it too, to ward off the energy of the plague.

The incantation says:

“Thousands upon thousands, sever their heads; tens of thousands upon tens of thousands, cut down their forms. Let no demon intrude, let no ghost conjure evil. The Three Officials of Beifeng, inspect the ranks of ghosts clearly; allow none to hide. By the golden horse, send the order on its way. Proclaim it everywhere without end; may all the spirits listen. The Five Emperors of the Three Realms, submit this report to the Highest Clarity. Act at once, in accordance with the statutes and commands.”

(In essence: Sever the heads of evil demons and destroy the forms of ghosts. The Three Officials of Beifeng—the offices that oversee the underworld—inspect the ranks of ghosts and allow none to hide. The proclamation reaches all the spirits, and the Five Emperors of the Three Realms obey the commands of the Highest Clarity. Act at once, in accordance with the statutes and commands.)

When driving a plague out of the home, burn the talisman in front of the door to block and dispel the plague’s energy. A separate talisman for cutting off Qi is given below.

Talisman for Cutting Off Qi

The Most High commands: Drive away seasonal epidemics and wipe out pestilence. Temper cold and heat, refine dampness; let the Six Qi circulate. May the spirits protect this place. Depart swiftly and leave no trace; may blessings gather together. Vast and profound, all is governed by the One. Act at once, in accordance with the statutes and commands.

Wenchang Dijun’s Command for Hastening Childbirth

Write in cinnabar on yellow paper—use yellow paper and cinnabar.

Take with wine and frankincense—grind frankincense into powder and use wine to wash down the ashes of the talisman.

The Great Spirit Who Oversees Birth in the Nine Heavens, the Primordial Lady of the Nine Heavens, and the Venerable Elder of the Nine Heavens issue this order to the true officials of the Five Bodies: Taokang, Heyan, Taohun, Zhu Po, and the hundred thousand spirits of the body. I possess the hidden writings that deliver the world and grant long life; all the spirits have assented, and none will disobey. If any ill omen dares to obstruct a person’s years of life, let it be struck down with the golden halberd and punished from behind with the great axe. Act at once, in accordance with the statutes and commands.

Jade Talisman for Dispersing the Eighteen Decrees / Lingbao Jade Talisman of the Three Radiances for Averting Fire Disasters

This talisman is issued for a certain place in Chengdu Prefecture, Sichuan, for the Daoist devotee so-and-so. It wards off fire disasters and prevents flames from spreading; it gathers the energy of the melting wind and dims the light of Huilu (the name of a fire god, here referring to the suppression of flames). May the Lord of Destiny and the Kitchen God guard the household within and without. May the home remain peaceful and be protected forever, without fail. All shall be carried out in accordance with this decree.

Issued on the day, month, and year of the current celestial cycle. So-and-so, the official responsible for carrying out the rites, proclaims and enacts it.

Note: This text is a collection of Fulu and incantations from the Lingbao school, for purposes including driving out epidemics, hastening childbirth, and averting fire. The talismans are generally written in cinnabar or realgar and used alongside methods such as burning, swallowing, or wearing them. The incantations often end with “Act at once, in accordance with the statutes and commands,” a formula used to issue orders in Daoism.

The Ancestral Master, the Lord of the Primordial Heaven and True Lord of Orthodox Unity, Zhang (an ancestral figure revered in Daoism), bears witness and seals these jade talismans.

Lingbao Three Lights Jade Talisman for Averting Flood Disasters (a talisman used to pray for the removal of floods)

This talisman was requested on behalf of local Daoist believers in Chengdu Prefecture, Sichuan, who pray that floods be driven away and floodwaters prevented from overflowing, so that their households may be safe, their lives secure, and their family businesses abundantly fruitful. They invoke the Earth God and the Six Jia deities (gods worshipped in Daoism) to receive and carry out the talisman’s instructions, and to guard them at all times, ensuring that all matters proceed smoothly and auspiciously. These prayers are carried out in accordance with the sacred mandate. The ritual master conducting the liturgy proclaims the mandate and fills in the year, month, and day.

Lingbao Three Lights Jade Talisman for Extending Lifespan (a talisman used to pray for a long life)

This talisman was requested on behalf of local Daoist believers in Chengdu Prefecture, Sichuan, who pray for an increase in their allotted years and a longer lifespan, for auspicious blessings, a healthy and rosy complexion that endures, and peace and good fortune in daily life. They invoke the Southern Pole deity, who records the years of life, to bestow blessings, and the Northern Dipper star gods to dispel misfortune, increase their share of blessings, and preserve the lives of the whole family. These prayers are carried out in accordance with the sacred mandate. The ritual master conducting the liturgy proclaims the mandate and fills in the year, month, and day.

Lingbao Three Lights Jade Talisman for Advancement in Rank and Stipend (a talisman used to pray for official rank and salary)

This talisman expresses local believers’ prayers to receive official stipends and the support of celestial officials, to advance smoothly in their careers, and to be granted prestigious robes and status, rising above their peers in honor. They pray that Heaven’s stipends and honors increase day by day, that their descendants be virtuous and outstanding, that their names endure through the generations, and that their family legacy be passed down through poetry, books, and literary works. These prayers are carried out in accordance with the sacred mandate; the year and month used, and the ritual master’s name, are the same as above.

Lingbao Three Lights Jade Talisman for Protecting Husband and Wife (a talisman used to pray for the safety and harmony of married couples)

This talisman was requested on behalf of local Daoist believers in Chengdu Prefecture, Sichuan.

Vernacular Explanation

Harmonious Union Talisman for Spouses

May husband and wife live in harmony: the husband takes charge of affairs outside the home, and the wife supports him; may their daily lives be auspicious, and may they travel safely, free from calamity.

May the spirits of the mysterious realm protect them, and may blessings and prosperity remain secure and unshaken. May husband and wife grow old together and live to a hundred; may no calamity or obstruction approach them. May all their wishes be fulfilled.

Edict

Issued on the [year], [month], and [day] of the Celestial Cycle.

The [official’s title] (minister), authorized to carry out rites as circumstances require, proclaims and enacts this.

The Patriarch, the Primordial Heavenly Teacher and True Lord of Orthodox Unity, Zhang [the Celestial Master of the Han Succession], bears witness and confirms the covenant.

Lingbao Three Radiances Jade Talisman for Protecting Descendants

This talisman is specially for

a Daoist believer, [name], from [place], [district] of Chengdu Prefecture, Sichuan,

who prays: May their descendants advance to honor and distinction, and may they shine through poetry and learning. May their lineage flourish, blessings and celebrations continue without end, auspicious clouds prosper, and seven generations enjoy successive glory. May their family be illustrious. May all their wishes be fulfilled.

Edict

Issued on the [year], [month], and [day] of the Celestial Cycle.

The master’s title is as above. The [official’s title] (minister), authorized to carry out rites as circumstances require, proclaims and enacts this. Witnessed and confirmed.

Lingbao Three Radiances Jade Talisman for Increasing the Household

This talisman is specially for

a Daoist believer, [name], from [place], [district] of Chengdu Prefecture, Sichuan,

who prays: May the household grow in number, and may its family name be honored. May the children and relatives live together in harmony, with households well matched. May the myriad spirits protect them, and may daily life proceed smoothly. May they remain untouched by a thousand calamities and enjoy wealth, rank, and splendor. May all their wishes be fulfilled.

Edict

The year and month, ritual office, and master’s title are as above.

Lingbao Three Radiances Jade Talisman for Increasing Wealth and Goods

This talisman is specially for

a Daoist believer, [name], from [place], [district] of Chengdu Prefecture, Sichuan,

who prays: May wealth and goods increase, and storehouses be full. May gold and silk abound like waters descending from the heavens and surging through the sea, and like lofty peaks and towering mountains. May the spirits protect the household gate, and may wealth gather wherever it is found, never to be exhausted in use. May all their wishes be fulfilled.

Edict

Issued on the [year], [month], and [day] of the Celestial Cycle.

The [official’s title] (minister), authorized to carry out rites as circumstances require, proclaims and enacts this.

Note: In the text, “all as wished” means “may all wishes be fulfilled.” An “edict” is a formal document in Daoist ritual that imitates an official decree issued from the Celestial Court. “Authorized to carry out rites as circumstances require” refers to implementing rites as the circumstances permit. “Witnessed and confirmed” indicates that Zhang Daoling, the Celestial Master and founding patriarch, and other divine officials sign as witnesses. In the format of talisman documents, “Sichuan, Chengdu Prefecture … [place], [district]” is a field for the believer’s place of origin and address; the space after “Daoist believer” is also left blank for their name.

A Plain Language Interpretation of the Lingbao Wenshu

1. Lingbao Three Luminaries Jade Talisman for Benefiting Fields

Certified by the Ancestral Master, Lord Zhang, True Lord of Zhengyi and Teacher of the Three Heavens

Lingbao Three Luminaries Jade Talisman for Benefiting Fields

This talisman is respectfully submitted in an upward petition on behalf of:

A faithful Daoist devotee in a certain district of Chengdu Prefecture, Sichuan

Praying for benefit and protection for the fields: may spring sowing and autumn harvest prosper; may the Lord of the Fields and Lady of the Fields, deities who oversee farmland, silently bless the work of cultivation. May locusts and crop borers flee far away; may sunshine and rain come in due measure; may harvests be abundant year after year, with granaries full of every kind of grain. May all be carried out as the imperial decree, the will of the Heavenly Emperor, directs.

In the year, month, and day of the Heavenly Cycle — issued

The officiant empowered to perform rites as circumstances require (minister) — proclaimed and enacted

2. Lingbao Three Luminaries Jade Talisman for Benefiting Silkworms and Mulberry

Certified by the Ancestral Master, Lord Zhang, True Lord of Zhengyi and Teacher of the Three Heavens

Lingbao Three Luminaries Jade Talisman for Benefiting Silkworms and Mulberry

This talisman is respectfully submitted in an upward petition on behalf of:

A faithful Daoist devotee in a certain district of Chengdu Prefecture, Sichuan

Praying for the prosperity of silkworm raising and mulberry cultivation: may mulberry trees flourish; may the Lord and Lady of Silkworms, deities who oversee silkworm raising, forbid and suppress inauspicious influences. May damage from mice cease; may the silkworms be raised under auspicious conditions, each cocoon yielding countless threads, with silk gauzes and brocades filling the chests. May all be carried out as the imperial decree directs.

The date, ritual title of the officiant, and master’s title are the same as in the preceding talisman.

3. Lingbao Three Luminaries Jade Talisman for Benefiting the Six Domestic Animals

Certified by the Ancestral Master, Lord Zhang, True Lord of Zhengyi and Teacher of the Three Heavens

Lingbao Three Luminaries Jade Talisman for Benefiting the Six Domestic Animals

This talisman is respectfully submitted in an upward petition on behalf of:

A faithful Daoist devotee in a certain district of Chengdu Prefecture, Sichuan

Praying for benefit and protection for breeding and raising livestock: may natural disasters be driven away; may tigers and wolves in the mountains and forests, and snakes and other venomous reptiles among the grasses and trees, all be restrained and kept at bay by divine power, unable to harm the animals. May the six domestic animals thrive, with abundant water and pasture. May all be carried out as the imperial decree directs.

In the year, month, and day of the Heavenly Cycle — issued

The officiant empowered to perform rites as circumstances require (minister) — proclaimed and enacted

4. Lingbao Three Luminaries Jade Talisman for Eliminating All Illnesses

Certified by the Ancestral Master, Lord Zhang, True Lord of Zhengyi and Teacher of the Three Heavens

Lingbao Three Luminaries Jade Talisman for Eliminating All Illnesses

This talisman is respectfully submitted in an upward petition on behalf of:

A faithful Daoist devotee in a certain district of Chengdu Prefecture, Sichuan

Praying for the removal of all illnesses — the specific content of the prayer is not fully preserved in the source.

Brief explanation:

These four examples are all jade talismans from the Daoist Lingbao tradition. They belong to the “Three Luminaries” series and correspond to four areas of everyday life: agriculture, silkworm raising and mulberry cultivation, livestock, and healing. Each talisman follows a standard format: the True Lord Zhang Tianshi of Zhengyi, a Daoist ancestral master, certifies the petition; an officiant submits it on behalf of the devotees; and it closes with the “imperial decree” as its authority, for the officiant to proclaim and enact.

Excerpts from Lingbao Wenjian (Modern Interpretation)

[Effects described in the preceding text]

May all kinds of illness be dispelled, the ten calamities swept away, plague and dysentery kept at a distance, and harm from cold and heat prevented. May body and mind be at peace, family members live in harmony, daily life be auspicious, and blessings and longevity flourish—all fulfilled exactly as wished.

Edict (in the form of an official notice)

Issued on the [day] of the [month] of the [year], under Heaven’s mandate

The official responsible for carrying out the rites, [name], proclaims this order.

The founding patriarch, the Three Heavens’ Teacher and Lord, the True Lord of Zhengyi, Zhang [name], bears witness and confirms it.

Lingbao Three Lights Jade Talisman for Dispelling Quarrels and Slander

This talisman is respectfully dedicated to:

[County or district] of Chengdu Prefecture, Sichuan

A believer who follows the Dao: [name]

Intended effects:

May disputes and slander be resolved, false and malicious words dispelled, and the lips and tongue no longer bring misfortune. May the spirits offer protection, all good deeds gather, harmony and joy fill the household, and loving kindness shine ever brighter—all fulfilled exactly as wished.

Edict

The date, ritual title, and master’s title follow the preceding example.

Lingbao Three Lights Jade Talisman for Dispelling Lawsuits and Litigation

This talisman is respectfully dedicated to:

[County or district] of Chengdu Prefecture, Sichuan

A believer who follows the Dao

Intended effects:

May lawsuits and legal disputes be resolved and official troubles brought to an end. If malicious people seek to cause harm, may the Way of Heaven judge them unseen. May those who scheme with clever words only bring error upon themselves. May demons and monsters vanish, leaving no lawsuits and a clear, peaceful world—all fulfilled exactly as wished.

Edict

Issued on the [day] of the [month] of the [year], under Heaven’s mandate

The official responsible for carrying out the rites, [name], proclaims this order.

The founding patriarch, the Three Heavens’ Teacher and Lord, the True Lord of Zhengyi, Zhang [name], bears witness and confirms it.

Lingbao Three Lights Jade Talisman for Driving Away Thieves

This talisman is respectfully dedicated to:

[County or district] of Chengdu Prefecture, Sichuan

A believer who follows the Dao

Intended effects:

May thieves be driven away and burglars who break into homes eliminated. May the Six Spirits guard the gates so that outsiders cannot intrude. May harmony fill the household and auspiciousness enter the home. May peace prevail through all four seasons and good fortune attend every undertaking—all fulfilled exactly as wished.

Edict

Issued on the [day] of the [month] of the [year], under Heaven’s mandate

The official responsible for carrying out the rites, [name], proclaims this order.

The founding patriarch, the Three Heavens’ Teacher and Lord, the True Lord of Zhengyi, Zhang [name], bears witness and confirms it.

Note on the original document’s format: “The talisman above is dedicated to” means that the talisman is specifically dedicated to a named person or place. “In every respect as above” means that the wish is to be fulfilled exactly as stated in the preceding text. “Edict” is a closing modeled on an official court notice. “Official responsible for carrying out the rites” is a title for the person performing the ritual liturgy; the Patriarchal Celestial Master, Zhang Daoling, signs as witness and guarantor. These are standard formulas in Lingbao ritual texts. The places for names and locations are left blank in the original and must be filled in for the talisman document to be complete.

An Explanatory Reading of the Lingbao Ritual Documents

1. Lingbao Three Luminaries Jade Talisman for Removing Epidemics

Issued by: The Patriarch, the Lord of the Three Heavens, the True Lord of Zhengyi, Zhang—the revered ancestral master of the Celestial Masters tradition, whose seal of “witness and confirmation” appears here.

Talisman name: Lingbao Three Luminaries Jade Talisman for Removing Epidemics

Purpose:

This talisman is offered in a memorial to Heaven on behalf of

Daoist devotees within the territory of Chengdu Prefecture, Sichuan …,

who pray for epidemics and pestilence to be driven away and infectious disease to be swept aside, so that the Six Qi—the six climatic factors that cause illness, including cold, heat, dryness, and dampness—will not harm the human body. May the divine powers protect them, the Five Ghosts disperse, good fortune gather, and their households prosper.

Efficacy: As if issued under an edict—an official decree from Heaven.

Date: Issued under the Heavenly Cycle, in the … year, … month, … day.

Execution: The officiant, …, shall carry it out according to the ritual procedures and their appropriate application.

2. Lingbao Three Luminaries Jade Talisman for Resolving Grievances

Issued by: The Patriarch, the Lord of the Three Heavens, the True Lord of Zhengyi, Zhang …, witness and confirmation.

Talisman name: Lingbao Three Luminaries Jade Talisman for Resolving Grievances

Purpose:

This talisman is offered in a memorial to Heaven on behalf of

Daoist devotees within the territory of Chengdu Prefecture, Sichuan …,

who pray that those with grievances or karmic debts—adversaries from past or present lives—be reconciled with, and that hostility be dispelled; that resentment cease in the world of the dead and harmony prevail among the living; and that the divine powers silently grant protection. May people share compassion and goodwill, remain safe in their comings and goings and daily lives, and encounter no misfortune.

Efficacy: As if issued under an edict.

Date: Issued under the Heavenly Cycle, in the … year, … month, … day.

Execution: The officiant, …, shall carry it out according to the ritual procedures and their appropriate application.

3. Lingbao Three Luminaries Jade Talisman for Undoing Curses

Issued by: The Patriarch, the Lord of the Three Heavens, the True Lord of Zhengyi, Zhang …, witness and confirmation.

Talisman name: Lingbao Three Luminaries Jade Talisman for Undoing Curses

Purpose:

This talisman is offered in a memorial to Heaven on behalf of

Daoist devotees within the territory of Chengdu Prefecture, Sichuan …,

who pray that curses—spoken or ritual imprecations and malicious words—be undone and deep-seated grievances reconciled; that divine shrines and sacred precincts be at peace, and that guidance be given toward attaining immortality and deliverance. Through the merit of this rite, may every grievance and entanglement be released, auspicious clouds gather, and blessings endure.

Efficacy: As if issued under an edict.

Date: Issued under the Heavenly Cycle, in the … year, … month, … day.

Execution: The officiant, …, shall carry it out according to the ritual procedures and their appropriate application.

4. True Talismans of the Thirty-Six Pardon Texts Bestowed by the Supreme Emperor

(The title appears on its own, with no following text. In the system of ritual documents, it usually refers to the formal talismanic certificates used for the thirty-six pardon texts bestowed by the Supreme Emperor. Like the jade talismans above, these follow a template with spaces for the locality, petitioner, and date, and belong to the Lingbao tradition of purification rites.)

Note: The source is a common template for Lingbao ritual documents used since the Qing dynasty. The blank spaces are filled in with the prefecture or county, the petitioner’s name, and the specific date. Each talisman is witnessed and confirmed by the “True Lord of Zhengyi, Zhang,” and at the end the officiating Daoist priest proclaims and carries it out. The Three Luminaries jade talismans correspond to three common kinds of prayer: epidemic prevention, resolving grievances, and undoing curses. Their wording is mainly that of ritual prayers, rather than narrative scripture.

A Plain-Language Interpretation of the Lingbao Wenjian

First Talisman: Remission of the offense of showing disrespect to Heaven, Earth, and the stars — The offense of failing to revere Heaven, Earth, and the stars.

Second Talisman: Remission of the offense of showing disrespect to the underworld authorities and the mountains — The offense of failing to revere the officials of the underworld and the mountain gods and local earth deities.

Third Talisman: Remission of the offense of showing disrespect to the deities of the Water Court and its temples — The offense of failing to revere the deities of the Water Court and its temples.

Fourth Talisman: Remission of the offense of showing disrespect to temple and plague deities — The offense of failing to revere the deities of temples and the Plague Department.

Fifth Talisman: Remission of the offense of cursing within one’s family across past and present lives — The offense of family members cursing one another over successive lives, past and present.

Sixth Talisman: Remission of the offense of scolding the wind and rain and mistreating them — The offense of railing against the wind and rain and abusing the natural world.

Seventh Talisman: Remission of the offense of disbelieving in the spirits and coveting wealth — The offense of denying the spirits and coveting possessions.

Eighth Talisman: Remission of the offense of killing or injuring living beings and plotting to take their wealth — The offense of taking lives or causing injury, and plotting to kill for money.

Ninth Talisman: Remission of the offense of cheating others with oversized measures and heavy weights — The offense of using large measures when taking goods and heavy weights when giving them, thereby deceiving others.

Tenth Talisman: Remission of the offense of offending the Dragon Gods while building or burying the dead — The offense of offending the Dragon Gods when constructing buildings or arranging burials.

Eleventh Talisman: Remission of the offense of disorderly marriages and taking lives — The offense of chaotic marriage arrangements and killing living beings.

Twelfth Talisman: Remission of the offense of digging through embankments and ponds for profit — The offense of damaging embankments or ponds—water-control facilities—in order to make a profit.

Thirteenth Talisman: Remission of the offense of scheming to seize others’ fields and homesites — The offense of plotting to take possession of another person’s land or homesite.

Fourteenth Talisman: Remission of the offense of defying one’s parents and disrespecting one’s elder brothers — The offense of disobeying one’s parents and failing to show respect to elder brothers.

Fifteenth Talisman: Remission of the offense of cursing one’s uncles, aunts, and other relatives — The offense of cursing relatives such as paternal uncles and aunts.

Sixteenth Talisman: Remission of the offense of burning incense and cursing after being robbed — The offense of burning incense and uttering curses after suffering a theft.

Seventeenth Talisman: Remission of the offense of spouses bearing grudges and cursing one another — The offense of husband and wife becoming enemies and cursing one another.

Eighteenth Talisman: Remission of the offense of asking ritual masters or shamans to seal and nail shut a temple altar — The offense of having a ritual master or shaman seal and nail shut a temple altar.

Nineteenth Talisman: Remission of the offense of becoming angry with ghosts, spirits, sages, and worthies — The offense of directing anger at ghosts, spirits, sages, and worthies.

Twentieth Talisman: Remission of the offense of violating a Buddhist shrine or Daoist monastery — The offense of showing disrespect to a Buddhist shrine or Daoist monastery.

Twenty-first Talisman: Remission of the offense of instigating lawsuits and harming the community — The offense of provoking legal disputes and bringing harm to many people.

Twenty-second Talisman: Remission of the offense of destroying and attacking illicit altars — The offense of suppressing and attacking illicit altars.

Twenty-third Talisman: Remission of the offense of summoning spirits and calling ghosts at will — The offense of casually summoning spirits and calling ghosts.

Twenty-fourth Talisman: Remission of the offense of breaking a purification fast and violating precepts — The offense of breaking a vegetarian fast and violating precepts.

Twenty-fifth Talisman: Remission of the offense of offending the household shrine and the God of the Hearth — The offense of showing disrespect to the household shrine and its presiding deity, the God of the Hearth.

Twenty-sixth Talisman: Remission of the offense of frightening and separating family members — The offense of causing alarm and dividing members of a family.

Twenty-seventh Talisman: Remission of the offense of hurting others with one’s words — The offense of wounding others through speech.

Twenty-eighth Talisman: Remission of the offense of breaking up another person’s marriage prospects — The offense of ruining another person’s romantic relationship.

Twenty-ninth Talisman: Remission of the offense of coveting wealth and scheming for gain — The offense of greed for wealth and plotting for personal advantage.

Thirtieth Talisman: Remission of the offense of polluting Heaven, Earth, and the Three Luminaries — The offense of defiling Heaven, Earth, the sun, moon, and stars.

Thirty-first Talisman: Remission of the offense of deceiving, slandering, and envying others — The offense of cheating and maligning others, and of jealousy.

Thirty-second Talisman: Remission of the offense of offending the spirits — The offense of offending the deities.

Thirty-third Talisman: Remission of the offense of failing to recommend and deliver deceased relatives — The offense of failing to perform rites to recommend and deliver deceased family members.

Thirty-fourth Talisman: Remission of the offense of killing living beings out of greed for food — The offense of killing living beings to satisfy one’s appetite.

Thirty-fifth Talisman: Remission of the offense of failing to deliver those who died unjustly — The offense of failing to perform rites to deliver those who died wrongful deaths.

Thirty-sixth Talisman: Remission of the offense of bringing disaster through acts meant to earn blessings — The offense of performing good deeds that instead bring calamity.